选修六.docx

1、选修六Moudle 1 Small Talk一、重点单词与短语 1advance adj. 预先的；事先的n.&v. 前进；进展；预付课文原句：It helps if you do a little advance planning. e.g.Let the world know more about China, let China advance towards the world.They are going to start an advanced course in English in that institute.I should warn you in advance that

2、 the date maybe delayed.归纳拓展：advance on/towards sb./sth. （为了）前进；行进in advance (of sth.) （时间上）提前；预先（=ahead of time）make an advance in sth. 某方面有进步advance planning/warning 预先的计划/警告advanced adj. 高级的，先进的；年老的；发达的advanced English/maths 高阶英语/高等数学2certain adj. 有把握的，确定的，肯定的（不作定语）；某个，某些（作定语）课文原句：Here in England

3、, there are certain questions that you shouldnt really ask people. e.g.I think theres a bus at 8 but youd better call to make certain.Im not certain whether theres a bus service on Sundays.For certain reasons Ill be unable to attend the meeting.归纳拓展： a certain Mr. Zhang 某一位姓张的先生certain books 某些书unde

4、r certain conditions 在一定条件下be certain of 对有把握make certain 弄清楚be certain to do sth. 一定会做某事for certain 肯定地It is certain that. 是肯定的to a certain degree/extent 在某种程度上3avoid vt. 避免 课文原句：Have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking to someone you recognize？avoid是及物动词，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing。e.g.You should avoid

5、such a person. The driver braked his car suddenly to avoid a terrible accident. Why did you try to avoid replying？ Children should avoid eating unhealthy food. 4lack 缺乏 课文原句：Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you dont know？ （1）v. 缺乏，没有（not have; to be without）

6、 e.g.We lacked food.（vt. lack sth.） He completely lacks conscience. （vt. lack sth .） Their courage is lacking. （vi. be lacking 欠缺，缺） He is not lacking in intelligence. be lacking in缺乏（某种品质、特点等）（2）n. 无需要（absence），常与of连用。 e.g.The plants died through/for lack of water. That was another example of their

7、 lack of experience. 5damage 损害，损坏 课文原句：That way, you dont damage your confidence! damage可用做动词和名词，此处damage用作动词。 （1）vt. 损害，损坏；使受损失 e.g.The earthquake damaged several buildings. （2）n. 损坏，损害 Udamage用作名词意指损伤或降低物的价值，一般是指部分性的损坏。 e.g.The accident did very little damage to either car. How much must I pay fo

8、r the damage？ 注意：damage的复数形式意为“赔偿费/金”。e.g.The court awarded 500 in damages to the injured. 辨析：damage, destroy与ruindamage, destroy与ruin都含“破坏、毁坏”的意思。 （1）damage指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等, 不一定全部破坏, 损坏了还可以修复”。 e.g.The heavy rain damaged many houses. （2）destroy指“彻底毁坏以至不能或很难修复”。 e.g.That town was destroyed in a big f

9、ire. （3）ruin现在多用于借喻中, 泛指一般的“弄坏了”。 e.g.He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth. 6impress v. 铭刻，使感动，给极深的印象 课文原句：Always rememberyou wont impress people if you talk too much. impress常见搭配： （1）impress sb. with sth.e.g.This country impressed me with the high speed of development.（2）impre

10、ss on sb. sth.e.g.My father impressed on me the value of hard work. （3）What impressed me most is e.g.What impressed me most is his honesty. （4）make an impression on sb. e.g.His honesty made a deep impression on me. （5）the impression of 对的印象 e.g.Whats your impression of Shanghai？ （6）have the impressi

11、on that（同位语从句）意为“有的印象” e.g.I have the impression that he doesnt smoke.词性变化：impression n. 7prepare v.课文原句： （1）Small talk is very important and prepare you for more serious conversations. （2）Be prepared! Have some low-risk conversation openers ready! prepare是个常用动词，也是一个多义词。它既可以作及物动词用，也可作不及物动词用。现将它的主要用法

12、归纳如下： （1）prepare作“准备；预备；筹备；制作；配制”解时，可用于以下场合：prepare + n./pron. 准备；配药e.g.He has prepared his lessons. After arriving home, she began to make a fire and prepare supper.The chemist is preparing a medicine. Corn is a very useful plant which can be prepared in many different ways.prepare sb. sth./prepare

13、 sth. for sb. 为某人准备e.g.Mother is preparing us a meal. = Mother is preparing a meal for us.The secretary has prepared the president a long report. = The secretary has prepared a long report for the president.prepare + to do sth. 准备做e.g.They are busy preparing to go on vacation. After the discussion t

14、hey prepared to write an article to air their views. prepare + for(或against) 为做准备e.g.The students are busy preparing for the mid-term examination. The peasants are preparing against the drought. 注意：prepare against用于为灾害、意外不幸或不愉快事件作准备。（2）prepare作“使（人）作好准备；叫（人）作准备”解时，可用于下述场合： prepare + sb. + for sth. e

15、.g.He was preparing himself for the marathon race then. The teacher prepared his students for the college entrance examination. prepare + sb. + to do sth. e.g.He prepared himself to take out a license for a driver. The nurse is preparing the child to go to hospital. （3）过去分词prepared用于系表结构，意思为“为做好准备；打

16、算”，常用于以下句式：be prepared + for(against )e.g.They were prepared for the worst. I knew there were problems, but I was not prepared for this.be prepared + to do sth.e.g.They were prepared to go to work in the countryside. I am not prepared to listen to all your weak excuses. They were prepared to be frie

17、ndly. 8make friends (with) （和）交朋友 课文原句：Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you dont know？ e.g.He is very friendly. Thats why he has made so many friends since he came.They wished to make friends with each other, but both of them were shy.If you go on doing thin

18、gs like this, you will make no friends. (you will make friends with nobody.) 9be nervous about 对感到焦虑、紧张不安课文原句：And are you nervous about the idea of being at a social event in another country？e.g.Nobody knows what she is nervous about. I dont think he will get nervous about driving again on that high

19、way. He is bold enough.10in addition 除此之外，另外 课文原句：In addition, you need to know how long you should stay, and when you have to leave.e.g.In addition, I need time to think it over. In addition, we should not neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.注意：in addition to意为“除之外”。 e.g.In

20、addition to the salary, we have a bonus every month.11get used to 习惯于 课文原句：I just needed a few seconds to get used to your voice. 辨析：be (get) used to doing/used to do/be used to do sth. （1）be(get, become) used to doing ( 变得 ) 习惯于做某事to是介词，后需用动词的话要用动词-ing形式。 e.g.She is used to this kind of job. I neve

21、r got used to going to bed so late. （2）used to do 过去常常 ( 做某事 ) ( 但现在已停止 ) e.g.He doesnt smoke these days, but he used to. The river in front of our village used to be clean. I used to play badminton in the afternoon. （3）be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 e.g.A pen can be used to write with. 12havein common有共

22、同之处课文原句：Because they used this very useful social technique, they found something they have in common. e.g.The twins have a lot in common.（have a lot in common） I think we have a lot of interests in common about the problem. （have a lot ofn. + in common） I havent much in common with you.二、句子解析 1It h

23、elps if you do a little advance planning. （1）do planning 作计划，准备do advance planning 预先计划一下，预先准备一下（2）在此句中，“It”指的是if you do a little advance planning。e.g.It will be a pity if you have to leave our company.2It is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. It is estimated that 据估计常见

24、句型：it is + adj./动词的过去分词+ that.。在该句型中，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，it是形式主语。e.g.It was reported that the bridge was completed two months earlier than planned. It is unusual that we have such hot weather this summer. that从句还可以用其他关系词来引导。e.g.It is doubtful whether they will finish the work on time. It has not been

25、decided who will go. It is still unknown when the conference will be held. 3Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room, or the caf or party, etc. （1）where引导定语从句修饰a situation。 （2）after引导时间状语从句。 （3）they both know是定语从句，修饰someone。因为作宾

26、语，故they前省略了关系代词whom.三、语法项目didnt need to do和neednt have done的区别 本模块的语法内容为didnt need to do和neednt have done，两者有相同和不同之处。相同点是：两者都表示过去时间内不必做一件事；不同点是：didnt need to do表示那件事不必做而且结果也是那件事的确没有做；而neednt have done表示虽然那件事不必做但结果是已经做了。请看一下例句：1It was Sunday. He didnt need to go to work. (So, he didnt go. He stayed h

27、ome or went somewhere else.)2That year, he was young and didnt need to serve in the army. (He was studying at school.)3The manager didnt need to do such things himself. (His assistants did things like that for him.)4The poor girl neednt have waited in the rain for so long. (Unfortunately she did it.

28、)5You neednt have said so much about your being late. (You kept explaining.)6They neednt have written the letter to the headmaster. (They wrote a letter to the headmaster, but it was not necessary.)四、典型例题讲解 1Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university.Alacked Blacking of Clacking D

29、lacked in 春上海卷答案：C2There was plenty of time. She _. Amustnt have hurried Bcouldnt have hurriedCmust not hurry Dneednt have hurried答案：D单项选择：1How long are you staying?I dont know. _.AThats OK BNever mindCIt depends DIt doesnt matter2Can you think out a situation _ this idiom can be used?Awhich BthatCw

30、here Dwith which3_ addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built in furniture，according to the functions that need to be served.AFor BInCAsDWith4 Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself.Aneednt do Bneednt have doneCmustnt do Dshouldnt have done5_ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.AWhat is required Bwhat requiresCIt is required DIt required6There used to be a map of the world o