语法名词冠词.docx

1、语法名词冠词 专题一、名词常考考点：1. 可数与不可数的区别 & 名词的单复数2. 名词所有格3. 名词词义辨析讲课顺序：1. 名词的定义：表示人或物名称的词2. 名词的分类：a. 专有名词和普通名词：专有名词表示人、地方、机构、国家、组织等名称的词【理解】 1. 专有名词首字母要大写。2. 专名名词词组中每个单词的首字母要大写2. 专有名词若是由普通名词构成需加the。如：the Great Wall(长城)3. 表示姓氏的名词用复数表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)练习一：下列哪些是专有名词Lucy China table class wind airp

2、lanechild the Great Wall bike America Tianjin Du Mengzhencoach Janpan water sun New York Beijing University_ Summer Palace is so beautiful! A. The B. / C. A_ are going to England for a holiday.A. The Green B. Greens C. The Greens D. The Greensb. 普通名词又可分为：可数名词和不可数名词（两分法）可数名词：指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；不可数名

3、词：指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西练习二：下列哪些是可数名词dictionary train water bag ticket arm paper loveseat desk car air beer wind eye coffee3.可数名词复数的变化规则：a.一般直接加-s: days students beds booksb. 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词加-es: buses boxes watches c. 不是以a.o.e.i.u这五个字母即元音字母+y结尾的，改y为i加es: babies cities countries ladi

4、esd. 以f或fe结尾的，改f或fe为ves: leaf-leaves wolf-wolves life-livese. 以o结尾的词有些是加es：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿 Negro-Negroes potato-potatoes (radio, zoo)f. 复合名词前面的名词是man, woman变复数时，构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形式；如果是其他词，变复数时，只需要把后面的名词变成复数形式woman teacherwomen teachers man doctormen doctorsboy studentboy students girl playergirl player

5、se. 某国人变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面 Chinese, Japanese, an EnglishmanEnglishmen, a Frenchman-Frenchmen, an Arab-Arabse. 不规则变化：sheepsheep deerdeer manmen womanwomen toothteeth练习三：写出下列名词的复数形式box _ watch _ life _Japanese _ American_ German_photo_ woman driver _ tomato_piano_ boy friend _ apple tree_bamboo_ shee

6、p _ country_There are eight _ in our school.A. woman teachers B. women teacher C. women teachersThere are ten _ in that zoo.A. wolfs B wolf C. wolves D. wolveThe farmer raised ten _.A. sheep B. deers C. horse D.cow4.中考考察名词单复数时，常结合修饰词来考察，所以要记忆住哪些修饰词后面只接可数，哪些两类都可以修饰：只能修饰可数名词的词：few, many, number扩展：few:

7、 few, a few , a good few, quite a fewmany: a great many, a good many, many a number: a large number of只能修饰不可数名词的词：much, little, amount, deal扩展：little: little, a littleamount: a large amount of , large amounts ofdeal： a great deal of既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词：lot，some扩展：lot : a lot of , lots of口诀：数三不数四，撕s (

8、some)了l (lot)都可以练习四：There are quite a few _ on the table.A. apples B. water C. coffeeThere is _ coffee in the bottle.A. little B. many C. a large number ofTheres _coffee in the bottle.A. many B. a few C. a number of D. some4. 不可数名词的复数表达方式：数词/冠词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词（of后面的名词只能用原形）a piece of paper a drop

9、of water two cups of tea练习五：I want to write something. Do you have _?A. a paper B. a piece of paper C. a piece of papersI brought ten _ and a bottle of _ .A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange【天津真题】单复数或可数不可数类做题步骤：Step1：读题目选项，确定考点为名词Step2：将选项名词用“两分法”判断，是否为可数 Step3：读题干，判断所填名词为单数还是复数

10、，可数或不可数Step4：注意一些可数名词不规则变化的复数形式(2001, 21) (C) The little baby has two _already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths(2007, 32) (D) They got much _ on the Internet. A. photo B. ideas C. message D. information(2004, 23) (C) Mrs. Jenny gave us _ on how to learn English well. A. some advices B. many ad

11、vices C. some advice D. an advice(2003) (D) He had something to write down and asked me for _ A. a paper B. some papers C. some pieces of papers D. a piece of paper【其他地区真题】1. Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many _ in it. (北京2010)A. flowers B. grass C. villages D. water2. -There _ a lot of meat

12、 on the plate. Would you like some? -Just a little, please. （北京朝阳区2008） A. is B. are C. am D. be5. 名词所有格类【知识点】名词所有格：名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示形式：一种是s所有格，另一种是of所有格。s所有格注意事项：1. 用and连接两个并列的单数名次表示共有关系，这时在最后一个名词后加s. 如：Lily and Lucys mother is a nurse.2. 用and连接两个并列名词，表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词都在词尾加s表示所有关系，如：Tom s and

13、Johns books are missing.3. 以-s结尾的名词，在s后加“”；不以s结尾的词在词尾加s. 如：教师节 Teachers Day 儿童节 Childrens Day5. 由some-, any-, every-与-one/ -body结合起来的复合名词，如someone, everybody等和else连用时，s应加在else后。如：somebody elses pencil 别人的铅笔6. 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以在词尾加“s”或“”来构成所有格，如：用于时间： an hours ride 骑车一小时的路程用于度量： five hundre

14、d meters distance 五百米的距离用于价值： a hundred yuans order 一百元的订货单用于天体： the earths satellite 地球卫星用于国家： Chinas capital 中国的首都用于城市： Changchuns agriculture 长春的工业双重所有格的两种形式： of + 名词所有格 of +名词性物主代词 双重所有格与of所有格的区别，如：He is a friend of your fathers. 他是你父亲的一个朋友。（强调父亲的朋友不止一个）He is a friend of your farther. 他是你父亲的朋友。

15、（强调他对你父亲的友好）【理解】1. of 所有格一般用于无生命的东西的所有关系2. s所有格主要表示有生命的东西的所有关系，但是它也可以在表示时间、量度、价值、天体、国家等方面的所有关系【天津真题】做题步骤：Step1：读题目选项，确定考点为名词 Step2：阅读题干，确定考察名词所有格及所要填单词的意思 Step3：确定所有格中s之前的名词的单复数及所有关系 Step4：确定选项(2002, 21) The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride. A. half an hours B. half an hours C. hal

16、f an hour D. an hour and a half(2004, 39) After playing football for more than half an hour, the students took _rest.A. a few minutes B. a few minutes C. a little minutes D. a little minutes(2003) Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teach

17、ers C. the Teachers D. Teachers【其他地区真题】1. Marys skirt is the same as her _. (山东济南2009. 31)A. sisters B. brother C. sisters D. brothers2. Is it far from here to the bank? (四川乐山2009) Not very, only _.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walkC. 20 minutes walk D.20 minutes walks3. Today is September 10th.

18、Its _Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. (江苏南京 2008)A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers4. I dont think looking after children is just _ work. (2010河北)Awoman Bwomans Cwomen Dwomens5. This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. (河北省2004)A. Anne and Jane B. An

19、nes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes6. Mrs. Bond is an old friend of _.（山东潍坊2010） A. Jack mother B. Jack mothers C. Jacks mother D. Jacks mothers名词词义辨析类【知识点】考点(六)含义易混的名词 1.information；message；news information 是指在自身的感觉器官作用于客观事物的活动中或在与他人的交际、交流、交往中所获取的“消息；情报；资料”；message指通过传递、传达的口头或书面信息（多指口

20、信），发送方与接收方是间接关系；news指通过大众媒体刊、播出的最新消息（新闻）。注意：information和news都是不可数名词，而message是个可数名词。1. Could you give me some _ on how to learn English well? Sure. （新疆） A. suggestions B. messages C. informations D. advices 2. There is good _ for you. Ive found your lost watch. （广东） A. news B. ideas C. messages D. th

21、oughts2.noise；sound；voice voice主要指人声、鸟鸣、乐器之音；sound泛指用于人的听觉的任何声音，相当于汉语“万籁俱寂”中的“万籁”，即一切声响；noise则指有一定的干扰、刺激性，对人产生不良影响的“嘈杂声；响声”，具贬义，所以常译为“噪音”。【中考真题】1. Please keep quiet. If you make a lot of _, you may disturb others. (天津) A. voice B. noise C. sound D. singing 2. The music made me think of the _ of a ru

22、nning stream. (安徽) A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound 3. Dont make a _ in the library, Bill. Sorry, I wont do that again. (广西贵港) A. voice B. sound C. pronunciation D. noise 3. place；position；room；site place是常用、多用词，既可指清晰、明了、具体的平面地点或空间位置、身体部位，也可指模糊、笼统、大致的范围，还可以表示体育竞技、比赛结果中的“位置、顺序、名次”；position可指一个人所处的

23、社会地位、身份或其所担负的职位、职务，还用来表示在集体协作活动中由不同角色决定所处的不同的“位置”；site多指建筑设施类场所及重大事件发生地；room除作可数名词用表示“房间”外，还可用作不可数名词，指“空间；地方；余地”。【中考真题】1. Oh！There isnt enough_ for us in the bus. No hurry, Lets wait for the next.（云南） A. place B. land C. room D. floor 4. earth； field； ground； land field指可耕种的“田野，田地”或牧场、运动场地；land指与江、河

24、、湖、海相对的“陆地”，也指与field同义的耕田,作动词用时是“登陆，着陆”的意思；ground指陆地的表面(与室内floor相对)，也指农作物生长的土地以及广义上的“场（所）”；earth是指“地球；泥土”和包括陆地和海洋在内的、与天相对应的“大地”。【中考真题】1. As there were not enough chairs in the park, they had to sit on the _. (杭州) A .ground B. earth C. land D. field 5. problem和question problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题，它与动词 solve

25、或settle（解决）搭配。problem可用于数学或物理的习题，而question却无此义。而 question指说话者需要寻找答案的问题，它常与动词ask或answer连用。question可表示一件“与有关的事”.指需要讨论或解决的问题时，problem与question可以互换。试比较： . The problem is difficult to be solved这个问题很难解决。 . May I ask you some questions？我可以问你一些问题吗？ . Can you work out this maths problem ？你能算出这道数学题吗？ . Its a

26、question of money这是一个与金钱有关的问题。 . We are going to talk about several problems（questions）at the meeting 我们在会上要谈到一些问题。【中考真题】1. The _now is that we have lots of _ to ask.A. problem, questions B. question, problems C. question, problem D. problem, question【天津中考真题】(2006, 31) (D) At the foot of the hill yo

27、u could hear nothing but the _ of the running water. A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound(2004, 21) (B) Please keep quiet. If you make a lot of _, you may disturb others. A. voice B. noise C. sound D. singing(2002, 22) (C) She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. fam

28、ily B. house C. home D. room(2005, 34) (D) Tom regards Tianjin as his second _ because he has been here for over ten years. A. family B. house C. room D. home(2000, 21) (D) -Whats the _ like today? -Cloudy. A. sky B. air C. land D. weather(2010, 31) (A) If you work hard, youll get good _. A. grades

29、B. notes C. lessons D. answers(2006, 33) (A) Heilongjiang is in the _ of China. A. northeast B. northeastern C. northwest D. northwestern(2008, 33) (B) Hey! If you want to find about new cartoons, have a look at this _. Its great. A. time B. website C. photo D. rock(2009, 32) (C) His favorite _ is the Beatles and hes got lots of CDs. A. film B. singer C. band D. concert(2003) (A) The _ now is that we have lots of _ to ask. A. problem, questions B. question, problems C. question, problem D,