Writing Assignment 3作文含封面.docx

1、Writing Assignment 3作文含封面ANALYSIS ON KEEP YOUR GOALS TO YOURSELF2016-2017学年第一学期批判性读与写 Critical Thinking课程论文学生姓名：张子靖 Ken教师姓名：Pedro Pastrano - Tuhao学 院：动力工程学院专 业：核工程与核技术学 号：20153079中国重庆 重庆大学 外国语学院二一六年十月ItemsContentPoint/25MLA FORMAT/5The format of the cover page, first page and header should be correc

2、t. 1Correctly use in-text citations by clarifying the authors, years and pages.2Correctly use works cited/references (more than 6) to avoid plagiarism.2Content/11AbstractThe abstract must contain the contents: WHAT the paper is about? WHY the paper was done? HOW the paper was done? WHAT the paper fo

3、und?2IntroductionThe introduction states the main topic and previews the structure of the paper.1Evidence/ Quality of InformationAuthentic information clearly and closely relates to the main topic.Paper is well-analyzed in detail using selected chapters from the textbook.3AnalysisConsistent connecti

4、ons made between evidence and thesis and are well analyzed.Displays critical thinking and avoids simplistic description.1Organization/ LogicEvident, understandable, appropriate, excellent transitions from point to point through well-developed chapters and paragraphs.Transitional words are used to en

5、hance organization.2ConclusionThe conclusion is strongly tied to the ideas discussed in the paper.2Academic Writing/5Paper is academically writtenDo not use short forms, phrasal verbs, simple words, repeating words. Avoid words i.e. it, some, a lot of, type of, sort of, kind of, words showing cautio

6、n.Do not use personal pronouns showing subjectivity like you, us “he/she” and we, etc.5Grammar/4Paper is written in the present tense.2The verb tense and verb agreement is correct.1Punctuation, preposition and pronoun must be correctly used.1WARNING! WARNING! WARNING!:A. If the paper is incomplete,

7、1-25 points will be lost.B. If a student is found to have plagiarized, he/she will automatically fail and be reported to the University. No exceptions and/or excuses for plagiarism. C. Late papers will not be accepted. ABSTRACTThis paper is an analysis on the video, Keep Your Goals to Yourself. This

8、 paper examines exactly the argument of Derek; then, then passage analyzes Dereks argument, plus meanwhile, evaluates Dereks argument.The reason for constituting this passage is to comprehend as well as apply the knowledge of the book Understanding Arguments. In addition, this passage, which disasse

9、mbles Dereks argument, purports to assist readers understanding Dereks argument.Constituting this paper comprehensively utilizes the knowledge in Chapter 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 plus 6 of the book, Understanding Arguments: The close analysis of Dereks argument utilizes the knowledge of Chapter 4; the deep ana

10、lysis of Dereks argument is an application of the knowledge in Chapter 5; determining whether Dereks argument is valid utilizes the knowledge of Chapter 6; above all, analyzing as well as evaluating Dereks arguments utilizes the basic knowledge included in Chapter 1, 2 plus 3.As a consequence of ana

11、lyzing as well as evaluating, this passage indicates the strategies that Derek utilizes to present a thesis, the referential methods to convince the audience as well as summarize the general evaluation of Dereks argument. Analysis on Keep Your Goals to YourselfINTRODUCTIONKeep Your Goals to Yourself

12、, a TEDx video posted in September, 2010, whose speaker is Derek Sivers. In the video, Derek proposes as well as demonstrates the thesis that individual should keep goals as a secret instead of announcing the goals to public.This passage, an analysis on Dereks argument in the video, Keep Your Goals

13、to Yourself, mainly contains four portions: DEREKS PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, EVALUATION as well as CONCLUSION.Before the ANALYSIS portion, to analyze in a convenient way, plus meanwhile, to assist readers to acquaint Dereks presentation, this passage posts the original of Dereks presentation. The ANAL

14、YSIS portion, which consists of close analysis plus deep analysis, is in hot pursuit of the original of Dereks presentation. This part analyzes Dereks arguments intensively; furthermore, this part involves judgment of whether Dereks argument is valid or not.The CONCLUSION part is a integration of th

15、e consequence of the intensive analysis. In this part, this passage summarizes partial referential strategies that Derek utilizes to demonstrate a thesis as well as the methods to convince the audience. In addition, DEREKS PRESENTATIONBefore the formal analysis, here posts Dereks presentation in the

16、 video, Keep Your Goals to Yourself:Everyone, please think of your biggest personal goal. For real - you can take a second. Youve got to feel this to learn it. Take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal, okay? Imagine deciding right now that youre going to do it. Imagine telling some

17、one that you meet today what youre going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesnt it feel good to say it out loud? Dont you feel one step closer already, like its already becoming part of your identity?Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that

18、 good feeling now will make you less likely to do it. Repeated psychology tests have proven that telling someone your goal makes it less likely to happen. Any time you have a goal, there are some steps that need to be done, some work that needs to be done in order to achieve it. Ideally, you would n

19、ot be satisfied until you had actually done the work. But when you tell someone your goal and they acknowledge it, psychologists have found that its called a social reality. The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that its already done. And then, because you felt that satisfaction, youre less motiv

20、ated to do the actual hard work necessary. So this goes against theconventionalwisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right - so they hold us to it.So, lets look at the proof. 1926, Kurt Lewin, founder of social psychology, called this “substitution.” 1933, Vera Mahler found, when it was

21、acknowledged by others, it felt real in the mind. 1982, Peter Gollwitzer wrote a whole book about this and in 2009, he did some new tests that were published.It goes like this: 163 people across four separate tests - everyone wrote down their personal goal. Then half of them announced their commitme

22、nt to this goal to the room, and half didnt. Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time. Now, those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes, on average, and when asked afterwards, sa

23、id that they felt that they had a long way to go still to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes, on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.So, if this is true, what can we do? Well, you could resist thetempt

24、ation to announce your goal. You can delay thegratification that the social acknowledgment brings, and you can understand that your mind mistakes the talking for the doing. But if you do need to talk about something, you can state it in a way that gives you no satisfaction, such as, “I really want t

25、o run this marathon, so I need to train five times a week and kick my ass if I dont, okay?”So audience, next time youre tempted to tell someone your goal, what will you say? Exactly, well done. (Derek, Keep Your Goals to Yourself)1. Close AnalysisSinnott-Armstrong and Fogelin suggest in Understandin

26、g Arguments that the first step in the close analysis is to label the various argumentative devices (80). To be convenient, here lists abbreviations for argumentative devices:ARGUMENTATIVE DEVICESABBREVIATIONSargument markerMassuring term Aguarding term Gdiscounting term Dargumentative performativeA

27、Pevaluative term E (+ or )rhetorical device RThe following is the beginning of Dereks presentation:REveryone, please think of your biggest personal goal. For real - you can take a second. Youve got to feel this to learn it. Take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal, okay? Imagine de

28、ciding right now that youre going to do it. Imagine telling someone that you meet today what youre going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesnt it feel good to say it out loud? Dont you feel one step closer already, like its already becoming part of your identity?AE

29、-,DDMWell, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling now will make you less likely to do it. Repeated psychology tests have proven that telling someone your goal makes it less likely to happen. Any time you have a goal, there are some steps that need to be done, some

30、work that needs to be done in order to achieve it. Ideally, you would not be satisfied until you had actually done the work. But when you tell someone your goal and they acknowledge it, psychologists have found that its called a “social reality.” The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that its alr

31、eady done. And then, because you felt that satisfaction, youre less motivated to do the actual hard work necessary. So this goes against theconventionalwisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right - so they hold us to it. (Derek, Keep Your Goals to Yourself)A. “Doesnt it feel good to say

32、it out loud? Dont you feel one step closer already, like its already becoming part of your identity?” Those questions are rhetorical questions. Utilizing those rhetorical questions purports to draw the attention of the audience.B. The short phrase “well, bad news” functions as an evaluative term. “Bad”, the word Derek utilizes to evaluate the news - “good