考研英语翻译技巧之定语从句.docx

1、考研英语翻译技巧之定语从句考研英语翻译技巧之定语从句一、前置法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet。没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore。太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence。他那富有感染力的笑声打

2、破了沉寂。二、后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。(一)重复先行词。I told the story to John, who told it to his brother。他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged。在我们对特别委员会表示满意，特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。You, whose predecessors scored initial

3、 success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect。你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你们现在则在这一方面获得了更大的成就。Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area。他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。(二)省略先行词。ceived

4、the letter that announced the death of your uncle。是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased。他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。三、融合法：把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译。There is a man downstairs who wants to see you。楼下有人要见你。In our factory, there are many people who are

5、 much interested in the new invention。在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity。我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志She had a balance at her bankers which would have made her beloved anywhere。她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎四、状译法(一)译成表示“时间”的分句A driver who is dr

6、iving the bus mustnt talk with others or be absent-minded。司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。(二)译成表示“原因”的分句He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable。他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。(三)译成表示“条件”的分句Men become desperate for work, any work, which w

7、ill help them to keep alive their families。人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。(四)译成表示“让步”的分句He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子，。(五)译成表示“目的”的分句He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter。为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。He is

8、 collecting authentic material that proves his argument。为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料以。(六)译成表示“结果”的分句They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country。他们企图镇压反抗，结果反抗愈来愈烈，遍及全国。(七)译成表示“转折”的分句She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was。考研英语翻

9、译技巧之被动语态 2010年07月13日 17:12新东方在线一、译成汉语主动句保存原文主语The meeting is scheduled for April 6th。会议定于四月六日举行。Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid。水能从液体变成固体。When rust is formed , a chemical change has taken place。当锈形成的时候，就发生了化学变化。主宾颠倒She was given a new pen by her father。她爸爸送给她一支新钢笔。Heat and light can

10、be given off by this chemical change。这种化学反应能放出热和光。Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us。现在我们只能利用一小部分太阳能。Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country。我国已将通讯卫星用于实况转播。The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter。下一章提供了有关的

11、数据资料。增加主语The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored。人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed。有人看见她大致在案发时进入了那座建筑物。What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world。我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久记住。然而我们在这儿所做的事，却能改变世界。二、译成汉

12、语无主句Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading quickly。已经采取了措施来防止这种流行病迅速蔓延。Water can be shown as containing impurities。可以证明，水含有杂质。The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end。必须全部停止这种讨厌的噪声。三、译成汉语判断句The decision to attack was not taken lightly。进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。Printing was int

13、roduced into Europe from China。印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。The manuscript was sent to the printer in London a few weeks before the French revolution。手稿是在法国革命前几周寄往伦敦付印的。The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。四、译成汉语被动句使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为.。.所、由.。

14、.来”等等。The minister was found to have appropriated government money。部长被发现挪用公款。He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office。他因拒绝接受总公司的命令而被解雇了。The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street。那名男生在穿过街道时让一辆小公共汽车撞倒了。He was praised by his teacher。他得到了老师的表扬。Problem

15、s should be resolved in good time。问题应及时加以解决。For a long period to come, most of Chinas elderly will continue to be provided for by their families。在未来较长的一段时间里，中国的老年人仍旧要由家庭来赡养。五、常用被动句型“It+被动语态+that”的翻译It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject。有人认为，生物气候学是一门复杂的学科。It is stressed that the

16、 field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science。有人强调说，科学的范畴可以分成两个主要领域：自然科学和社会科学。It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation。应该指出，这一过程就是氧化。下面是一些常用被动句型的习惯译法：It is hoped that. 希望，有人希望It is assumed that. 假设，假定It is claimed that.据说，有人主张It is believed

17、that. 有人想信，大家相信It is reported that. 据报道，据通报It is considered that. 人们认为，据估计It is said that. 据说，有人说It is supposed that. 据推测，人们猜测It has been announced that. 已经宣布It is asserted that. 有人主张It is rumored that. 有人主张It is rumored that. 听说，谣传It is noticed that. 有人指出，人们注意到It is suggested that. 有人建议，建议It is rep

18、uted that. 人们认为，可以认为It is learned that. 据说，据闻，已经查明It is demonstrated that. 据证实，已经证明It is estimated that. 据估计，有人估计It is estimated that. 有人指出，人们指出It is pointed out that. 有人推荐，有人建议It is proposed that. 有人提出It was told that. 有人曾经说It was first intended that. 最初就有这样的想法It will be said that. 有人会说It will be s

19、een from this that. 由此可见，因此可知It was noted above that. 前面已经指出It must be admitted that. 必须承认，老实说It has been illustrated that. 据图示，据说明It is stressed that. 有人强调说It is stressed that. 有人列举出了It can not be denied that. 无可否认It can be said without exaggeration that. 可以毫不夸张的说It is sometimes asked that.。.人们有时会问

20、It was felt that. 有人认识到了It is universally accepted that. 人们普遍认为It is unanimously agreed that. 大家一致同意It is alleged that. 据说It is calculated that. 据计算It has been proved that. 已经证明It has been found that. 人们已经发现It is still to be hoped that. 我们仍然希望It is well-known that. 众所周知，大家都知道It should be realized th

21、at. 我们应该认识到考研英语翻译技巧之状语从句 2010年07月13日 17:10新东方在线一、时间状语从句在英语中，时间状语从句的连接词常常有：when(当.。.的时候)，whenever(每当.。.)，as(当.。.时)， since(自从.。.)，until(直到.，如果不.。.)，till(直到.。.)，before(在.。.前)，after(在.。.后)，as soon as(一.。.就)，once(一旦.。.)，the moment(一.。.就)，immediately(一.。.就)，the day(在.。.那天)，no sooner. than(一.。.就)，hardly(sc

22、arcely). when(一.。.就)，the instant(一.。.就)，instantly(一.。.就)，directly(一.。.就)，the minute(一.。.就)，the second(一.。.就)，every time(每当.。.)，by the time(等到.。.的时候)等。(一)译成相应的时间状语While she spoke, the tears were running down。她说话时，泪水直流。She came in when I was having supper。我正在吃饭的时候，她进来了。As he finished the speech, the a

23、udience burst into applause。他结束讲话的时候，听众掌声雷动。(二)译成“一(刚、每).。.就”的结构Ill let you know as soon as I have it arranged。我一安排好就通知你。Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence。他刚说出这些话，大家就沉默下来。(三)译成条件句Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine。如果机器发生故障，就把电门关上。A body at rest will

24、not move till a force is exerted on it。若无外力的作用，静止的物体不会移动。We cant start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned。如果没有有关当局的批准，我们不能开始这项工作。二、原因状语从句英语中，原因状语从句的连接词常常是：because(因为)，since(既然，由于)，as(因为)，now that(既然)，seeing that(既然)，considering that(考虑到，因为)，in that(在某方面)，in view of the f

25、act that(鉴于)。(一)译成表示“原因”的分句，放在主句之前翻译，显示“前因后果”的关系。The crops failed because the season was dry。因为气候干旱，作物歉收。We had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent。由于很多人没有来，会议只好延期。(二)有时候可以用汉语的“之所以.。.是因为”的结构来连接。A gas differs from solid in that it has no definite shape。气体不同于固体是因为(就在于)它没有固定的形状。He

26、will get promoted, for he has done good work。他将得到提升，因为他工作干得好。Theory is valuable because it can provide a direction for practice。理论之所以有价值，是因为它能给实践指出方向。(三)not.because的结构I dont teach because teaching is easy for me。我之所以教书并不是因为教书对我来说太容易三、条件状语从句英语中连接条件状语从句的连接词常常有：if(如果)，unless(除非，如果不)，providing that(假如)，

27、so long as(只要)，on condition that(条件是)，suppose that(假如)，in case(如果)，only if(只要)，if only(但愿，要是.。.就好了)等。(一)翻译在主句前面。It was better in case they were captured。要是把他们捉到了，那就更好了。If you tell me about it, then I shall be able to decide。假如你把一切都告诉我，那么我就能够作出决定。(二)翻译在主句后面，用来补充说明条件。You can drive tonight if you are r

28、eady。你今晚就可以出车，如果你愿意的话No doubt I could earned something if I had really meant to。毫无疑问，我本来是可以赚到一点的，如果我真有那样打算的话。四、让步状语从句英语中，表示让步关系的连接词常常有：though(虽然)，although(虽然)，even if(即使)，as(尽管)，while(尽管)，whatever(无论什么)，wherever(无论哪里)，whoever(无论谁)，however(无论怎样)，no matter(不论，不管)，for all that(尽管)，granted that(即使)，in s

29、pite of that fact that(尽管)，despite the fact that(不管)等等。No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks Im wrong。不管我说什么，也不管我怎么说，他说是认为我错了。While we can not see the air, we can feel it。我们虽然看不见空气，但却能感觉到它。Granted that you dont like the proposal, you shouldnt have rejected it without consulting others。即使你不喜欢这个建议，你也不应该没有同别人商量就把它否决了。五、目的状语从句在英语中，连接目的状语从句的连接词常常有：that(为了，以便)，so that(为了，以便)，lest(以防)，in case(以防，以免)，for fear that(以防)in order that(为了)等等。(一)一般翻译在主句前面。一般来说，这种表示“为了”的目的状语从句通常放在主句前面翻译。He pushed open the door gently and stole