空调工作过程和节能技术中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

1、空调工作过程和节能技术中英文对照外文翻译文献中英文对照外文翻译英文：How Air Conditioners Work and energy conservation technology researchAbstract： An air conditioner is basically a refrigerator without the insulated box. It uses the evaporation of a refrigerant, like Freon, to provide cooling. The mechanics of the Freon evaporation

2、cycle are the same in a refrigerator as in an air conditioner.Keywords： water towers 、weather-resistant、 compressor、energy conservationWhen the temperature outside begins to climb, many people seek the cool comfort of indoor air conditioning. Like water towers and power lines, air conditioners are o

3、ne of those things that we see every day but seldom pay much attention to. Wouldnt it be nice to know how these indispensable machines work their magic? In this article, we will examine air conditioners - from small to huge - so you know more about what youre seeing!The Many Faces of CoolAir conditi

4、oners come in various sizes, cooling capacities and prices. One type that we see all the time is the window air conditioner.Window air conditioners are an easy and economical way to cool a small area. Most people who live in suburban areas usually have one of these in their backyard:If you live in a

5、n apartment complex, this is probably a familiar sight: Most businesses and office buildings have condensing units on their roofs, and as you fly into any airport you notice that warehouses and malls may have 10 or 20 condensing units hidden on their roofs:And then if you go around back at many hosp

6、itals, universities and office complexes, you find large cooling towers that are connected to the air conditioning system:Even though each of these machines has a pretty distinct look, they all work on the same principles. Lets take a closer look.The Basic IdeaAn air conditioner is basically a refri

7、gerator without the insulated box. It uses the evaporation of a refrigerant, like Freon, to provide cooling. The mechanics of the Freon evaporation cycle are the same in a refrigerator as in an air conditioner. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online, the term Freon is generically used fo

8、r any of various conditioner. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online, the term Freon is generically used for any of various nonflammable fluorocarbons used as refrigerants and as propellants for aerosols.This is how the evaporation cycle in an air conditioner works (See How Refrigerators

9、 Work for complete details on this cycle):1.The compressor compresses cool Freon gas, causing it to become hot, high-pressure Freon gas (red in the diagram above).2.This hot gas runs through a set of coils so it can dissipate its heat, and it condenses into a liquid.3.The Freon liquid runs through a

10、n expansion valve, and in the process it evaporates to become cold, low-pressure Freon gas (light blue in the diagram above).4.This cold gas runs through a set of coils that allow the gas to absorb heat and cool down the air inside the building.Mixed in with the Freon is a small amount of a light we

11、ight oil. This oil lubricates the compressor.Window UnitsA window air conditioner unit implements a complete air conditioner in a small space. The units are made small enough to fit into a standard window frame. You close the window down on the unit, plug the unit in and turn it on to get cool air.

12、If you take the cover off of an unplugged window unit, you will find that it contains:A compressorAn expansion valveA hot coil (on the outside)A chilled coil (on the inside)A control unitThe fans blow air over the coils to improve their ability to dissipate heat (to the outside air) and cold (to the

13、 room being cooled).BTU and EERMost air conditioners have their capacity rated in British thermal units (BTU). Generally speaking, a BTU is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound (0.45 kg) of water 1 degree Fahrenheit (0.56 degrees Celsius). Specifically, 1 BTU equals 1,05

14、5 joules. In heating and cooling terms, 1 ton equals 12,000 BTU.A typical window air conditioner might be rated at 10,000 BTU. For comparison, a typical 2,000-square-foot (185.8 m2) house might have a 5-ton (60,000-BTU) air conditioning system, implying that you might need perhaps 30 BTU per square

15、foot. (Keep in mind that these are rough estimates. To size an air conditioner for your specific needs, contact an HVAC contractor.)The energy efficiency rating (EER) of an air conditioner is its BTU rating over its wattage. For example, if a 10,000-BTU air conditioner consumes 1,200 watts, its EER

16、is 8.3 (10,000 BTU/1,200 watts). Obviously, you would like the EER to be as high as possible, but normally a higher EER is accompanied by a higher price.Is the higher EER is worth it?Lets say that you have a choice between two 10,000-BTU units. One has an EER of 8.3 and consumes 1,200 watts, and the

17、 other has an EER of 10 and consumes 1,000 watts. Lets also say that the price difference is $100. To understand what the payback period is on the more expensive unit, you need to know:1.Approximately how many hours per year you will be operating the unit2.How much a kilowatt-hour (kWh) costs in you

18、r areaLets say that you plan to use the air conditioner in the summer (four months a year) and it will be operating about six hours a day. Lets also imagine that the cost in your area is $0.10/kWh. The difference in energy consumption between the two units is 200 watts, which means that every five h

19、ours the less expensive unit will consume 1 additional kWh (and therefore $0.10 more) than the more expensive unit.Assuming that there are 30 days in a month, you find that during the summer you are operating the air conditioner:Since the more expensive unit costs $100 more that means that it will t

20、ake about seven years for the more expensive unit to break even.See this page for a great explanation of seasonal energy efficiency rating (SEER).Split-system UnitsA split-system air conditioner splits the hot side from the cold side of the system。The cold side, consisting of the expansion valve and

21、 the cold coil, is generally placed into a furnace or some other air handler. The air handler blows air through ducts. The hot side known as the condensing unit, lives outside the building. The unit consists of a long, spiral coil shaped like a cylinder. Inside the coil is a fan, to blow air through

22、 the coil, along with a weather-resistant compressor and some control logic. This approach has evolved over the years because it is low-cost, and also because it normally results in reduced noise inside the house (at the expense of increased noise outside the house). Besides the fact that the hot an

23、d cold sides are split apart and the capacity is higher (making the coils and compressor larger), there is no difference between a split-system and a window air conditioner.In warehouses, businesses, malls, large department stores, etc., the condensing unit normally lives on the roof and can be quit

24、e massive. Alternatively, there may be many smaller units on the roof, each attached inside to a small air handler that cools a specific zone in the building.Lets take a look now at a chilled-water air conditioner.Chilled-water SystemIn larger buildings and particularly in multi-story buildings, the

25、 split-system approach begins to run into problems. Either running the pipe between the condenser and the air handler exceeds distance limitations (runs that are too long start to cause lubrication difficulties in the compressor), or the amount of duct -work and the length of ducts become unmanageab

26、le. At this point, it is time to think about a chilled-water system.In a chilled-water system, the entire air conditioner lives on the roof or behind the building. It cools water to between 40 and 45 F (4.4 and 7.2 C). This chilled water is then piped throughout the building and connected to air han

27、dlers as needed. There is no practical limit to the length of a chilled-water pipe if the system can be got well - insulated.Whenever you walk behind a building and find a unit that has large quantities of water running through a plastic mesh, you will know you have found a cooling tower!In many off

28、ice complexes and college campuses, cooling towers and air conditioning equipment are centralized, and chilled water is routed to all of the buildings through miles of underground pipes.Based on dynamic load track central air-conditioning system entire closed loop energy conservation technology rese

29、arch.1. introductionsThe energy conservation may say is the building character automatic control system starting point and the home to return to. It is well known, in the intelligent construction, HVAC (heating, ventilates and air conditioning) the system consumes to have to occupy the building cons

30、umption total energy enormous partial proportions, approximately about 50% 60%. Specially cold: East the unit, the cooling tower, the circulating water pump and the air conditioning unit, the new atmosphere unit, all are consumes energy the big household. Therefore really has essential develops one

31、effective air-conditioning system energy conservation method, especially uses is in improves in the existing building air-conditioning system automation the aspect. DDC (Directdigitalcontr01) the direct of numerical control, is a structure simple operation easy control device, it may borrow by the c

32、onnection switches over the equipment to make the systems control along with the load change, like the air conditioning cold water circulatory system, the air conditioning box frequency conversion automatic amount of wind adjustment and the cooling tower radiation ventilator frequency conversion holds controls and so on, may let an air-conditioning system more effective revolution, like this, not only brings the very big economic efficiency for the estate management, moreover also may cause the system to move under a better operating mode, thus lengthens the equipment