高考英语语法归纳重点总结.docx

1、高考英语语法归纳重点总结高考英语语法归纳重点总结(1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照;正如”例：As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.正如(像) 你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。(2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ;否定式：not as/so - as例：He is as good a player as his sister.他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。(3) such + n. + as to do 如此以致于例：She is suc

2、h a fool as to believe what he said.她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此以致于例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。(5) such.as. 象之类的 (接名词或定语从句)例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。(6) the same +名词+as 和一样的 (接名词或定语从句)例：He is not the s

3、ame man as he used to be.他不是从前的那样子了。(7) as 引导非限制性定语从句例：As is known to us, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。(8)引导时间状语从句，与while意义相近例：We get wiser as we get older.随着我们长大，我们也变得越来越聪明。(9) 引导原因状语从句，与 because的用法相近例：As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.因为越来越迟了，所以我们不久就回来了。(10) 引导让步状语从句例：Child as he

4、is, he knows much about science.尽管他是一个小孩，但他对科学了解得很多。(1) prefer to do sth例：I prefer to stay at home.我宁愿呆在家里。(2) prefer doing sth例：I prefer playing in defence.我喜欢打防守。(3) prefer sb to do sth例：Would you prefer me to stay?你愿意我留下来吗?(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿.而不愿.例句：I prefer to stay at home

5、 rather than go out.我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去.(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth例：I prefer watching football to playing it.我喜欢看篮球，不喜欢打篮球。(6) prefer sth to sth例：I prefer tea to coffee.我要茶不要咖啡。(1) be doing sth.when.例：He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.他正笑着的时候门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。(2) be about to

6、 do sth . when .例：We were about to start when it began to rain.我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。(3) had just done . when .例：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝，电话铃就响了。(1) It +seems + that从句例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied.看来好像每个人都很满意。(2) It seems to sb that .例：It seem

7、s to me that she is right.我看她是对的，(3) There seems to be .例：There seems to be a heavy rain.看上去要有一场大雨。(4) It seems as if .例：It seemed that she couldnt come to class.看样子她不能来上课了。(1) She is taller than I by three inches.她比我高三英寸(2) There is one year between us.我们之间相差一岁。(3) She is three years old than I.她比我

8、大三岁。(4) They have increased the price by 50%.他们把价格上涨了50%(5) His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month.他的工资已经涨到了每月10,000元。(1) what 引导主语从句例：What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡。 indifferent adj.不关心的;冷漠的(2) what 引导宾语从句例：We can learn what we do n

9、ot know.我们能学会我们不懂的东西。(3) what 引导表语从句例：That is what I want.那正是我所要的。(4) what 引导同位语从句例：I have no idea what they are talking about.我不知道他们正在谈论什么。(1) too . to do .例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.(=Politics is so important that it cant be left to the politicians.)政治太重要了，不能由政治家来决定。

10、(2) only too . to do .例：I shall be only too pleased to get home.我要回到家里就非常高兴。(3) too + adj + for sth例：These shoes are much too small for me.我穿这双鞋太小了。(4) too + adj + a + n.例：This is too difficult a text for me.这篇课文对我来说太难了。(5) cant too +形容词 无论也不为过例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our e

11、yes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。(1) where 引导的定语从句例：This is the house where he lived last year.这就是他去年住过的房子。(2) where 引导的状语从句例：Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者事竟成。He left his key where he could find.他将钥匙放在易找到的地方。I will go where I want to go.我要去我想去的地方。(3) where 引导的表语从句例：This is where you are w

12、rong.这正是你错的地方。(1) wish that sb did sth 希望某人现在做某事例：I wish I were as strong as you.我希望和你一样强壮。(2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某人过去做某事例： I wish you had told me earlier要是你早点告诉我就好了。(3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人将来做某事例：I wish you would succeed this time.我希望你这次会成功。(1) would rather do sth than do s

13、th 宁愿做而不愿做例：She would rather die than turn against his motherland.她宁可死也不去背叛祖国。(2) would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事例：I would rather have taken his advice.我宁愿过去接受他的意见。(3) would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人过去做过某事例：I would rather I had passed the examination last week.我真希望通过上星期的考试。(4) would rather sb

14、did sth 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事例： Who would you rather went with you?你宁愿谁和你一起去?(1) before sb can/ could 某人还没来得及例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。(2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间例：It will be 4 years before he graduates.他还有四年时间便毕业了。(3) had done some time before (才)例：We had

15、sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。(4) had not done . before . 不到就例：We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。(5) It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就例：It wasnt two years before he left the country.还没到两年他们离开了那国家。(1) It is /was +被强调部分+that(who).例：It was I who w

16、rote to my uncle yesterday.是我昨天给我叔叔写信的。(2) Is/was it + 被强调部分 + that (who) .例：Was it your brother that you met in the street?在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗?(3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词 + is/was it that .例：How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?明天你究竟怎样去看望她?(4) do/does/did +谓语动词 (强调谓语)例：They do know the place

17、well.他们的确很熟悉那个地方。(1)would like to/ would love to have done sth.例：I would like to have written to you.我本想给你写信的。(2) was / were going to do sth.(用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么)例：Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.Lucy 原打算看一场篮球比赛。高考英语语法重点归纳重点一.非谓语动词一)不定式的常考形式：1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch

18、 up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前二)不定式常考的考点：1)不定式做定语-将要发生2)不定式做状语-目的3)不定式充当名词功能-To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词

19、 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性;+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调我见他正干活这个动作) 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfor

20、table.2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原toI d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesnt have to be made to learn.3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to

21、 do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to doforce sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to dobe ambitious to do. begin to do . start to doWe agreed _ here，but so far she hasnt turned up yet.(NMET1995)A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met (Key：C)五) 有的时候to后

22、面要接-ing形式accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/si

23、milar to.二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词1)是名词 seeing is believing2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.一)动名词的形式:一般形式：I dont like you smoking.完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.被动形式：This question is far from being settled.二) 动名词常考的点1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数2)在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形

24、式给出逻辑主语.I would appreciate_ back this afternoon.(MET 1992)A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.youre calling(Key：C your calling 也对)I regret not having taken your advice.4)有些词后只能接动名词admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispu

25、te; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; cant help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand.另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：its no g

26、ood; its no/little/hardly any/ use; its not/hardly/scarcely use; its worthwhile; spend money/time; theres no; theres no point in; theres nothing worse than; whats the use/point.三、一致关系一)主谓一致1. 主谓一致(与插入语无关)1主谓的分隔原则：主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。2定语从句中的主谓一致：3随前一致：n. + together with n2as well asincludingalong

27、withwith / ofaccompanied with / by4就近原则：n1 or n2 +v(就近原则)either n1 or n25可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)例外：war and peace is war and peace是一个整体但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念，同一人，同一事的时候，谓语动词用单数，这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.The head master and mathemati

28、cal teacher is coming.The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.类似的还有：law and order bread andbutter black and whiteTo love and to be loved is A lawyer and a teacher areA lawyer and teacher is 6随后原则：not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)7百分比结构：most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persentof+n1+v.(由n1决定8倒装结构的主谓一致：a)There be +n 由名词决定动词b)Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构：Among / Between +系动词+n. (由名词决定动词)9The+adj的主谓一致：a)当表示一类人，b)当表示某一抽象概念时The good is always attractive.10 To do/doing/主从+vs*More than one+nmany a +n.a day or two