高三英语一轮总复习专题21CultureRelics句型语法.docx

1、高三英语一轮总复习专题21CultureRelics句型语法专题2.1 Culture Relics【学以致用】三、重点句型剖析1. Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. 普鲁士国王腓特烈威廉一世永远想象不到他赠给俄罗斯人民的最厚重的礼物会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。【句式分析】本句中could never have imagined意为“

2、不可能想到”。英语中could have done意为“本可以；本来能够”，表示某事过去有可能发生，但事实上并没有发生。couldnt have done表示“过去不可能做过，一定没有做过”。(1)must have done表示对过去情况肯定性的推测，“过去一定做过某事”。(2)should/ought to have done表示“过去本应该做某事”，而实际上没有做。(3)shouldnt/oughtnt to have done表示“过去本不应该做某事”，而实际上做了。(4)neednt have done表示“过去本不必做某事”，但事实上已做过了。He couldnt have att

3、ended the meeting yesterday，for he went to Beijing the day before yesterday.昨天他不可能参加会议的，因为他前天去北京了。(表否定推测)It must have rained last night，for my knees ache now.昨晚一定下雨了，因为现在我的膝盖在疼。You neednt have taken a taxi here，for it was very near to my house.你本不必打车来这里的，因为那里离我家很近。 （1）I _have been more than six year

4、s old when the accident happened.Ashouldnt BcouldntCmustnt Dneednt【答案】B 【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。must表推测只能用于肯定句，否定句用 cant/couldnt 代替。shouldnt have done表示“本来不该而实际上却做了”，neednt have done表示“本来不必而实际上却做了”，均不合题意。本句译为：当事故发生时我不可能超过6岁。（2）He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free.Acould BwouldCmust Dneed【答案】A2. L

5、ater，Catherine had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。【句式分析】had the Amber Room moved是“have宾语宾语补足语”结构。（1）have/get sth.done可以表示：使某事被做（主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做）；遭遇/经历（此事违背主语的意愿）。若宾语和宾补之间是主动关系则用：（2）have sb.do sth. （do强调做某事

6、这一事实）（3）have sb./ sth. doing (doing强调持续进行某一动作)（1）I would me at the gate of the park.我要他在公园门口等我。（2）Youd better slowly.你最好把车子开慢点。（3）She has gone to hospital to 她已经去医院把牙拔了。【答案】（1）have him wait for（2）have your car running（3）have her tooth pulled out3. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a

7、train for Knigsberg，which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。【句式分析】 “There is no doubt that.”是常用句型结构，意为“毫无疑问”，其中doubt是名词，其后的that从句是doubt的同位语从句，对doubt起补充说明作用。（1）doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中其后用whether引导同位语从句，否定句或疑问句中则用that引导。（2）doubt用作动词时，在肯定句中其后多用whether或if引导宾

8、语从句，否定句或疑问句中则用that引导。（1）We have no doubt they can complete the task on time.我们相信他们能按时完成这项任务。（2）I doubt he will continue to work here.我怀疑他是否会继续在这里工作。（3）毫无疑问，我们的实验会成功的。 our experiment will succeed. 4After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 从那以后，琥珀屋的最终所归便成了一个谜。【句式分析】remain a myste

9、ry为系表结构，在该结构中，remain为系动词，意为“(继续)保持，仍然处于(某种状态)”，后接名词、形容词、分词、介词短语等做表语。Where he has gone remains a mystery.他去哪里了仍然是个谜。Shops remain open till late in the evening.商店营业到晚上很晚。Much work remains undone. 还有大量的工作未做。They remained listening. 他们一直在听。The patient remained in danger. 病人仍处在危险中。That remains to be seen

10、. 那还有待观察。Since its been a secret so long, it had better remain so.既然它已是长时间的秘密，还是继续保密为好。拓展：(1)remain还可用做不及物动词，意为“剩下，还有；(继续)待在某处，继续存在，留下”。Little of the original architecture remains.原来的建筑现在留存的已经很少了。Ill remain to see the end of the game.我将留下看比赛的结果。(2)辨析 remain/stay/keepremain继续保持或处于原来的状态。stay继续保持或处于原来的

11、状态，与 remain同义，但后面不接 to do或 to be done，多接形容词等构成系表结构。keep需要设法才能保持或处于某种状态。Please remain _, the winner of the prize will be announced soon.Aseating BseatedCto seat Dto be seated【答案】B 5. (教材)One day he was looking in a secondhand furniture shop when he saw an amazing object among the many different vases

12、 and jewels.一天，他正在一家二手家具店里逛，这时他突然在众多不同的花瓶和首饰中看见了一个很奇特的东西。【句式分析】be doing.when.意为“正在做这时(突然)”，when在句中作并列连词。相当于and then，and at that time。be about to do.when. 正要做这时be on the point of doing.when. 正要做这时had just done.when. 刚做完这时（1）I was about to leave it began to rain.我正要离开，就在这时开始下雨了。（2） I was on the point

13、of (speak) when my wife stood up and stopped me.我正要开口说话，这时妻子起身阻止了我。（3）He into the classroom the teacher came in.他刚跑进教室，这时老师进来了。【答案】（1）when （2）speaking （3）had just rushed when 6. (教材)For example，it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world.比如，中国的人口比世界上任何其他国家的人口都多，这是

14、可以得到证实的。【句式分析】句中“it can be proved that从句”为“itbe过去分词that从句”结构。在该结构中，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。It is said that. 据说It is reported that. 据报道It is believed that. 人们认为/相信It is suggested that. 人们建议It is hoped that. 人们希望有的“It is过去分词that从句”结构可与“Sb./Sth.is过去分词to do.”结构相互转换。 （1） steam is hotter than boiling water.事

15、实证明蒸汽比沸水要烫。（2） he studied abroad，but we dont know which country he studied in.He abroad，but we dont know which country he studied in.据说他在国外学习过，但是我们不知道他是在哪个国家学的。（3） the work should be done with great care.根据建议工作应该仔细完成。 7. (教材) Nor do I think they should give it to any government.我认为他们不应该把它交给任何政府部门。【句

16、式分析】否定词nor位于句首，应该用部分倒装。形式为：“norbe动词/助动词/情态动词主语动词其他”。表示前面的否定情况也适用于另一人或物，可用neither替换nor。(1)若表示前句中的肯定情况也适用于另一人或物，要用“sobe动词/情态动词/助动词主语”，表示“也是这样，也是如此”。(2)当前句中既有肯定的情况也有否定的情况，两种不同的情况也适用于另一人或物时，则用以下句式：It is the same with sb./sth.或So it is with sb./sth.If you dont go there，neither will I如果你不去那里，我也不去。如果后一句只是单

17、纯地重复前一句的意思，此时主谓不倒装，句型为“so主语be动词/助动词/情态动词”。She speaks French very well.她法语说得很好。So she does她说得确实很好。（1）汤姆说你工作努力，你确实是这样，而他也是一样努力。Tom says you work hard， ，and （2）他昨天没有完成工作，我也是。He didnt finish the work yesterday， 【答案】（1）so you do；so does he（2）neither/nor did I 学%四、重点语法突破（一）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定

18、语从句的概念(1)限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，关系代词有that, which, whom, who, whose以及关系副词when, where, why等，没有逗号把从句与先行词分开。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确。例如：Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? Where is the book which I bought this morning? (2)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常

19、用逗号分开。用法其实与限制性定语从句极为相似，只是不能用that引导。例如：This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet.English is an important subject, which every student should study well. 2. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别(1)从形式上看限制性定语从句与其先行词紧紧相连之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间必须用逗号隔开。如：The students who had done well on the test were allow

20、ed to go home early. (限制性定语从句)The students, who had done well on the test, were allowed to go home early. (非限制性定语从句)(2)从意义上讲限制性定语从句用来修饰先行词，具有限制作用，两者关系紧凑，如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性往往句意不明，有时甚至于引起费解、误解；而非限制性定语从句仅仅对先行词作补充性叙述或说明，不起限制作用两者关系不那么紧密，可以省略，省略后主句的意思仍然完整。例如：Her sister who teaches us English will go abroa

21、d next year.她教我们英语的姐姐明年将出国。（限制性定语从句，意思是她可能还有别的姐姐。）Her sister, who teaches us English, will go abroad next year.她的姐姐教我们英语，明年将出国。（非限制性定语从句，对先行词her sister起到补充说明的作用，言外之意：她只有一个姐姐。）The old man has a son, who is in the army.那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。（非限制性定语从句是对son进行补充、说明。“这位老人只有一个儿子”）The old man has a son who is in

22、 the army.那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。（限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。“这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作”，也就是说可能老人还有其他的儿子在干别的工作） (3)从翻译方法来看，一般来说，限制性定语从句多半译成汉语的前置定语，修饰其后的先行词，非限制性定语从句则往往译成后置的并列从句。例如：This is the house which we bought last year. 这是我们去年买的那幢房子。（限制性）This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet. 这封信是他父母写来的，他们在西藏工作。

23、（非限制性）This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）(4)先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词；非限制性定语从句的关系代词which既可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整句的含义。指代前面整句的含义时，定语从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看

24、过的最好的小说。(先行词是novel)The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.这是我昨天晚上看过的小说，非常有意思。(先行词为novel)The novel is very interesting, which makes me very glad.这部小说很有意思，这让我很高兴。(先行词为“The novel is very interesting”)当先行词是世界上独一无二的事物或人名、地名、国名、建筑物等专有名词时，用非限制性定语从句。如：The moon, which is 384,400 kilometers a

25、way from the earth, goes around the earth.Yesterday he left America, where he had stayed for two years.(5)从关系词的使用来看that，why不能用来引导非限制性定语从句非限：thatwhich；whyfor which在限制性定语从句中，用关系代词which，that指物，用who，whom，that指人，whose既可用来指人也可用来指物；在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词指人时用who，whom，指物时用which，whose既可用来指人也可用来指物，例如：This is the man(

26、whom/who/that) we are talking about. 这就是我们正谈论的那个人。Its a beautiful doll that/which I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的一个漂亮的洋娃娃。This is our headmaster, who I think has something important to tell you. 这是我们的校长，我认为他有一些重要事情要告诉你。My elder sister has become a doctor, which I wanted to be. 我姐姐成了一名医生，我原来也想当医生的。That i

27、s his room, whose window faces south. 那是他的房间，房间的窗户朝南。引导限制性定语从句的关系副词有when，where，why；引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when，where，没有why。Can you tell me the reason why he was absent yesterday?你能告诉我他昨天缺席的原因吗？I have told him them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting.我把我没有参加会议的理由告诉了他。He left his hometown in 199

28、2, when he was only 12 years old.他于1992年离开家乡，当时他只有12岁。Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里 关系词替代情况不同。在限制性定语从句中，whom作宾语时可用who替代；在非限制性定语从句，whom作宾语时不能用who代替；This is the boy whom/who I met at the theatre. 这就是我在剧院遇见的那个男孩。The young

29、 man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress. 这个年轻人有了一个新的女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可省略（介词后不可）；在非限制性定语从句中，所有关系词都不可省略。The house, which I bought last month, has got a beautiful garden.(which在非限制性定语从句中作宾语不可省略)那幢房子，我上个月买的，有一个漂亮的花园。Jay Chou is a popular singer (whom/who) I like very much.(

30、whom/who在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略)周杰伦是我很喜欢的一个歌手。as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句，有“正如，就像”之意。as引导的定语从句可放在主句之前，之中或之后，位置灵活。例如：“我们都知道，吸烟有害健康”这句话可译成：As we know, smoking is harmful to our health.Smoking, as we know, is harmful to our health.Smoking is harmful to our health, as is known to us all.3. As 和Which引导非限制性定语从句(1)as和wh

31、ich的选择（非限）相同点：都可以指代整个句子的内容，非限制性定语从句位于句末且as或which作主语、宾语或表语时，常可互换。He married her, as /which was natural.He is an old kind fisherman, as /which anybody can see.(宾语)不同点：如非限定语从句位于主句之前，只能用as。As is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month.Edison, as is known to all, invented the electric lamp.(2)as在从句中作主语，后面常用行为动词的被动式which在