二轮复习考点理清八突破名词的单复数和构词法 无答案.docx

1、二轮复习考点理清八突破名词的单复数和构词法 无答案2019届二轮复习考点理清(八)突破名词的单复数和构词法锁定高频考点一、语法填空中的常考点1名词的复数形式(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _(cause)(2018浙江高考)Makin

2、g Chinese _ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(2017全国卷)She has turned down several _(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2016全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few _ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, the other is with mum she nev

3、er suspects.(2016全国卷)Recent _ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.(2015全国卷)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese

4、 _ (painting)2派生出的名词(2018全国卷)This switch has decreased _ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.(2018全国卷)My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a _ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.(2017全国卷)This development was only possible with the

5、_(introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.(2017全国卷)She is determined to carry on with her _ (educate)(2016全国卷)But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _ (attract)(2016全国卷)Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _ (achieve)(2015全国卷)In addition to their si

6、mple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.二、短文改错中的常考点1名词的单复数(2018全国卷)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.(2018全国卷)After supper, we would play card games

7、 of all sort in the sitting room.(2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！”“Slow down！” “Turn left！”(2016全国卷)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.(2015全国卷)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.(2015浙江高考)My old classroom was int

8、eresting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.(2014辽宁高考)Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking.2不可数名词(2017全国卷)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.(2016全国卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we ca

9、nnot get from books.3词性误用(2016全国卷)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.4名词作定语(2018全国卷)When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night.5.抽象名词I dont think the experiment is failure.At least we have gained experience.6.名词所有格I was invited to dinner at the Green last night.M

10、y views are quite different from my father.考情聚焦语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词；有的还要结合语境分析句子成分，判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。强化解题知能(一)根据修饰词确定名词的单复数形式1不定冠词a, an后用名词单数形式。2有the

11、se, those, several, many, all, both等词修饰时名词用复数形式。3名词前有one of 时用名词复数形式。(二)根据谓语动词确定名词的单复数形式如果空格处作主语，且谓语动词是单数形式，则空格处应填名词单数形式；若谓语动词是复数形式，则空格处应填名词复数形式。(三)根据名词复数变化规则正确书写名词复数形式1规则名词的6种复数变化形式变化规则例词一般情况下在词尾直接加smouthmouths以s, x, ch，sh 结尾的名词在词尾加esglassglassesmatchmatches以辅音字母y 结尾的名词变y为i再加escountrycountriesfacto

12、ryfactories以元音字母y 结尾的名词在词尾直接sholidayholidaysmonkeymonkeys以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加sphotophotos有些在词尾加espotatopotatoes以f, fe结尾的名词一般要变f或fe为vesselfselveswolfwolves少数直接加sbeliefbeliefs2.不规则名词的3种复数变化形式变化规则例词单复数同形deer, sheep, means, series, Chinese, Swiss, aircraft, spacecraft变内部元音footfeet, toothteeth, manmen, womanwom

13、en外来名词mediummedia媒体phenomenonphenomena现象analysisanalyses分析(四)牢记常见的不可数名词一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。通常只用作不可数的名词有：milk, music, homework, housework, weather, news, butter, information, knowledge, bread, advice, progress, orange(橙汁), equipment, meat, fun, luggage, luck, work(工作), traffic,

14、furniture, wealth, word(消息), room(空间), man(人类)等。(五)运用构词法知识，掌握派生出来的名词1动词变名词的后缀后缀例词ion/tion/sion/ationcorrectcorrection改正celebratecelebration 庆祝；庆祝会attractattraction 吸引graduategraduation 毕业concludeconclusion 结论；结束discussdiscussion 讨论；辩论decidedecision 决定admitadmission 接纳；准许入学inviteinvitation 邀请explaine

15、xplanation 解释expectexpectation 期望er/ordrivedriver 司机；驾驶员gathergatherer 收集者；采集者teachteacher 老师announceannouncer 广播员conductconductor 指挥；售票员mentpunishpunishment 惩罚achieveachievement 功绩；成就argueargument 辩论；论据treattreatment 对待；治疗equipequipment 装备；设备governgovernment 政府ance/enceappearappearance 出现；外貌guidegu

16、idance 指引；指导performperformance 表演；节目existexistence 存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱referreference 参考；查阅inghearhearing 听力；听觉beginbeginning 开始ure/turefailfailure 失败；倒闭presspressure 压力departdeparture 离开；出发mixmixture 混合；混合物yrecoverrecovery 恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现其他choosechoice 选择varyvariety 多样化；种类tendtendency

17、 趋向；趋势2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshortshortage 不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency 效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密domfreefreedom 自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧encedifferentdifference 差异silentsilence 沉默nessweakweakness 虚弱；弱点kindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意thstrongstrength 力气；强项warmwa

18、rmth 温暖；热情y/ty/ityhonesthonesty 诚实difficultdifficulty 困难cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴safesafety 安全disabledisability 无能；伤残responsibleresponsibility 责任3.表示“人”的名词后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有：后缀例词ercleancleaner 清洁工reportreporter 记者strangestranger 陌生人orinventinventor 发明者visitvisitor 游客directdirecto

19、r 导演arlieliar 说谎者begbeggar 乞讨者，乞丐eeemployemployee 雇员interviewinterviewee 参加面试者traintrainee 受训者，学员esshosthostess 女主人actactress 女演员ianmusicmusician 音乐家politicspolitician 政治家historyhistorian 历史学家istartartist 艺术家sciencescientist 科学家pianopianist 钢琴家antserveservant 仆人participateparticipant 参加者assistassist

20、ant 助手，图书管理员(六)根据作定语的性质区分名词作定语以及名词所有格作定语1名词作定语往往说明其名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等；cotton goods 棉织品bus driver 公交车司机Beijing University 北京大学evening suit 晚礼服weather forecast 天气预报2名词所有格作定语往往表示所属关系。the students books 学生们的书名师点津表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构、节日等的名词通常用s所有格 表示。Beijings parks 北京的公园the factorys output 工厂的产量课时跟踪检测.单句语

21、法填空1(2019届高三兰州模拟)English and math are usually such courses and often a history and a _ (scientific) course are required too.2(2019届高三大庆模拟)Beijing Opera roles require performers to paint their faces in patterns and colors to represent different character types and _ (quality)3(2019届高三成都模拟)Nearly half

22、 of the high school _(graduate) in America go on to college.4(2018福建师大附中5月模拟)Aiming to carry forward the spirit of peace, cooperation, openness and inclusiveness (包容) for shared benefits through concrete projects, the New Silk Road has already received a warm response from more than 60 countries and

23、 a number of international _ (organization)5(2018绵阳模拟)Her_ (willing) to stand up for justice has been an inspiration.6(2018双流中学模拟)The _ (invent) of parkour (跑酷) cant be given to one person because many people have worked on it.7(2018双流中学模拟)In this way, parkour allows one to deal with_ (difficulty) i

24、n daily life if he or she deals with them through parkour.8(2019届高三佛山模拟)If you wake up to a fire, you may be blinded and confused about where you are or in which _ (direct) you should go.9(2018廊坊模拟)Perhaps you will be choosing classes, and taking part in other activities (activity)10(2018南充模拟)Howeve

25、r, in the _(begin)，only three colors were used red, white, and black.单句改错1(2019届高三肇庆模拟)About one fourth of them choose teachers and parents as their ideal listener just because they have many experiences.2(2019届高三银川模拟)Every year I spend my holidays in the countryside in my grandparents cottage. 3(20

26、18兰州一中考前冲刺)Whats worse, the drivers informations might be unreliable.4(2018福建师大附中5月模拟)When I was 12, I believed honest should always be rewarded.5(2018昆明模拟)We finished off the day by going shopping, and they bought some paper cuts as souvenir.6(2019届高三玉溪模拟)With his encourage, I decided to have a try

27、. 7(2018六安模拟)Not only can doctors save peoples life but also they are doing a respectable job.8(2018临沂模拟)Seconds later, the noise of thunder broke the silent. 9(2018闽侯模拟)To earn money for hundreds of new bike, Katie launched an online page, and finally raised enough money to pay for them.10(2018益阳模拟)We can share everything about our life on it with our friend.