全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文1.docx

1、全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文12012 年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文1 2012全国新课标 ( D )Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever in the water. He can

2、get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play to catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins Twinkle, twinkle, little star, or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the T

3、hree Bears. One explanation is the law of overlearning , which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试)increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing bas

4、eball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as Twinkle, twinkle, little star and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forg

5、et rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overleaming explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination. though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a st

6、udent may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning. on the other hand, is really necessary for ones future development.67. What is the main idea of paragraph 1?A. People remember well what they lea

7、rned in childhood. B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words. D. Stories for children are easy to remember.68.The author explains the law of overlearning by_.A. presenting research findings B. setting down general rules C. making a comparison D. usi

8、ng examples69. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is_.A. a result of overlearning B. a special case of cramming C. a skill to deal with math problems D. a basic step towards advanced studies70. What is the authors opinion on cramming? A. It leads to failure in college e

9、xams. B. Its helpful only in a limited way. C. Its possible to result in poor memory. D. It increases students learning interest.2.【2012全国II】 (C)Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expre

10、ssion of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A womans smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in

11、Russia smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians dont smile enough. I

12、n Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fa

13、ct that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do n

14、ot show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural ba

15、ckgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.49. What does the smi

16、le usually mean in the U.S.? A. Love. B. Politeness. C. Joy. D. Thankfulness.50. The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can _ . A. show friendliness to strangers B. be used to hide true feelings C. be used in the wrong places D. show personal habits51. What should we do

17、before attempting to “read” people? A. Learn about their relations with others. B. Understand their cultural backgrounds. C. Find out about their past experience. D. Figure out what they will do next. 52. What would be the best title for the test? A. Cultural Differences B. Smiles and Relationship C

18、. Facial Expressiveness D. Habits and Emotions3.【2012陕西卷】DSpring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing，our family and friends may accept us, but the workplac

19、e may not.A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身）nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you cant judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey (传递)certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and

20、 nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.Others may say how to dress is a matter

21、of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees (雇员),because those people represent the companies to their customers.As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the

22、best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I cant expect all our customers are.There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that

23、of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply cause he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.57. Which of the following is the newspaper editor opinion according to Paragraph 2?A. Peoples appearances carry messag

24、es about themselves.B. Customers choices influence dress standards in companies.C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.58. What can be inferred from the text?A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer

25、for an interview.B. What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.D. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.59. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Employees Matter B. P

26、ersonal Choices MatterC. Appearances Matter D. Hiring Managers Matter【2012浙江卷】CTwo friends have an argument that bleaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact,

27、 according to an official report on youth violence, In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence. Given that this is the case, why arent students taught to manage conflict the way

28、they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insul

29、t (侮辱). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isnt in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.Once students rec

30、ognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决) stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name-calling, and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fir On the

31、other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution; listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe hi

32、s or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speakers position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need f. consider what they are hearing. This doesnt mean trying to figure out whats wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to