英语语法分析2.docx

1、英语语法分析2一、英语中的句子成份分析I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 状语一、主语：是一句的主体，是全句诉说的对象，常常利用名词、数词或代词担任（是全句谈论的中心话题）。例：(1) Students study.（名词） (2)We are fridends.（代词）(3)To go to good university is his first goal.（不定式）(4)Doing morning exercise is good for your health.（动名词）(5)Jane i

2、s good at playing the piano.(6)She went out in a hurry.(7)Four plus four is eight.(8)To see is to believe.(9)Smoking is bad for health.(10)The young should respect the old.(11)What he has said is true.二、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常常利用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面（主语做什么了、怎么了）。例：(1)Students study.（实意动词）(2)We are frie

3、nds.（be动词）(3)We love China.(4)We have finished reading this book.(5)He can speak English.（复合谓语）(6)She seems tired.(7)I saw the flag on the top of the hill.(8)He looked after two orphans.3、宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或代词担任，放在及物动词或代词以后（动作的对象，目标；位于及物动词以后）。宾语分为间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。例：(a)He gave me some books.间接宾语

4、直接宾语(b)Please pass me the book.(c)He bought me some flowers.(1)They are teachers.(2)I play with him.(3)We love watching football games.(4)He is dong her homework now.(5)I like my job.(6)I love you.(7)He wanted to leave here.(8)They enjoyed playing football games.注：位于介词以后的成份也称之为宾语。4、宾语补足语：是对宾语进行补充说明，

5、宾语和宾语补足语一路组成复合宾语。例：(1)I found the book interesting.(2)Do you smell something burning?(3)He made himself known to them.(4)She asked me to lend her a hand.(5)Please make yourself at home.(6)Please keep the dog out.(7)We must keep it a secret. 主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语变成主补。例：(1)I last saw him playing near the

6、river.He was last seen playing near the river.(2)The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam.The student was caught cheating in the exam.(3)We made him monitor.He was made monitor.(4)He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.五、定语：是用来讲明或限制名词的成份，常常利用形容词或相当于形容词的短语或从句担任（是用来讲明名词或代词性质特点的词）。

7、形容词放在名词前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词以后。例：(1)This is a red sun.(2)The black bike is mine.(3)He is a tall boy.(4)She is a chemistry teacher.(5)The man in bllue is my brother.(6)The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.(7)The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.六、状语：是用来讲明动词，形容词，副词、介词短语或整个句子的成份

8、，常由副词担任。修饰动词的能够放在动词之前，也能够放在动词以后；修饰形容词或副词的放在它们之前。例：(1)The students study hard.(2)I often write to him.(3)The bag is too heavy.(4)I will be back in a while.(5)They are playing on the playground.(6)He was late because he got up late.(7)He got up so late that he missed the train.(8)I waited to see you.(

9、9)He often went to school by bus.(10)His parents died,leaving him an orphan.(11)Please call me if it is necessary.(12)This book is very interesting.(13)He went to school in spite of his illness.(14)He always comes late to school.7、表语：系动词后的部份就是表语，表语是用来讲明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或形容词担任。常见的系动词有：be(am,is,are,were,

10、was),aapear,look,seemfeel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,go etc.系动词不用于被动语态。例：(1)This table is long.(2)The apple tastes sweet.(3)The war was over.(4)They seem to know the truth.(5)Time is precious.(6)Im not quite myself today.(7)Who was the first?(8)He is out of condition.(9)The boo

11、k is what I need.通常情形下，主语和宾语前的成份是定语，谓语前的成份是状语，时刻作状语放在句子的后面。（定语）主语（状语）谓语（定语）宾语（状语）。(1)(The tall)boy(often)go(to the big)zoo.(2)(The happy)child-went(his)home yesterday.英语句子成份歌： 英语句子八呀八大块， 主谓宾表真呀真实在； 补语随着宾语表语跑， 定语同位（语）专把名词踹。 状语的位置它无拘无束，忽右忽左为所欲为摆。 满身的毛病真呀真很多，前后乱窜它还会加塞。英语五种大体句型： 大体句型一：S+V （主+谓） 大体句型二：S+

12、V+P (主+系+表) 大体句型三：S+V+O (主+谓+宾) 大体句型四：S+V+o+O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 大体句型五：S+V+O+P (主+谓+宾+宾补)SVPoOC句型一ShecooksHeis workingWhat he saiddoes not matterThe penwrite smoothly句型二HeishappyEverythinglooksniceHis faceturnedred句型三WestudyEnglish everdayTheyare playingfootballHeenjoysreadingShesaid“Good morning”.句型四Igive

13、hima bookMy motherbroughtmea pen yesterdayIshowedhimmy pictureWemust keepthe dooropenThe newsmakesmehappyWe callhimJim He toldmeto wash the platesI sawa thieftgoing into your room二、从句从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独做一个句子。英语中主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，定语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句，包括时刻，结果，条件，目的，

14、原因，妥协，地址，方式等）1、主从作主语，例：That the earth is round is truth.2、宾从作宾语，例：Do you know where he lives?3、表从左表语，：My opinion is that you should not go alone.(一)主语从句一、一、概念：作句子主语的从句叫做主语从句。二、引导词：主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever和连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导，that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成份。例：(1)What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟咱们说什么，还不清楚。(2)Who will won the match is still unknown.谁能博得这场比赛还不得而知。(3)It is known to us how he became a writer.咱们都明白他是如何成为一名作家的。(4)Where the English evening will be held is has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在那里举行