第15讲动名词新新人教版初高中英语衔接 高一英语解析版.docx

1、第15讲动名词 新新人教版 初高中英语衔接 高一英语解析版动名词 + 题型组合练第15讲知识梳理 一、动名词的形式动名词的形式：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。 语 态 形式主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式：not + 动名词二、动名词的用法动名词句法功能：动名词在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语1. 动名词作主语 动名词作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把动名词置于句首。如： Learning new words is very useful to me。(2)用

2、it作形式主语，把真正的主语置于句后，常用于下列句式中：It + is+ no good, no use, a waste of time/money, fun, useless, nice, boring, foolish +doing：It is fun doing shopping in small markets.注意：important, necessary, essential, impossible等形容词后只能用不定式。注意2：1）动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数； 2）当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致原则，主语和表语在形式上要 求统一： Seeing is

3、believing. To see is to believe.2. 动名词作宾语 句型一：动词+动名词充当宾语在一些动词后只可以用动名词做宾语而不可以用不定式做宾语例如：admit; advise; risk finish, stop, cant help, consider, advise, practice, miss, imagineNowadays, many people are considering going abroad for further study. 必背动词admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免forbid 禁止consider考虑delay

4、耽误deny 否认detest 讨厌endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢escape 逃脱fancy 想象finish 完成imagine 想象mind 介意miss 想念postpone推迟practice 训练recall 回忆propose 建议resume 继续resist 抵抗risk 冒险suggest 建议keep 继续include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解forgive 宽恕recommend推荐advise建议involve涉及mention提及resist 抵制permit 默许allow 允许必背：带介词to的短语跟动名词:be used to 习惯

5、; be equal to 胜任 ; be given to 沉溺于; be opposed to 反对; be related to与有关; devote oneself to 献身于; get down to 着手做; give rise to 引起; lead to 导致; look forward to 盼望; object to 反对; pay attention to 注意; put ones mind to 全神贯注于; stick to 坚持 be reduced to 沦落为句型二：sb+think/consider/find/feel like/+it（形式宾语）+usel

6、ess/no use/no good(宾补)+doing.例：I found it useless arguing about it.Do you consider it worth buying a house in the country?句型三：主动形式表被动意义：need, want, require, deserve, worth 等词后面，通常接动名词的主动形式来表达被动意义：如：1) The grass needs cutting =The grass needs to be cut; 2) Many nurses were worth praising because they

7、 did a good job in the Asian tsunami 3) Many nurses deserved praising(to be praised) because they did a good job in the Asian tsunami注：need, want, require, deserve+ doing = need, want, require, deserve+ to be done句型四：作介词的宾语，放在类似于be afraid of, be/get used/accustomed to, think of, be fond of, feel lik

8、e, give up, look forward to, pay attention to, have trouble/difficulties in , insist on , persist in, put off 等的词组后作宾语。注意：介词+动名词一起充当主句状语时，动名词的逻辑主语应与主句主语一致。1）We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.2）Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?3）He came to the party without bein

9、g invited (with+动名词构成伴随状语).4）The driver was fined for having drunk while driving (for+动名词构成加原因状语). 句型五：There is + no good/no use/no point+(in) doing，“做某事没有好处、用处、意义”There is no good (in) doing so much homework every day without thinking if it is worthwhile.注意：(1) 在There be句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语：There

10、is no telling what will happen. There is no joking about such matters.(2)动名词前的介词有时可以省略，如：have difficulty (in) doing, have no trouble (in)doing, prevent/stop(from)doing, there is no use(in)doing等。句型六：作形容词的宾语，通常用在be worth doing, be busy doing的句型中：The music is well worth listening to more than once.We

11、are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.3. 动名词作表语 例：My favourite sport is swimming。注：job, work, hobby做主语时，表语用动名词。例：My job is teaching。 动名词做表语时要注意与进行时态区分，例：She was washing clothes。Her job was washing clothes。4.动名词作定语 动名做定语置于名词前，说明所修饰词的性质以及用途，具有名词性质。例：a washing machine=a machine for washing=a ma

12、chine which is used for washingsleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping5. 作同位语The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。三、不定式和动名词的区别 A.从含义上，不定式：具体某一次的动作； 动名词：抽象的一般行为、习惯例如：I love swim

13、ming, but I dont love to swim in this dirty river. 注意：平衡原则：当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式。To live is to struggle.Seeing is believing. B. 作主语时：动名词：表抽象和经验不定式：表具体动作Smoking is prohibited here. (抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在高峰时刻开

14、车令人厌烦。 (经验) It took me only five minutes to finish the job.（具体）C. 接不定式和动名词作宾语含义不同的词组 forget, remember + to do（忘记/记得去做某事）forget, remember + doing/having done （忘记/记得做过某事） regret + to do(tell, say, inform, announce等)（很遗憾地）regret + doing/having done（后悔做过某事） mean + to do （打算做某事） mean + doing （意味着 ） try +

15、 to do（设法/尽力做某事） try + doing （试着做某事）stop/go on + to do （停下/继续去做另一件事） stop/go on + doing （停止/继续正在做的事）cant help + doing= cant help but do （禁不住 ） cant help + to do（不能帮助干 ） consider + doing （考虑做某事） consider + to do/be （认为）经典精讲语法单句填空1. Young people may risk _(go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud mus

16、ic every day.【答案】 going【解析】 本题考查动词非谓语中分词的使用。risk doing sth. 意为“冒险去做某事”。When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _(think) of the right things to say. 【解析】 固定搭配have trouble/ difficulty ( in ) doing sth. 做某事有困难。3.Its no use _(complain) without taking action.【答案】complaining【解析】Its no use doing

17、 sth.的固定句式结构，意为“做某事无用”。相类似的句式结构还有: Its no point doing sth. Theres no need to do sth.4. I had great difficulty (find)the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.【答案】finding【解析】 固定搭配have trouble/ difficulty ( in ) doing sth. 做某事有困难。5. Bill suggested _ (hold)a meeting on what to do for the Shangha

18、i Expo during the vacation.【答案】 holding【解析】 suggest后面要跟名词或动名词做宾语。6.Something as simple as _(drink) some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure. 【答案】drinking【解析】 动名词做主语。7.We were lucky that we just escaped _(catch)in the rain 【答案】being caught【解析】escape后面要跟名词或动名词做宾语。这里要考虑到动名词被动语态。8. We ap

19、preciate their_(invite) us to the ball.【答案】. inviting 【解析】动名词复合结构。9. The thief drove as fast as he could to avoid _ （catch）by the police.【答案】being caught 【解析】动名词被动形式。10.I cant remember her face now but (recall)the incident makes me happy.【答案】.recalling【解析】句意:现在我不记得她的样子,但回忆这件事会让我感到快乐。句中but是连词,连接并列句;后

20、一分句中缺主语,故填recalling。此处用动词的-ing形式做主语。11.Its quite hot today.Do you feel like (go) for a swim?【答案】.going【解析】feel like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”,故用动词-ing形式。实战演练I. 动名词的适当形式填空：1. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (walk)2. I cant understand your _ at that poor child. (laugh)3. With the boy le

21、ading the way, we had no difficulty _ his house. (find)4. To make a living, he tried writing, _, and various other things, but he had failed in all. ( paint)5. She prided herself on _to work in Beijing. (send)6. She was praised for _ the life of the child. (save)7. She ought to be praised instead of

22、 _. (criticize).8. Is there any possibility of our _ the championship? (win)9. He came to the party without _. (invite)10. There is no _ what will happen in the future. (know)11. Ill never forget _ the musical comedy in New York. (see)12.I remember _ to Beijing when I was a child. (take)13. He pause

23、d and went on _ the text to us. (explain)14.On _ the news, she couldnt help crying. (hear)15. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (persuade)答案：1. Walking 2.laughing3. finding 4. painting5.being sent 6. having saved7.being criticized8.winning 9.be

24、ing invited 10. knowing 11. having seen12. being taken 13. explaining 14. hearing 15. being persuaded II翻译下列句子（注意动名词用法）1. 勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。（infect）1. 充分利用时间并不意味着从早到晚不停地看书。（keep）2. 长时间看电视有损视力。（do harm）3. 晚饭后看一会儿电视已成了我长期养成的一个习惯。(habit)4. 吃太多的甜食容易使人发胖。(likely)5. 很多人身体有疾病时才认识到保持健康的重要性。（not until）6. 已经采

25、取新措施来防止这种疾病蔓延。(prevent)7. 我们按照警察的指点，很容易地找到了要去的地方。(difficulty)8. 在冬天的夜晚我宁愿待在家里。(prefer)9. 我真的很感激在这个愉快的周末有时间和你一起放松。(appreciate)参考答案：1. Washing hands often/ frequently / regularly is one of the effective ways to avoid being infected by disease(s).2. Making full use of time doesnt mean keeping on readin

26、g books from morning till night.3. Watching too much TV does harm to ones eyes./Watching TV for a long time does harm to ones eyes.4. Watching TV for a while after supper has been my long established habit.5. Eating too much sweets is likely to make one fat.6. Many people are not aware of the import

27、ance of being healthy/keeping fit until they are 7. New measures have been taken to prevent this kind of disease (from) spreading. 8. Following the policemans direction, we had no difficulty in finding the place we wanted to go. 9. I prefer staying indoors on cold winter evenings./ I prefer to stay

28、indoors on cold winter evenings10. I really appreciate having time to relax with you on this nice weekend.能力训练.阅读理解AWith fast food and convenience at our fingertips on every corner and at every turn, it is becoming increasingly hard to stay in shape. Staying healthy has been more and more difficult

29、for many of the common people. To oppose this we would like to arm you with four ways of staying healthy and feeling great. You really are what you eat.Its true, and theres no way around it. You cant be sitting there staring at that plate of fried chicken, hoping that you will feel amazed later in t

30、he day. We have to be in reality about what we eat. If we are putting dead and fried food in our bellies, what is going to come out is exhausted energy and illness. Enjoy the sun. Enjoy the sunshine, or the wind or cold for that matter. In other words, get outside. Take a walk. Do it every single da

31、y. You dont have to be doing intense and heavy runs day in and day out, but you do need to be moving. You see, a healthy metabolism(新陈代谢)will only come from an active lifestyle. Those who have a sedentary living, sitting in office chairs or hardly moving, will have bodies adapted to that lifestyle. But if your body thinks that it n