高考英语二轮复习课堂专练专题04 阅读理解Ⅱ 细节理解题1.docx

1、高考英语二轮复习课堂专练专题04 阅读理解 细节理解题1专题4 阅读理解：细节理解题 班级 姓名 学号 分数 （测试时间：45分钟）1. 【湖北八校2018届高三上学期第一次联考】CCities are likely to be affected by overheating, thanks to something called the urban heat island effect. Cities tend to be short of trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which

2、absorbs heat from the sun. Think of how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day. A black shirt absorbs light, heating you up. But a white shirt reflects light, keeping you cool.The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees F hotter

3、 than surrounding areas. That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly. As temperatures rise, cities will be an especially dangerous place to be during a heat wave. To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.As part of that effort, Los Angeles i

4、s coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt（沥青）. It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality.

5、 Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog, which can make life miserable for people with asthma（哮喘）and other breathing problems.Of course, LA will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply whit

6、e paint to rooftopsat least those not already covered in solar panels. While LA is a pioneer of reflective streets, other cities, like New York, are already experimenting with reflective roofs or, like Melbourne, lowering the temperature by planting trees. LA is hardly alone in its effort to stay co

7、ol.“This is an urgent challenge, and its much bigger than one person,” said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement. “Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day.”8. Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect?A. Pla

8、nting more trees in the streets.B. Covering the streets with white paint.C. Applying reflective paint to rooftops.D. Furnishing every house with air conditioners.9. What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer?A. How to make the city cooler.B. Where to wear a white shirt.C. Why to coat

9、 the roads with black paint.D. When to cut off the electricity supply.10. What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal?A. Increasing the indoor activities.B. Promoting the sale of air conditioners.C. Making life easier and more comfortable.D. Reducing the number of cold days.【答案】8. D 9. A 1

10、0. C 9. A【名题点睛】细节理解题一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。 （2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。 （3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。 （4）是非辨别型。 （5）事实排序型。【解题剖析】此题属于细节理解中的一一对应型

11、。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。【答案定位】由文章第二段最后一句“To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.”可知，在炎热的夏季城市管理者应该强调如何去使城市凉爽，从而保护公众的健康。【推理关系】题干What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer? 文章内容To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city

12、cooler.【答案】to protect public health,A选项. How to make the city cooler.10. C细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段“ Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt（沥青）. It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditionin

13、g sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality.”分析CoolSeal的介绍可知。相比沥青，使用这种白漆可使街道和停车场气温下降10度，既能降低人们的生活开支，帮助省钱，又能减少污染，提高人们的生活质量。故选C。2. 【广东七校联合体2018届高三第二次联考试】DNew mercury(汞) threat to oceans from climate changeRising temperatures could boost mercur

14、y levels in fish by up to seven times the current rates, said Swedish researchers in an article published in Science Journal. Theyve discovered warming increases levels of the toxin (毒素) in sea creatures. In experiments, they found that extra rainfall drives up the amount of organic material flowing

15、 into the seas. This alters the food chain, adding another layer of complex organisms which boosts the concentrations of mercury up the line.Mercury is one of the worlds most toxic metals, and according to the World Health Organization, is one of the top ten threats to public health. The substance a

16、t high levels has been linked to damage to the nervous system, paralysis and mental impairment in children.The most common form of exposure to mercury is by eating fish containing methylmercury(甲基水银), an organic form of the chemical which forms when bacteria react with mercury in water, soil or plan

17、ts. Levels of mercury in the worlds ecosystems have increased by between 200% and 500%, since the industrial revolution, say experts, driven up by the use of fossil fuels such as coal.In recent years there have been concentrated efforts to limit the amount of mercury entering the environment, with a

18、n international treaty, called the Minamata Convention, signed by 136 countries in place since 2013.Researchers hope that the Minamata treaty will be successful and countries reduce the amount of mercury that is being produced. Otherwise this discovery of a previously unknown source could have impac

19、ts for human health.Other researchers in the field say that the new study highlights important issues that have previously been little known.“This work experimentally proves that climate change will have a significant effect of methylmercury budgets in coastal waters and its accumulation in fish,” s

20、aid Milena Horvat from the Jozef Stefan Institute in Slovenia.“This work will also help us understand the formation of mercury in fish and help reduce mercury from emission sources (primarily industrial).”12. Where did Swedish researchers find warming increases levels of the toxin?A. In the Pacific

21、Ocean. B. On the Continent.C. In Red Sea. D. In sea creatures.13. What can cause damage to the nervous system?A. Exposure to mercury. B. Mercury at high levels.C. Methylmercury. D. The use of fossil fuels.14. How does methylmercury form?A. By limiting the amount of mercury entering the environment.B

22、. By reducing the amount of mercury.C. When bacteria react with mercury in water, soil or plants.D. When climate change returns to normal.15. What can we know from Milena Horvats words?A. Climate change will increase the levels of mercury in food.B. Levels of mercury in the worlds ecosystems have in

23、creased by between 200% and 500%.C. The Minamata Convention has been signed by 136 countries in place since 2013.D. Mercury reduction from emission sources can be beneficial to fish.【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. D14. 细节理解题。根据The most common form of exposure to mercury is by eating fish containing methyl

24、mercury(甲基水银), an organic form of the chemical which forms when bacteria react with mercury in water, soil or plants. 可知细菌同水、土壤或是植物中的汞反应，形成了甲基水银，所以选C。15. 细节理解题。根据“This work experimentally proves that climate change will have a significant effect of methylmercury budgets in coastal waters and its acc

25、umulation in fish,” said Milena Horvat from the Jozef Stefan Institute in Slovenia.可知排放源中汞含量的减少对鱼类有益处，所以选D。3. 【重庆市南开中学2017届高三上学期期中】CAre you afraid of sharks? What about snakes or spiders? Put those fears aside：because in the U.S. youre far more likely to be killed or injured by a deer skipping acros

26、s the roadDeer cause more than 200 humans deaths each year, plus some 29,000 injuries，all because of l.2 million collisions between vehicles and deerMost incidents occur in the eastern U.S. , where deer prosper without natural predators like wolves and mountain lionsThats the region in the U.S. wher

27、e deer-vehicle collisions are such a problem，and where it seems like an effective large carnivore reintroduction could make a really big difference says wildlife biologist Laura Prugh from University of WashingtonShe thinks it would help to reintroduce predators like mountain lions，also known as cou

28、gars，pumas or panthers，to parts of their historic range from which theyve been driven outThe researchers say that bringing the predators back to the eastern U.S. would mean 22 percent fewer collisions between cars and deer over three decadesEach year would see five fewer human deaths，680 fewer injur

29、ies and a savings of some $50 millionSophie L. Gilbert thinks there are great socioeconomic benefits of large predator restoration through reduced wildlife-vehicle collisions and she says，“Cougars have shown that they can coexist in short distance with people，with very few conflicts，in a lot of area

30、s out west”Still，some folks might be understandably nervous about this kind of planAfter all , reintroducing predators doesnt come without risks to pets and to livestock，and very occasionally to people“Our fear of large predators is so natural and intense that I dont think its possible to just compl

31、etely clear it with statisticswhat I hope is that knowing that there actually can be some measurable benefits might make people a little more supportive and maybe balance that fear a little bit”says LauraIndeed，the statistics show that cougars would prevent five times as many human deaths from deer-

32、related accidents as they would cause by attacksBut itll be a tough sell：the press will cover cougar attacks，but a statistically prevented death does not make the newsNevertheless，“If people in the west can put up with having mountain lions aroundI would hope that New Yorkers would be up for the challenge as well”9. Why do people want to bring back mountain lions?A. To minimize the accidents caused by deerB. To maintain biodiversity and ecological balanceC. To take up the challenge from people in