专题02 必修1Unit3Unit5高频词汇分类解读高考.docx

1、专题02 必修1Unit3Unit5高频词汇分类解读高考 2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列之英语永升英语工作室根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2-3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单

2、词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。必修1 Unit3Unit5 词汇基础知识狂背：I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇1transport n. & vt. 运送；运输transport sb./sth. to.把运到means of transport交通工具public transport公共交通(1) You will be transported to the resort by coach.游览车将把你们送到度假胜地。(2

3、)The goods were transported by plane.货物用飞机运送。2prefer vt. 更喜欢preference n. 偏爱prefer sth. 更喜欢某事物prefer to do /doing sth. 更喜欢做某事prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做而不做/相比更喜欢做prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事prefer that sb. (should) do sth.(1)I prefer to walk(walking)

4、there.我宁愿步行去那儿。(2)He said he preferred the country to the city.他说城市和乡村相比，他更喜欢乡村。(3)She prefers dancing to singing.跳舞和唱歌相比，她更喜欢跳舞。 (4)The soldier preferred to die rather than give in.这位战士宁死不屈。(5)Id prefer you not to go there alone.我倒希望你不要单独去那儿。(6)We prefer that they (should) do it in a different way.

5、我们倒希望他们用一种不同的方法去做。 提示：1.prefer 是“更喜欢”的意思，即 like better, 因此 prefer 不能再与 better, more 等比较级词语连用。prefer 的过去式、过去分词、现在分词要双写字母r，然后加ed或ing。3persuade vt. 劝说；说服persuasion n. 说服；信服；信念persuasive adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的persuade sb. to do sth.persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事persuade sb. not to do sth.persuade sb. out

6、 of doing sth.说服某人不做某事 try to persuade sb. to do sth.advise sb. to do sth.尽力劝说某人做某事(但未必劝服)persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信persuade sb.that 从句使某人相信(1)I have never persuaded him into taking others advice.我从没说服过他听从别人的劝告。(2)She tried to persuade him to change his mind.她试图劝他改变主意。(3)How can I persuade you of my

7、 sincerity?How can I persuade you that I am sincere?我怎样才能使你相信我的诚意呢？比较：persuade/advise(1)advise 表示“劝告”的动作，不看结果，而 persuade 强调“已经说服”； advise 可接动词的ing 形式做宾语，也可接 that 引导的宾语从句(必须用虚拟语气 “should动词原形”)，而 persuade 不能。(2)persuade 还有“使人相信”的意思，搭配 persuade sb. of sth. 和 that 从句，而 advise 无此用法。4determine vt.&vi. 决定；

8、确定；(使)下定决心determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的determination n. 决心determinen./pron. 决(确)定某事determine on/upon. 决定determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作，非延续性动词短语)be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态，可与表示时间段的状语连用)determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下决心做某事determine that/be determined that. 决心/定做某事(1)Income determines ones standard

9、of living.收入决定一个人的生活水平。(2)I have determined on/upon going to the countryside after graduation. 我已决定毕业后到农村去。(3)He firmly determined to rise in the world whatever it took.他下定决心无论如何都要出人头地。(4)She determined that she would never see him again.她下决心再也不要见到他。(5)We are determined to catch up with them in a mo

10、nth.我们下定决心一个月内赶上他们。(6)The teachers encouraging words determined him to work hard. 老师鼓舞的话使他决心努力学习。 5attitude n. 态度；看法(1)Whats your attitude to the plan?你对此计划看法如何？(2)Its not his work that bothers me; its his attitude.困扰我的不是他的工作，而是他的态度。提示：attitude “态度；看法”，常与介词 to/towards 连用。have a.attitude to/towards.

11、“对有的态度”。6burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然起来burst into 闯入；突然出现；突然起来；突然发作burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来burst out crying/singing/laughing突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来burst in 闯入burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支be bursting to do 渴望，急着要做(某事)at a(one) burst 一阵；

12、一口气；一举；一下a burst of anger 怒火的迸发(1)She burst out crying for a while, and burst into laughter for another moment, which made us at a loss.她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使我们一头雾水。(2)We all thought his heart would burst with happiness.我们都认为他心中的快乐快要爆发出来了。(3)The police burst in and arrested the gang.警察突然闯进来逮捕了那帮人。 (

13、4)Tom is bursting to see his mother.汤姆急着要见他的妈妈。(5)There was a burst of laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。7ruin n. U毁坏；毁灭，崩溃C(pl.) 废墟，遗迹v. (使)破产，(使)堕落，毁灭in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪be the ruin of 成为毁灭(堕落)的原因come/fall to ruin 毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡ruin onese

14、lf 自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉(1)Drink was his fathers ruin and it will be the ruin of him too.酗酒是他父亲失败的原因，他也将遭同样的厄运。(2)Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.多年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。(3)A large number of churches fell to ruin after the revolution. 革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。(4)The heavy rain ruined our

15、holiday.大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。 (5)If you go on like this, youll ruin yourself.如果你继续这样下去，你会自己毁了自己。8injure vt. 损害，伤害injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的do an injury to sb.伤害某人the injured伤员an injured look/expression委屈的样子/表情injured pride/feelings受到伤害的自尊/情感(1)The boy injured his leg.这个男孩把腿弄伤了。(2)Your remark ma

16、y injure her pride.你的话也许会伤她的自尊。(3)I didnt mean to do her an injury.我并未打算伤害她。9shock n. U；C打击；震惊；震动；休克vt. 使震惊，使惊愕be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震惊be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事It shocked sb. to see/hear.看见/听到使某人震惊。(be) a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击(1)The news of his wifes death was a terrible shock to him.他妻子

17、去世的消息对他打击太大了。(2)He was shocked at her smoking.看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。(3)It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震惊。提示：shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物)10bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏bury oneself in study 埋头研究bury oneself in (doing) sth. 专心致力于(做)某事be buried i

18、n thoughts 沉思bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面be buried alive 被活埋；隐居即学即练5(1)He was sitting with his head buried in a book.他坐着埋头看书。(2)He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets.他走得很慢，两手插在衣袋里。(3)After the divorce, she buried herself in her work.离婚后，她埋头于工作。提示：表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：be devoted to, be

19、 addicted to, be absorbed in等。11judge v. 断定；判断；判决n. 裁判员；法官；评判员judgement n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力judging by/from 从上看，根据判断judge sb./sth. from/by. 从来判断judge between right and wrong 判断是非as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为in ones judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法(1)Dont judge a book by its cover. 勿以貌取人。(2) Judging from/by his ac

20、cent, he must be a southerner.根据他的口音判断，他一定是个南方人。(3)He was judged to be the best actor of this year.他被评为今年的最佳男演员。12quality n. 质量；品质；性质，特征quantity n. 数量be of good/bad quality 好/坏的品质be of high/poor quality 优/劣质extra fine quality 特等firstrate quality 一等(1)He has a watch of good quality.他有只质量好的手表。(2)One q

21、uality of wood is that it can burn.木材的一个特性是可以燃烧。(3)Its cheaper to buy goods in large quantities.购物的量大就便宜一些。13devote vt. (与 to 连用)献身；专心于devoted adj. 热爱的；忠诚的devoteoneself time ones life money energytosth.把用在，doing sth. 把献给sb. be devoted to 专心致志于；忠于；很喜欢a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友 即学即练2(1)She devoted her l

22、ifetime to helping homeless children.她把一生用来帮助无家可归的孩子。(2)His whole life has been devoted to studying the origin of cancer.他的一生都献给了对癌症起因的研究。(3)After he graduated, he continued to devote himself to research.毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。14equal vt. 等于；抵得上adj. 相等的；胜任的n. 同等/相等的人或物equality n. 平等A equals B in.A在方面比得上Bbe

23、equal ton./doing sth. 等于；与相等；有的能力(勇气、力量等)；胜任，能干be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比 即学即练4(1)He equals me in strength but not in intelligence.他和我力气相当，但智力不同。(2)Are men equal to women in physical strength？在体力上男人和女人相同吗？(3)She did not feel equal to receiving visitors.她觉得自己不适合接待来客。(4)Yao Ming is a basketba

24、ll player without equal in China.在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。15escape vi. 逃脱；逃走vt. 避免；免除n逃跑；逸出；出口escape from 从逃脱，逃走escapen./doing sth. 避免(做)某事a narrow/near escape死里逃生fire escape太平梯，安全梯；安全出口 即学即练5(1)The bird has escaped from its cage.小鸟已从笼中逃掉了。(2)Is the gas escaping somewhere?是不是有地方漏气？(3)How can we escape obs

25、ervation/ being observed？我们怎样才不会被人发现？(4)His name escapes me for the moment.我一时想不起他的名字来。16reward n. 报酬；奖金；vt. 酬劳，奖赏rewarding adj. 报答的，有益的，值得的as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏in reward of 为酬谢；作为奖励reward sb. for sth./doing sth. 为(做)某事而报答某人reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖赏某人(1)Its a reward for virtue.那是对美德的回报。(2)I

26、 dont expect anything in reward； I did it because I enjoyed it.我不指望得到什么报答，我做这件事只是因为我喜欢干。(3)They rewarded the boy with 5 for bringing back the lost dog.他们给了那个男孩五英镑，酬谢他把走失的狗送回来。（2）短语1care about 关心，在乎care about 关心，在乎，在意(多用于疑问或否定句)care for 喜欢或喜好某人/物(多用于否定或疑问句)；照顾；照看take care of (look after) 照顾take care

27、当心；小心with care 小心地medical care 医疗服务He doesnt care much about what happens to me.他不太关心我所发生的事。2change ones mind 改变主意make up ones mind 下定决心call/bring sth. to mind 回忆起某事lose ones mind 发疯have a/no mind to do sth. 有/无意做某事fix/keep ones mind upon/on . 把注意力放在bear/keep. in mind 记住have.on ones mind 为某人操心/焦虑hav

28、e.in mind 打算；考虑Since getting to know him better, Ive changed my mind about him.更深入地了解了他以后，我改变了对他的看法。提示：在 change ones mind及 make up ones mind 短语中 mind 均为可数名词，有单复数形式变化。3give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交give in to sb. 对某人让步give away 赠送；泄漏；出卖give back 归还give off 放出；散发出(液体、气体、气味、热量、能量、光、声音)give out 分发；用完；消耗尽，筋疲力尽give

29、up 放弃，戒掉；停止；认输；把送交give over 移交give way to 给让路；屈服；被征服He has given in to our views finally.他最终顺从了我们的意见。提示：give in作“上交”讲时，是及物动词短语，代词做宾语时，要放在 give和 in之间，如：give them in；作“让步；投降”讲时，是不及物动词短语，后面接介词 to，如： give in to sb./sth.。4right away立刻，马上(1)表示“立刻，马上”的短语without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no tim

30、e/right off(2)比较right away/right nowright away“立刻，马上”，相当于at once, in no time。right now“立即，马上；此时此刻”，后一意义比now的语气强，相当于at this very moment。I want it to be sent right away.马上把它发出去。5at an end 终止；结束bring.to an end (使)结束，终止come to an end 结束，终止at the end of 在尽头(末)by the end of 到末为止(常与完成时态连用)in the end 最后，终于(后不加 of短语)on end 一连，连续to the end 到底without end 没完没了make ends meet 收支相抵The year is at an end.这一年已到年终了。6a (great) number of 许多；大量的a large/great/good number ofa great/good manya good fewquite a few可数名词复数many a more than one单数可数名词单数谓