普陀补习班 高二英语 暑假班6 分词 教师学生版.docx

1、普陀补习班 高二英语 暑假班6 分词 教师学生版Introduction 非谓语动词、独立主格& 高考真题01. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _.A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made02. Dont respond to any e-mails _ personal information, no matter how official they look.A. searching B. asking C. re

2、questing D. questioning03. There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.A. add B. to add C. adding D. added04. Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure (中国绿色环保人物)” award, a title _ to ordinarypeople for their contributions to environmental protection.A. bein

3、g given B. is given C. given D. was given05. The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down06. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _.A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed0

4、7. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing themany similarities.A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared08. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover09. Dont sit

5、there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table.A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing10. My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits.A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought11. _ for the breakdown o the school computer network, Alice was in low spirit.A. B

6、laming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed12. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed13. _, I had to try my luck in another city.A. As there was no chances for me B. There be no chances for meC. There being no chances for me D. There

7、 were no chances for mePresentation (1) - 非谓语动词、独立主格& 动词现在分词一、现在分词作定语现在分词作定语，可用来表示被修饰者的用途。此种用法时，现在分词与被修饰的名词之间既无逻辑上的主谓关系，又无动宾关系，可用for短语替换 There is a swimming pool in our school.我们学校有一个游泳池。 His father works in a printing factory.他父亲在一家印刷厂工作。 现在分词作定语，可表示动作正在进行或经常性的动作或状态。此种用法时，被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上含主谓关系 Did y

8、ou see the girl dancing with your brother? = Did you see the girl who was dancing with your brother?你看到了和你弟弟跳舞的那个姑娘吗？ We lived in a room facing the south. = We lived in a room that faced the south.我们住在一间朝南的房间里。 但并非所有定语从句都适合换成现在分词形式：The students who have handed in their exercise-books can go home now

9、.交了作业本的学生现在可以回家了。Is there anyone who can drive a car?有人会开汽车吗？总结：穿插有完成时或情态动词的定语从句不适合使用现在分词替换。 有些现在分词已经转化成形容词，常作定语修饰物，表示“令人的”，如：amazing, astonishing,boring, confusing, disappointing, exciting, frightening, moving, pleasing, puzzling, satisfying, shocking, surprising, tiring The experiment was an amazi

10、ng success.那项试验取得了惊人的成功。 That must have been a pleasing experience.那准是一段开心的经历。现在分词作定语，如是单个的词时作前置定语，如是短语时作后置定语 Dim is an attacking player.迪姆是一位攻击型的运动员。 There is a page missing from this book.这本书缺了一页。二、现在分词作状语概述现在分词可作原因、时间、条件、让步、方式、伴随或结果状语。位于句首多作原因、时间、条件或让步状语；位于句尾多作方式、伴随或结果状语。现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，几乎每个动词现在

11、分词作状语时，都可以转换为一个状语从句。作原因状语表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用现在分词的一般式 Being ill, she didnt go to school today.今天她生病了，所以没来上学。 Not knowing what to do, he turned to the teacher.因为不知道该做什么，他向老师求助。表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，用现在分词的完成式 Not having received an answer, I wrote to him again.因为没有收到回信，我又给他写了信。 Not having hea

12、rd from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.由于很久没有收到儿子的来信，这位母亲很担心。作时间状语现在分词所表示的动作一发生，谓语动词表示的动作就立即发生，用现在分词的一般式，可转换成“on现在分词”，常用的该类动词多是表示一个极短动作的动词：close, open, hear, see, arrive, leave, return等 Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. = On hearing the good news, he jumped with jo

13、y.听到这个好消息，他高兴得跳了起来。 Seeing the result, they couldnt help crying. = On seeing the result, they couldnt help crying.看到这个结果，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词之前加when或while Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要当心。 While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with Tom.在等火车时，我和汤姆谈了很久。现在分词所表

14、示的动作完成后，谓语表示的动作才发生，用现在分词的完成式，可转换成“after现在分词” Having finished his work, Henry went home. = After finishing his work, Henry went home.亨利做完工作后就回家了。作条件状语 Turning to the right, you will find the place you want.往右转，你就会找到你要找的地方了。作让步状语 Having been told many times, he still doesnt know how to do it.尽管告诉过他好多次

15、，但他还是不知道怎么做这事。 Although working from morning till night, he didnt get enough food.虽然他从早到晚地拼命干活，但还是挣不够吃的。作方式状语或伴随状语 Laughing and talking, they went into the room.他们又说又笑地走进房间。 John sat at the table, reading China Daily.约翰坐在桌子旁边看中国日报。作结果状语 Her mother died in 1969, leaving her with four younger brothers

16、 and sisters.1969年她母亲去世了，抛下她和四个弟弟妹妹。 She was so angry that she threw the glass on the floor, breaking it into pieces.她很生气，将玻璃杯扔在地上，摔得粉碎。& 第三节动词过去分词一、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语，如是单个的词时作前置定语，如是短语时作后置定语 There are many fallen leaves on the ground.地上有许多落叶。 Any medicine taken without the advice of a doctor can cause

17、trouble.任何没有经过医嘱而服用的药都有可能引起麻烦。不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动的含义，只表示动作已完成 Some returned students are also facing the problem of employment.一些归国留学生也面临着就业的问题。二、过去分词作状语概述过去分词可作原因、时间、条件、让步、方式、伴随或结果状语。位于句首多作原因、时间、条件或让步状语；位于句尾多作方式、伴随或结果状语。过去分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，过去分词作状语，它与句子的主语在逻辑上含有动宾关系。作原因状语 Inspired by her example, the Le

18、ague members worked even harder.在她的鼓舞下，共青团员们干得更起劲了。 The children soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey.由于旅途劳累，孩子们很快就睡着了。作时间状语 Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful.从山上看这个公园非常漂亮。 Once published, this dictionary will be very popular.一旦出版，这本字典将会很受欢迎。作条件状语 United, we stand; divided, we fall.

19、团结则存，分裂则亡。 Compared with you, I still have a long way to go.和你比起来，我还有很大差距。作让步状语 Beaten by the rival team, the players were not discouraged and practiced even harder.虽然被对方打败，但队员们没有泄气，反而更加刻苦训练。 Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.虽然受伤了，那位勇敢的战士继续战斗。作方式状语或伴随状语 The woman scientist entered the l

20、ab, followed by her assistants.那位女科学家走进实验室，后面跟着她的助手们。 She turned away, disappointed.她走了，心里很失望。作结果状语 The glass fell to the floor, broken.那个杯子掉到地板上，摔碎了。& 第四节非谓语动词语法功能的异同一、作定语的区别不定式作定语不定式作后置定语，常指将来的动作、带情态意味的动作 The question to be discussed tomorrow is very important.明天要讨论的问题很重要。 Here are some books for

21、you to read.这里有几本供你读的书。 不定式与被修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上既可以含主谓关系，又可以含动宾关系。如果不定式为不及物动词，须在其后加上适当的介词。 She was the first person to think of the idea.她是第一个想出这个主意的人。 He has nothing to worry about.他没有什么可担心的。现在分词作定语一是表示被修饰名词的用途，现在分词与被修饰的名词在逻辑上无任何逻辑关系 We have a sleeping car, so we dont need to prepare a tent.我们有一辆卧车，所以我们不需

22、要帐篷。 二是强调主动的动作正在进行或强调经常性的动作或状态，被修饰的名词或代词与现在分词在逻辑上含主谓关系 The house facing south will be sold to that old couple.那栋朝南的房子将卖给那对老夫妇。过去分词作定语及物动词的过去分词作定语与被修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上含动宾关系，表示被动的动作已完成或无具体时间性的动作。如果强调被动的动作正在进行，则用“being过去分词”；如果强调被动的动作即将发生，则用“to be过去分词” This is a play written by Shakespeare.这是莎士比亚写的戏剧。 The hous

23、e being built now is his.正在兴建的那栋房子是他的。不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成，无被动的含义 There are many fallen leaves on the ground.地上有许多落叶。二、作状语的区别类别句首的作用句末的作用与主语的逻辑关系动词不定式目的目的、结果、原因、方式主谓动宾动词现在分词时间、条件、原因、让步方式、伴随、结果主谓动词过去分词时间、条件、原因、让步方式、伴随、结果动宾不定式、现在分词以及过去分词都可以作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用于固定句式中 His father left home, never to be hear

24、d from again.他的父亲离家出走了，从此音信全无。现在分词和过去分词作结果状语时，其前常用逗号与其前部分隔开，也可不用 The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.那小孩摔了一跤，头被门碰破了。现在分词与主语含主谓关系，过去分词与主语含动宾关系 The eggs fell to the ground, broken.那些鸡蛋掉到了地上，摔碎了。现在分词和过去分词作状语的异同现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作相同的状语，选用哪一种，关键要看非谓语动词与主语的关系，是主谓关系就用现在分词，是动宾关系就用过

25、去分词 Seeing that girl, Tom turned around and walked away汤姆一看到那女孩就转身走开了。 Seen from space, the earth looks blue.从太空看，地球是蓝色的。有时为了强调被动的动作已完成，可以用“having been过去分词”来代替过去分词 Having been delayed for an hour, the plane took off at four oclock.因为耽误了一小时，所以飞机于四点钟才起飞。& 第五节独立主格一、概述独立主格结构由名词或主格代词加上其他成分（分词、不定式、名词、代词、形

26、容词、副词或介词短语）构成，在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附于整个句子独立主格结构的特点作用相当于状语从句，可表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随状况可置于句首，也可以放在句尾主要用于书面语逻辑主语与句中的语法主语不同，不指同一个人同一事物二、独立主格结构的构成及用法名词主格代词现在分词名词或代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系 Time permitting, we can finish the work.如果时间许可，我们能够完成这项工作。（表条件） It being Sunday, they had no classes.由于是星期天，他

27、们不上课。（表原因）名词主格代词过去分词名词或代词通常为过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，与过去分词构成逻辑上的动宾关系 The signal given, the bus started.发出信号后，汽车开始前进。（表时间） All things considered, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.若全面考虑，她的建议比你的建议更有价值。（表条件） Gary sat silently, eyes closed.加里静静地坐着，双眼紧闭。（表伴随状况）名词主格代词不定式名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者，与不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系，这种

28、结构可位于句末或句首，不定式多表示将来的动作 The teacher to help us, we will succeed.有老师的帮助，我们就能成功。（表原因） He invited us to see a film, he himself to buy the tickets.他请我们看电影，他买票。（表补充说明）名词主格代词形容词副词形容词或副词常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征及所处状态 The boy looked at the beautiful picture, eyes wide open.这个孩子看着这幅美丽的图画，眼睛睁得大大的。（表伴随状况） The meeting ov

29、er, the students were dismissed.会议结束，学生们解散了。（表时间）名词主格代词介词短语介词短语常用来说明名词或代词的特征或所处的状态 He sat in the chair, book in hand and pipe in mouth.他坐在椅子上，手里拿着书，嘴里叼着烟斗。（表伴随状况） The old farmer came back, a large basket on his shoulder.老农回来了，肩上扛着一个大筐。（表伴随状况）介词复合宾语这种结构，常由“with / without / like名词代词宾格不定式分词名词形容词副词介词短语”

30、构成。“介词复合宾语”的作用相当于独立主格短语，在句中可以作时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随状语。另外，该结构还可作后置定语，修饰其前的名词 I cant go out, with a lot of homework to do.我不能出去，因为有许多作业要做。（表原因） He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼睛注视着天空。（表方式） The classroom is very bright with all the lights turned on.所有的灯都开着，教师里非常明亮。（表原因） Dont talk with your mouth full.不要嘴里含着东西说话。