语法复习十情态动词.docx

1、语法复习十情态动词语法复习（十）情态动词 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。情态动词的特点是它有一定的词意，但用法上类似于助动词，和一动词一起构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化，即在各种人称后都用同样的形式。除ought后跟不定式外，其他情态动词后都跟动词原形，有时跟动词的完成式或进行式。情态动词主要有下面这些：can(could)mustoughtshallwoulddare(dared)may(might)have toshouldwillused toneed一、 情态动词的非推测性用法 1. can表示能力时,注意它与be able to 的区别。 can的主语可以是人或物,而be

2、able to 通常是有生命的东西。例如: The machine can work out two million problems per second.这台机器每分钟可以计算出两百万道题。(此句话最好不用is able to) can只有现在和过去两种时态形式,即:can和could;而be able to有谓语动词的各种时态变化,还有非谓语动词形式。例如: Ive always wanted to be able to speak English. 我总想能够说好英语。 I havent been able to read that report yet. 我还没有来得及阅读报告呢。

3、在过去时态中,强调有能力时,用could,强调条件或情况允许 (有时还强调通过努力创造条件干成某事)时,用was / were able to。请比较:I couldnt buy a ticket. 我没买票。(暗示我当时没有钱,所以没能买票。) I wasnt able to buy a ticket. (则暗示票已经卖完了,所以我没能买到。) I could pass the exam. 我能通过那次考试。 I was able to pass the exam. 我通过了那次考试。 【高考题例1】 The fire spread through the hotel very quickl

4、y but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 2. may表示允许, 否定形式为mustnt(不允许)。例如: Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt 3. must有必须,不得不的意思,既可以表达主观的情况也可表达客观的情况。例如: All passengers must wear seat belts

5、.所有的乘客都必须系上安全带。 I really dont want to make the appointment, but I suppose I must.我真的不想去约会,但我想也不得不去。 【习惯用语】 If you must表示无可奈何地同意某人干某事。例如: -Can I borrow your car, Mum? 妈妈,我可以借用一下您的车吗? -If you must. 如果你必须得用的话,拿去用吧。 【高考题例2】-Who is the girl standing over there? -Well, if you _ know, her name is Mabel. A.

6、 may B. can C. must D. shall 【高考题例3】 Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library.A. must B. may C. can D. need4. will作情态动词时有以下用法: 愿意。例如: If you will wait, you will have a chance to see the film star. 如果你愿意等的话,你就有机会看到这位电影明星。 表示请求。例如: Will you p

7、hone me later? 晚些时候给我打电话好吗? 表示没有时间限制的倾向性动作或习惯。例如:Oil will float on water. 油不溶于水(油浮在水的面上)。 5. would的用法。 表示礼貌的请求。例如: Would you shut the window, please? 请您关上窗户好吗? 表示过去的倾向性动作或习惯。例如: I would often go fishing when I lived in the country. 当我住在乡下的时候,我经常去钓鱼。 【习惯用语】 would rather宁愿。例如: Which would you rather d

8、o, go to the cinema or go for a meal? 你情愿做哪样,看电影呢还是下馆子? 6. shall的用法。 用于第一、三人称的问句中,表示征求建议。例如: What shall I get for dinner? 晚上买点什么来吃? 用于第二、三人称,表示命令、警告、威胁。例如: You shall do it at once!你必须马上做这件事! 用于官方文件中,表明具有法律效应。例如: All payments shall be paid by the end of the month. 本月底所有款项必须付清。 【高考题例4】The interest _be

9、 divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides, declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall 7. should 表示应该。例如: He should learn to be more polite. 他应该学会讲礼貌。 【高考题例5】 I _ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. A. should B. might C.

10、would D. could 8. need表示需要的用法。 need 既可以作情态动词也可以作实义动词。作情态动词时,通常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,作实义动词时,句型不受限制。请比较: We need to work hard. 我们需要努力呀。 You neednt worry.= You dont need to worry. 【注意】 neednt = dont have to 不必。 【高考题例6】 -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. must

11、nt D. shouldnt 【高考题例7】-I dont mind telling you what I know. -You _. Im not asking you for it. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt二、 情态动词的推测性用法 情态动词 must, will, would, ought to, should, may, might都有推测性用法,其可能性程度按其排列顺序由强到弱,可以翻译成:肯定,会,应该,可能等字眼。这些词语通常用于肯定句中,否定句和疑问句中用can 或could。这些词语本身不表达过去时态,如要表达时态用其后面

12、的动词结构, 表示对现在或过去情况的推测。1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may(might)或could(一般不用can)。其中,must的语气最强,译为肯定、准是、想必是;should的语气次之,译为很可能、应该,指按常理推测;may(might), could的语气最弱,译为也许、可能。 【高考题例8】-Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? -Sorry, I am not sure. But it_be. A. might B. will C. must D. can 2. 否定推测分为两种情况:

13、1)语气不很肯定时,常用may not, might not ,译为可能不、也许不。 【高考题例9】You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _not like the design of the furniture. A. must B. shall C. may D. need 2)否定语气较强时,则用cant, could not have done译为根本不可能、想必不会,表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。 【高考题例10】-Isnt that Anns husband over there? -No, i

14、t_be him-Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not 【高考题例11】My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended 3.疑问句中的推测,往往只用can或could。【高考题例12】M

15、r. Bush is on time for everything. How_it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 【注意】 can 也可以在肯定句中表示可能性,但这种可能性往往具有一般性,说话人是按常理在进行推测。而may, could则是根据说话人当时的具体情况进行推测。例如: Im confident that a solution can be found. 我相信会找到解决办法的。 Martin may be able to help. 也许马丁会帮忙的。 【高

16、考题例13】 -Isnt that Anns husband over there? -No, it _ be him -Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not 三、 情态动词后跟完成式的用法 （虚拟语气）1. should / ought to + have done 表示过去应该干而没有干。否定式则表示过去不应该干某事而干了。例如: You are late again. You should have got up earlier this morning. 你又迟到了。今天早上你该早点

17、起床。 【高考题例14】-Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. -You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told 2. might +have done 表示过去本来可以干某事而没有干。例如: He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. 即使他很忙,他也可以给你更多的帮助。 3.could + have done 表示过去本能够干而没有干。例如

18、: I could have walked to the square. It was so near. 我完全能够步行去广场的,这么近。 4. neednt +have done 表示过去本来没有必要做某事，但实际上却做了。 It was so close to the railway station. You neednt have taken a taxi. 离车站那么近，你本没有必要坐出租车的。 【比较】 He didnt need to worry. 他不必担心。（是否担心，我们不知道）He neednt have worried. 他本不必担心。（肯定担心了，但本不必担心）5. 其

19、它情态动词跟完成式的情况，如 would (not)like to have done something 本来（不）想做某事I would to have gone with you yesterday, I really had to finish my homework first.昨天我本想跟你去的，但我必须先完成作业。 would rather (not)have done something 宁愿(没有)做了某事I would rather not have told him about the bad news, but I didnt meat to hurt him.我宁愿没

20、有告诉他这个坏消息，但我不是有意要伤害他。【高考题例答案】 1-5 CCADA 6-10 ADACA 11-14 AAAD基础训练1- Shall I tell John about it?- No, you _. Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt2. - There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. - It _ a comfortable journey. A. cant be B.

21、shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been3. - Why didnt you come to see me? - I _, but I was too busy yesterday. A. like to B. should like to C. would like to have D. am going to4. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would5.

22、 There was plenty of time; she _. A. mustnt have hurried B. neednt have hurried C. may not have hurried D. wouldnt have hurried6. - Is John coming by air? - He should, but _ not. He likes taking trains. A. must B. can C. need D. may7. - _ it be Li Ping who broke the glass? - No. It _ be Wang Hai who

23、 did it. A. Could; may B. Can; can C. May; must D. Can; must8. When the old man was alive, he _ sit for hours at the door. A. would B. could C. must D. might9. Jack, you _ play with the knife; you _ hurt yourself. A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; should10. Ive decided to take

24、the job and I _ change my mind. A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. may not11. She _ into the thick forest alone on such a dark night. A. dares not go B. dares not to go C. dare not to go D. doesnt dare to go12. My parents never remember my telephone number, and they always _ look it up. A. must B. can C.

25、should D. have to13. - Where is Jack? I cant find him anywhere. - He _ his homework upstairs. A. might have done B. must have done C. might be doing D. must do14. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give15. - If he _, he _ that

26、 food. - Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken16. - I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins. _I have a look ? - Yes, certainly. A.

27、Do B. May C. Shall D. Should17. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They be ready by 12:00.A. can B. should C. might D. need18. I_ such a mistake again.A. will never make B. shall never makeC. can never do D. need never do19. He began to write two hours ago. He _ have fin

28、ished the article now. A. must B. ought C. would D. had to 20. Looking at my determined face, the big boy _ pick up the fight. A. dares not B. dare not C. doesnt dare D. dares not to21. You know that you were driving 100 km an hour, dont you? No officer, I _. This car doesnt do more than 80.A. may n

29、ot have been B. couldnt have been C. mustnt have been D. shouldnt have been22. I think he could have joined us, but he _A. doesnt B. did C. didnt D. couldnt23. Why _ it rain now? I _ go to the concert at 7. What a pity!A. can, might not B. should, neednt C. must, cant D. need, mustnt24. He was caugh

30、t in the rain last night. That _ his cold.A. can bring about B. ought to bring aboutC. should have brought about D. may have brought about25. Did you visit the famous museum? No, we _, but we spent too much time shopping.A. could have visited B. must have visited C. can t have visited D. shouldnt have visited26. You must phone us every week. Yes, I