小升初英语讲义史上最全.docx

1、小升初英语讲义史上最全小升初英语基本语法与练习一、名词的数在英语中，名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数名词表示一个可数事物。复数名词表示两个或两个以上的可数事物。可数名词可分为单数和复数两种形式：表示一个人或事物的名词用单数形式，在使用时，前面一般加不定冠词a或an，表示两个或两个以上的人或事物的名词用复数形式,一般是在词干后附加词尾s 或es,如：bags ,boxes.名词单数变复数具体规则如下：1).规则变化一般在名词后加s.如boyboys, penpens等。以s, x, sh, ch结尾的，在后面加es.如classclasse

2、s,但stomach的复数为stomachs.以辅音字母+y结尾的，y变为i，然后再加es.如babybabies.以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为v, 再加es. 如knife, half, leaf, wolf等。以o结尾的名词，除tomato, potato等少数在后面加es外，一般是在后面直接加s.如kilokilos, photophotos, zoozoos, radioradios, pianopianos, videovideos.2).不规则变化 manmen, womanwomen, footfeet, toothteeth,，child-children，mousemi

3、ce 单复数形式相同如：sheepsheep, deerdeer, JapaneseJapanese, ChineseChinese等。 有些名词形式上是单数，实为复数意义，通常被称为复数名词，如：people, police等。 由-man和-woman构成的合成词如：policemanpolicemen, EnglishmanEnglishmen，Englishwoman-Englishwomen但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans.另外被man 或woman 修饰的名词变复数时，两个名词都要变。例：a man doctor two men doctorsa woman t

4、eachersome women teachers 但: apple treeapple trees 有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes, trousers, glasses, chopsticks等。数词+名词作定语时， 常采用数词+单数名词形式，如a two-week holiday,an 8-year old girl.另一种常见的形式有five minutes walk, two days leave等。3）不可数名词没有单复数形式，要表示不可数名词的数量，可用以下两种方法。用much, a little, a lot of /lots of some, any等修饰不可数名词。

5、如：The rich man has a lot of money.可用表单位的词修饰不可数名词， 如：a piece of paper, two pieces of paper,a bottle of orange, a glass of milk, three bags of rice。二、名词的格1）表示有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格一般在名词后加s .如：my fathers study以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加 如： the teachers reading room 教师阅览室;不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加s.如：the womens shoes 女式鞋

6、子。如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加s。如果不是共有的，则两个名词之后都要加s .如：Jane and Helens room 珍妮和海伦的房间(共有)Bills and Toms radios 比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机（不共有）2）表示无生命的东西，一般用 of+名词的结构。如：a map of China练习：I.写出下列名词的复数形式。1.watch _ 11.strawberry _2.child _ 12.thief _3. photo _ 13.girl student_4.diary _ 14.man doctor_5.day_ 15.woman nurse_6

7、.foot_ 16.pear tree_7.book_ 17. peach_8.dress _ 18. box_9.tooth_ 19. baby_10. deer_ 20. German_II. 翻译下列词组。1.一些桃子 _ 10.我的自行车_2.五袋大米_ 11.教师节 _3.八只脚 _ 12.三八妇女节_4.二十颗牙齿_ 13. 二张纸 _5.三瓶果汁 _ 14.四个男医生_6.四十个女警察_ 15.七颗梨树 _7.十二把小刀_ 16.一副世界地图_8.九个德国人_ 17.Helen的朋友9.许多孩子 _ 18.双胞胎的妈妈_III. 按要求改写下列句子。1. There is an

8、orange tree in the garden.（改为复数句）_2. She is a good teacher. （改为复数句）_3. I have some interesting story books. （改为单数句）_4. There are some women teachers over there. （改为单数句）_5. -What is it? -Its a box. （改为复数句）_IV. 单项选择。( )1.Mr Smith is _father. They are twin sisters.A. Mary s and Johns B. Marys and John

9、C. Mary and Johns( )2.She needs _.A. a glass water B. two glasses of water C. two glasses of waters( )3.There are five_ in our school.A. woman teacher B woman teachers C. women teachers( )4.There are many _ in the fridge.A. food B.bread C. vegetables( )5.Im thirsty. I think Ill buy some_.A. water B.

10、 eggs C. cakes( ) 6.John bought _ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoe( )7. -What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -Id like_. !A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken( )8. There are five _in our factory.A. woman drive

11、r B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers( )9. The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_.A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walkC. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk( ) 10. _ turn yellow in autumn.A. Leaf B. Leaves C. Leave D. Leafs( ) 11. Will you please show me th

12、e way to the _ shop?A. shoe B. shoes C. shoes D. shoes( )12. _ hard work it is!A. What a B. How C. What D. How a( )13. His family _ a happy one.A. be B. are C. is D. was( ) 14. I met two _ in the street yesterday morning.A. German B. Australian C. American D. Japanese( ) 15. My grandparents like _ v

13、ery much, so they grow some in their _ garden every year.A. vegetable, vegetable B. vegetable, vegetablesB. C. vegetables, vegetables D. vegetables, vegetableV.用所给单词的正确形式填空。1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.4. There i

14、s a lot of_(water) in the bottle.5. There are five_(people ) in his family.6. Lets take_(photo), OK?7. I have lots of_(tomato) here.8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn yellow.9. Their_(dictionary) look new.11. There are many_(fox) in the picture.12.Different people may have different _(idea).13.Would you

15、 like some _(tomato)?14. Jim has some _(knife).15. The girl under the tree is a friend of _(Lucy).小升初英语基本语法与练习二 代词知识要点代词是用来代替人、事物等名词的词。（1）人称代词1.人称代词有人称、数和格之分，在句子中作主语用主格，作宾语或表语用宾格。2.在比较句型中的连词后，可以用主格也可用宾格。3.句子中同时有几个人称代词出现时，一般按第二人称、第三人称、第一人称的顺序。（2）物主代词1.形容词性物主代词y与名词性物主代词关系为：名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。2.双重所有格：

16、名词+of +名称性物主代词. Ann is a friend of my mothers.3.名词性物主代词用在比较句型中表示与前文中的比较对象相呼应。My father is older than yours.(yours 指的是your father)我 我们 你 你们 他 她 它 他们主格 I we you you he she it they宾格 me us you you him her it them形容词性物主代词 my our your your his her its their名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its their

17、s反身代词 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves（3）指示代词：指近处：thisthese 指远处：thatthose（4）反身代词：在英语中用来表示“我自己，、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我们自己”、你们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词。反身代词常用的固定短语有by myself, enjoy oneself, help oneself to,等(5) 疑问代词：疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的，疑问代词一般位于句子开头。常用的有who, whom, whose, which, what等.练习：

18、I 用相应的人称代词替换下列单词或词组1.Lucy_ 6.Mikes father and mother_2.Mr White_ 7.you and Sue _3.the man _ 8. the desk _4.Mary and I_ 9. Mrs Green _5. Ed and Jim _ 10. many sheep _II. 用适当的人称代词填空。1.Thats Toms book. Please give _ to _.2.Theyre new students here. Would you please look after _?3.His sister is a nurse

19、in the hospital. Do you know_?4.This is a bedroom, there is a bed in _.5._ is a tall and pretty girl.III. 用适当的物主代词填空。1.Look, this is _ new bike. I like it very much.2.We have two new friends, _ names are Sam and Tim.3.You must look after _ things.4.Mary usually goes shopping with_ parents.5.Look at

20、_ school, its big and beautiful. We love it very much.IV.根据所给汉语完成句子。1.Which story is better, _( 你的 ) or _( 他的 )?2.Look! That is _( 我的 ) bike. Where is _(你的 )?3._( 我们的)house is larger than _.( 他们的 ).4.I have a cat. _( 它的 )name is Mimi.5.These are _( 她的)books, _( 他的) are over there.6._is a boy. _ name

21、 is David. (he)7. _ is a nice girl, _ name is Jenny. (she)8.Is _ English name Francisco? (you)9.What is _ phone number? (he)10.How do _ spell _ name? (you)11. _ sister is a teacher. (she)V. 用适当的指示代词(this, that, these, those)填空。1. _ pens are mine. Those are yours.2. -Whats _ over there? - Its a car.3

22、.Look, _ ruler is longer than that one.4.-Hello! Whos _ speaking? - Hello! _ is Mary speaking.5.Wang Lin, _ is my brother Mike.VI. 用适当的疑问词填空。1. -_ are you doing? - Im reading books.2. -_T-shirt is this? - Its Toms.3. _ do you like better, this one or that one?4. -_is the man in the car? - Hes my unc

23、le.5. -To _ did you talk last night? - My classmate , Jim.VII.单项选择。( )1. These are _ oranges. Those are _ oranges.A. my, yours B. his, her C. ours, their( )2. _ are in the same class. _ Chinese teacher is Miss Gao.A. Their, Their B. We, Their C. They, their( ). 3_ is a good teacher. _ all like _.A.

24、He, They, her B. She, They, him C. She, We, her( )4. Mr Green teaches_ English. He likes_ very much.A. us, them B. them, they C. me , me( )5. _are in the same school.A. I, you and he B. you, he and I C. He, I and you( )6 .I met Kate on way home yesterday .A .my B .me C .his D .him( )7 .Kate and her

25、sister went on holiday with a classmate of .A .her B .hers C .their D .theirs( )8 .-Which of these two sweaters will you take ?-Ill take .They look nearly the same ,and I just need one .A .both B .either C .none D .all( )9 .He has two basketballs .One is new , is old .A .the other B .other C .the others D .others( )10 .I have bought a new watch because my old doesnt work .A .it B .one C .that D .this( )11 .-Can you speak Russian ? -Yes ,but only .A .l