中考英语语法考点一点通中考英语语法一点通复合句宾语从句定语从句和状语从句.docx

1、中考英语语法考点一点通中考英语语法一点通复合句宾语从句定语从句和状语从句中考英语语法一点通复合句（宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句）知识清单宾语从句1、宾语从句的定义在句中起宾语作用的从句叫作宾语从句，宾语从句常放在及物动词或者介词后面作宾语。2、宾语从句的引导词1、thatthat用来陈述一个事实，本身没有意义，只起到连接主从句的作用，通常可以省略。He said (that) Kate was good at swimming.2、whether/ifwhether/if表示“是否”，讲述一个悬而未决的事情，不充当句子成分，而且不能省略，两者通常可以互换。He asked me whether

2、/if Miss Gao was a teacher.3、连接代词和连接副词连接代词（what, which, who, whose, whom）引导宾语从句时，在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或者定语；连接副词（when, where, why, how）引导宾语从句时，在宾语从句中充当状语。I dont know what they are going to do.He asked me whose book this was.Could you tell me where you live?Do you know how they found the place?3、宾语从句的语序宾语从

3、句要用陈述句语序，尤其是连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。Do you know what Kates e-mail address is?Can you tell me how I can go to the museum?4、宾语从句的时态1、如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态根据实际情况而定。I remember he gave me a book yesterday.He has told me that hell leave for New York tomorrow.2、如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么

4、宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。He told me that he would take part in the high jump.He asked me if I had taken his soap.3、如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或者真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。He told me that the earth goes round the sun.He said that Yao Ming is much taller than him.5、宾语从句的简化1、当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是

5、hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等时，宾语从句可以简化为不定式结构。I hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive your e-mail.2、当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。She doesnt know what she should do next.=She doesnt know what to do next.6、宾语从句中的否定转移在含有宾语从句的复合句中，当主

6、句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时，要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think he will come with you.状语从句1、状语从句的定义及分类状语从句在复合句中修饰主句或者主句中的动词。状语从句由从属连词引导，与主句连接，位于句首时，常用逗号与主句分开，位于句末时，前面一般不用逗号。状语从句根据其用途可以分为：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、地点状语从句、目的状语从句等。2、时间状语从句1. when的用法1 when意为“当

7、时候”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或者先后发生。I feel very happy when you come to see me.When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.2 when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性动词或者非延续性动词。I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.2. while的用法while引导的时间状语从句，常常翻译为“与同时、在期间”，while引导的从句常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。They rushed

8、in while we were discussing problems.My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.3. as的用法as引导时间状语从句时可以表示“正当、一边一边、随着”等意思。Helen heard the story as she washed clothes.We get wiser as we get older.4. before/after的用法before表示“在之前”，after表示“在之后”。I will always work hard before I enter Peking Universi

9、ty.She showed me many beautiful stamps after I got to her home.5. until/till的用法until和till都表示“直到”，常可互换，但till不用于句首。1 主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句用肯定形式，表示这一动作或者状态一直持续到until/till引导的从句的动作发生为止。Ill wait for you until you come to see me.2 主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时，主句用否定形式，表示主句的动作直到until引导的从句的动作发生才发生，构成not.until结构，表示“直到才”。I didnt

10、 go to bed until I finished my homework.6. since的用法since引导的时间状语从句，表示“自以来”，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。I have worked in this company since I graduated from Peking University.7. as soon as的用法as soon as引导的时间状语从句，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，意为“一就”。该从句经常用一般现在时表示将来。As soon as he arrives, Ill tell him.3、条件状语从句主句为祈使句、一般将来时或

11、含有情态动词时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。1. if的用法if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果、假如”。Ill visit the Great Wall if it doesnt rain tomorrow.2. unless的用法unless引导条件状语，表示“除非、如果不”，相当于if not。Well go for an outing tomorrow unless it rains.4、原因状语从句原因状语从句通常用because, since或as引导，这三个词所表示的语气由because到as逐渐减弱。1. because的用法because表示因果关系时，语气最强，用来回答why的提

12、问，所表示的原因往往是听话人所不知道或者感兴趣的。Im leaving because I am fed up with the boss.My friends admire me because I am handsome and successful.2. since的用法表示人们已知的事实，不需要强调的原因，因此常常翻译为“既然”，通常放在句首。Since Monday is Bobs birthday, lets give him a party.Since everyone is here, lets get started.3. as的用法as与since差不多，所引出的理由在说话

13、人看来已经很明显，或已为说话人所熟悉。She didnt hear us come in as she was asleep.5、目的状语从句目的状语从句通常由so that，in order that等引导，谓语中常含有may, might, can, could, will, would等情态动词。He must get up early so that he can go to work on time.6、结果状语从句1. 由so.that, such.that引导so.that与such.that引导结果状语从句时，在结构上有所不同：so+形容词/副词+thatsuch+a/an+形

14、容词+单数名词+thatsuch+形容词+复数名词+thatsuch+形容词+不可数名词+thatso+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that注意：当名词前面有many, much, little, few修饰时，用so而不用such。She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.=She is so lovely a girl that we lover her very much.We have so much time that we can finish the work very well.2. 结果状语从句与不定式结构的相互

15、转换so.that句型的否定形式可与too.to.或者not.enough to相互转换。He is so young that he cant go to school.=He is too young to go to school.=He is not old enough to go to school.7、让步状语从句1. though/although的用法although和though意义一样，意为“虽然、尽管”，都表示让步，一般情况下可以互换，两者可以与yet连用，但是不与but连用。They are generous though they are poor.Although

16、 he was a Japanese, he spent most of his life in China.2. even though/even if的用法even though和even if都是“尽管、即使”的意思，表示语气更强的让步。Even though hes 24 now, hes still like a little child.Well make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad.8、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要是where和wherever。He lives where the climate is

17、 cool.Where there is a will, there is a way.定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中的某一个名词、代词或者整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫作先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（that, which, who, whose, whom）和关系副词（when, where, why）。关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间，既起到连接作用，又在从句中充当某一个句子成分。先行词关系词充当的句子成分例句人who主语、宾语Do you know the man who is repairing the bike?I cant

18、 remember the man (who) I met yesterday.whom宾语The boy (whom) he loved died in the war.物which主语、宾语The views which are entirely new wont be popular.She suffered from cancer, which we cant accept.人或物that主语、宾语、表语There must be something that happened to you.I dont like the novel (that) you are reading.He

19、 is no longer the man that he used to be.whose定语I dont like the books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father is a teacher studies hard.时间when状语I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.地点where状语This is the school where my mother works.原因why状语Could you explain the reason why you

20、 were late?难点突破1、引导宾语从句时whether和if的区别whether和if引导宾语从句时，一般两者可以互换，但是在下列几种情况下通常使用whether：（1）在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether。（2）在介词之后用whether。（3）在不定式前用whether。Can you tell me whether the train has left or not? I dont know whether to accept or refuse. I am not interested in whether you lik

21、e the plan or not. 2、if和when引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别1、if有两个意思，作“是否”讲时，引导宾语从句，从句的时态根据实际情况而定；作“假如、如果”讲时，引导条件状语从句，此时从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。We dont know if it will rain tomorrow. If it rains, we dont have a sports meeting.2、when引导的时间状语从句，若主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；when引导其它时态的时间状语从句时，从句时态应与主句时态保持一致；when引导的宾语从句，首先要保证从句的陈述句语序，然后再根

22、据主句的时态确定从句的时态。I dont know when my father will come back, but Ill tell you when he comes back.解题秘诀1、宾语从句的考查主要涉及到引导词的选择、陈述句语气的使用、时态的一致。2、状语从句主要考查从属连词的选择，确定使用什么从属连词，关键是要弄清楚两个句子之间的逻辑关系。易错题型1. -Does your mother have any hobbies? -No, you call watching TV a hobby.A. unless B. until C. if D. when2. In the

23、UK, a woman usually doesnt like to be asked .A.whether she had been married B.what is her ageC.how much she weighs D.where she comes from3. I wonder .A. if Dr Ma still works on the ORBIS plane B. how much does the tallest man in the world weighC. when Audrey Hepburn had entered the film industryD. t

24、hat Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon4. -Jenny,will you leave for the USA now?-No. It will be two weeks I leave here.A. until B. since C. before D. when5. Pandas are facing danger! The situation wont change humans stop killing.A.unless B.though C.if D.after6. -Do you know if he _ to pl

25、ay basket ball with us? -I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow.A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be7. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. which B. that C. where D. though8. Mary had _ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day.A. such B. so C. too D. very9. It is about ten years _ I met you last.A. since B. for C. when D. as10. We didnt go home _ we finished the work.A. since B. until C. because D. though参考答案1-5 ACACA 6-10 CBBAB