1、英语重音位置音节数对英语重音位置也有明显的影响。第一种是单音节词。所有单音节词都是重读的。第二种是双音节词,双音节词的重音主要受词性影响,其次是前缀。如果该词是动词、形容词、介词,重音往往在第二个音节上,如果是名词,重音往往在第一个音节上。前一类如defend, irate, above,后一类如window,cable等等。下面几个具有双重词性的单词最具有启发性;作为动词,project(投射)、object(反对)、refuse(拒绝)、produce(生产)重音均在第二个音节上;作为名词,它们的重音都在第一个音节上(意思分别是项目、客体、垃圾、农产品)。前缀对双音节词影响较大,特别是a-
2、、be-和en-,以它们开头的词重音普遍在第二个音节。第三种是三音节和更多音节的词。这一类词的重音位置主要取决于后缀。简单来说吧,单音节单词如cup,pot没有重音,双音节重音在前面,三音节和在第二个音节开始重音,多音节要视情况而定重音和次重音,所以有的词变换了形式,比如economy和它的形容词economic就重音后移了,因为多一个音节了。但是这些规则只是笼统,或大多数,有特殊的很多要记的。比如interesting,重音在第一个,很多很多人都读重音在第二个一、归类部分 1重音落在末音节的字母组合 以-ee结尾,读音为/!?/的词汇: appellee chimpanzee confere
3、e contestee decree drawee evacuee em-ployee goatee grandee guarantee indictee inductee 以-act结尾,读音为/$kt/的词汇,多为动词: contact contract detract distract exact enact intact interact -air,-aire或-are结尾,读音为/#+/的词汇: affair concessionaire enclair millionaire aware prepare 以-ade结尾,读音为/eid/的词汇: arcade brigade col
4、onnade escalade escapade(exception:decade) 以-ane结尾,读音为/ein/的词汇: inane insane profane humane 以-ceive结尾,读音为/s!?v/的动词: conceive deceive perceive receive 以-duce结尾,读音为/dj(?s/的词汇: conduce deduce induce introduce reduce reproduce subduce traduceseduce 以-ease结尾,读音为/!?s/或/!?z/的词汇: appease decease decrease di
5、sease increase predecease release sub-lease surcease 以-een结尾,读音为/!?n/的名词: colleen canteen pretteen Salween shagreen thirteen spalpeenvelevteen yestreen 以-eer结尾,读音为/i+/的名词: cannoneer compeer domineer engineer fronteer gadgeteer gazetterpamphleteer patrioteer (11)以-ect结尾,读音为/ekt/的动词: affect bisect col
6、lect defect direct detect correct confect connectdisinfect eject elect (12)以-ede结尾,读音为/!?d/的动词: accede antecede concede impede intercede precede recede retrocedesecede supercede (13)以-end结尾,读音为/end/的动词: attend amend commend comprehend contend defend depend extendintend represend subtend (14)以-el结尾,读
7、音为/el/的词汇: compel impel Nobel marcel propel rebel(v) (15)以-ert结尾,读音为/+?t/的词汇: assert concert convert desert introvert subvert (16)以-ese结尾,读/!?s/或/!?z/的词汇: Chinese Japanese Napalese sudanese telegraphese vietnamese (17)以-clude结尾,读音为/kl(?d/的动词: conclude exclude include occlude preclude seclude (18)以-e
8、sce结尾,读音为/es/的词汇: coalesce deliquesce effloresce evanesce recrudesce (19)以-ess结尾,读音为/es/的动词: compress confess depress express impress profess redress represssuppress transgress 若不是动词,以-ess结尾,的词汇之重音位置不固定: progress congress process unless (20)以-est结尾,读音为/est/的动词: adjest congest contest digest infest p
9、rotest suggest (21)以-ette结尾,读音为/et/的词汇: cassette cigarette brunette coquette chemisette forssette frisettegazette grisette (22)以-form结尾,读音为/f&?m/的动词: conform perform reform transform(但uniform是名词) (23)以-ict结尾,读音为/ikt/的动词: afflict conflict constrict contradict inflict predict restric (24)以-ide结尾,读音为/a
10、id/的词汇: aside astride beside confide divide provide reside subside (25)以-ign结尾,读音为/ain/的动词: assign condign design consign resign (26)以-ire结尾,读音为/ai+/的动词: conspire esquire expire desire inquire inspire require respire (27)以-lapse结尾,读音为/l$ps/的词汇: collapse prolapse relapse (28)以-mit结尾,读音为/mit/的词汇: admi
11、t commit demit emit intermit omit permit pretermit remitsubmit transmit (若是名词,重音落在首音节,如:limit summit vomit) (29)以-ort结尾,读音为/&?t/的动词: disport distort escort export import report retort support trans-port (若是名词,重音多落在首音节:escort export import bistort purport等。) (30)以-ore结尾,读音为/&?/的词汇: afore before deplo
12、re explore restore (31)以-pose结尾,读音为/p+us/、/p+uz/的动词: depose decompose expose impose interpose oppose indispose predis-pose propose suppose (32)以-scribe结尾,读音为/skraib/的词汇: conscribe describe escribe prescribe subscribe transcribe (33)以-scend结尾,读音为/send/的词汇: ascend condescend descend transcend (34)以-oo
13、n结尾,读音为/(?n/的词汇: afternoon balloon buffoon cartoon cocoon decocoon dragoon festoongalloon octoroon pocaroon(exception:forenoon) (35)以-que结尾,读音为/k/的词汇: antique boutique blottesque burlesque arabesque cacique critiquegrotesque Japanesque mystique (36)以-r结尾,现在分词和过去分词均要双写r(-red,-ring): demur incur inter
14、 infer occur prefer recur refer transfer (37)以-uct结尾,读音为/)kt/的词汇: conduct construct deduct instruct obstruct product (38)以-ult结尾,读音为/)lt/的词汇: consult exult insult occult midcult result (39)以-ume结尾,读音为/j(?m/的词汇: assume consume perfume presume subsume (40)以-use结尾,读音为/j(?s/或/j(?z/的词汇: accuse confuse ex
15、cuse perfuse refuse suffuse transfuse (41)以-ure结尾,读音为/ju+/的词汇: accure impure immure insecure insure inure mature obscure per-dure procure secure(exceptions:epicure manicure) 2重音落在倒数第二个音节的字母组合: 以-ial结尾,读音为/+l/、/i+l/或/j+l/的词汇: /+l/:confidential decrial existential impartial inferential inffluentialini
16、tial prejudicial sacrificial substantial /i+l/:authorial bimestrial colloquial gressorial material mercurialministerial motorial pictorial prefatorial tectorial visitorial /j+l/:antimonial bicentennial colonial 以-ian结尾,读音为/+n/、/i+n/、/j+n/的词汇: /+n/:academician arithmetician acoustician electrician Eu
17、rasian Lin-guistician musician Persian politician practician /i+n/、/j+n/:Cantabrigian collegian Colombian historian rosarian salu-tatorian subclavian 以-ia结尾,读音为/i+/的词汇: 国名、地名:Australia Ethiopia Indonesia Malaysia Mauritania Roma-nia 医学:abulia achromatopsia acidemia acrophobia aerophobia bilharziains
18、omnia 其他:academia acedia cryptomeria razzia encyclopedia 以-ic结尾,读音为/ik/偶或包括以-ics结尾的词汇: atomatic atmospheric autarkic autographic ballistic climatic cosmeticenteric epidemic 以-ior结尾,读音为/i+/的词汇,形容词居多: inferior junior posterior prior senior superior ulterior 以-it结尾,读音为/it/的词汇: cohabit demerit discredit
19、 discomfit decrepit deposit explicit dispiritdisinherit inspirit inherit inhabit inhibit reposit transit visit 以-scence(n)或-scent(adj)结尾: acescence acquiescence deliquescence convalescence evanescence obso-lescence reminiscence renascence decrescent marcescent pubescent re-crudescent quiescent resip
20、iscent suffrutescent 以-ion或-sion结尾: accusaion abolition confusion explosion decision impression persua-sion excitation suggestion invitation 3重音落在倒数第三个音节的字母组合: 以-fy结尾,读音为/fai/的动词: acidify identify intensify emulsify lapidify personify qualify modifyprettify simplify transmogrify 以-ical结尾,读音为/ik+l/的词
21、汇: academical chemical electrical political periodical encyclical teleologi-cal inimical theoretical technological 以-icide结尾,读音为/isaid/的词汇: suicide aborticide acaricide foeticide fratricide herbicide infanticideliberticide uxoricide 以-itude结尾,读音为/itj%!d/的词汇: attitude decrepitude infinitude lassitude
22、 latitude platitude 以-ity结尾,读音为/iti/的词汇: ability curiosity civility facility fragility opportunity personalitypossibility sensitivity simplicity speciality utility vanity whimsicality 以-graph或-phy结尾,读音为/gr$f/或/fi/的词汇: aerography bibliography biography calligraphy chirography geographylexicography ph
23、otography planography telegraphy theosophy philosophy 以-ology结尾,读音为/&l+d*i/的词汇: aerology bibliology bryology crytology ecology Egyptology lexicologytechnology pestology psychology testaceology teleology theology zoology 以-otomy结尾,读音为/&t+mi/的词汇: neurotomy tenotomy tracheotomy trichotomy 以-ular结尾,读音为/
24、jul+/的词汇: biangular binocular consular insular intercelluar ocular orbicularpopular particular secular regular triangular 4词汇加了前缀后的重读位置 重读落在第一音节的词汇,加前缀后,重读位置不变: dazzlebedazzle operatecooperate forceenforce logicalillogical literateilliterate constantinconstant 重读落在第二音节的词汇,加前缀后,原重读位置不受影响,但前缀的字母组合作为一个
25、音节可重读或次重读: producereproduce graduatepostgraduate nationalinternational impressionismneo-impressionism (the only exception:finiteinfinie)按规则读就好英语重读规则 在西方语言中,英语是重音因素最为明显的一种语言。英语的重音位置似乎变化多端,难以把握,这对运用读音规则造成了很大困难。因为元音字母如何发音,基本取决于是否重读和音节性质(开音节、闭音节)两大因素。由于英语非重读音节中的元音发音规则相对简单,一旦重读音节中的元音发准了,英语单词的基本语音轮廓就勾勒出来了
26、。由此可见,判断重音位置是英语学习中一个无法绕过的拦路虎。音节数对英语重音位置也有明显的影响。下面我们分成三种情况考虑。第一种是单音节词。所有的单音节词都是重读的。第二种是双音节词。双音节词的重音主要受词性影响,其次是前缀。如果该词是动词、形容词、介词,重音往往在第二个音节上,如果是名词,重音往往在第一个音节上。前一类如defend,irate,above,后一类如window,cable等等。下面几个具有双重词性的单词最具启发性:作为动词,project(投射)、object(反对)、refuse(拒绝)、produce(生产)重音均在第二个音节上;作为名词,它们的重音都在第一个音节上(意思
27、分别是项目、客体、垃圾、农产品)。前缀对双音节词影响较大,特别是a-、be-和en-(有em-、in-、im-等多个变体),以它们开头的词重音普遍在第二个音节。differ的重音很特殊,它是动词,相同后缀的双音节动词(infer,confer,refer)重音都在后面,differ的重音却在前面,估计是为了与defer(遵从)相区分。第三种是三音节和更多音节的词。这一类词的重音位置主要取决于后缀。因此我们在下一部分单独分析。3、后缀与多音节单词重音为了论述的简洁,我们引入三个术语:ultimate末音节,penult次末音节,antepenult倒数第三音节。许多后缀对多音节英语单词重音位置的
28、影响是首位的、决定性的,也即是说无论原来的单词重音在什么位置,都必须按照后缀给定的规则加以更改。我们可以根据重音位置的不同,将英语中常见的后缀分成下面几类。1)ultimate末音节重音:比较常见的后缀有ade(如lemonade、blockade)、 eer(如engineer、pioneer、domineer)、ese(officialese, Chinese)、esque(arabesque)2)penult次末音节重音:最重要的是形容词后缀(也是名词后缀)-ic和名词后缀-ion,前者还有atic、etic、fic等多种扩展形式,后者有ation、faction、-fication、i
29、tion、-sion、-tion等多种扩展形式。对比geography / geographic、climate / climatic、sympathy / sympathetic;invite / invitation、satisfy / satisfaction、clarify/ clarification、compete / competition。但有几个常用的词是例外情况,catholic、lunatic、heretic、arithmetic和television(television的重音可以在penult上,也可在词首,因为这个词并不是动词+ion变来的,televise是后起的
30、)。其他常见的penult重音后缀有:ana(表示与某主题相关的所有事物,如Victoriana, Americana)、escence(表示过程,如convalescence,adolescence等等)、escent(与前一个后缀对应的形容词后缀,如adolescent)、i(表示国籍和语言,如Israeli,Pakistani等等)、ics(表示学科或其他,如economics,antibiotics、acrobatics,但是politics例外)、itis(表示炎症,如bronchitis、hepatitis、arthritis等等)。3)antepenult倒数第三音节重音:最重要
31、的后缀如下:a)-ial:如imperial、aerial、differential等等。对比manager / managerial,editor / editorial,influence / influential。b)-ous(扩展形式有-acious、aneous、-eous、-ious等等,其中-ous前的i和e都算一个音节):如sagacious、spontaneous、courageous、suspicious等等。c)-ity(扩展形式有acity、-aneity、bility、icity、ility、-uity等等,其中-ity前面的e、u都算一个音节):如sagacity、spontaneity、capability、futility、ingenuity等等。d)-ian(扩展形式有-arian、-ician等等):如humanitarian、Canadian、logician,对比mathematics / mathematician。e)ance, -ancy, -ence, -ency(抽象名词后缀):如excellence、vigilance、benevolence、consistency等等。f)-ant, -ent(与上一系列后缀相对应的形容
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