1、小升初英语语法知识点总结小学英语语法知识点总结、名词(一)可数名词:表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式,其单数形式与 不定冠词a(n)连用。可数名词复数规则:1. 一般情况下,直接加 -s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats,bed-beds2. 以 s. ss. x. sh. ch 结尾,力口 -es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches, glass-glasses3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es , 如: family-families, strawberr
2、y-strawberries, city-cities, body-bodies4. 以 f 或fe ”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives,leaf leaves, wife-wives, half-halves5. 不规则名词复数: child t children , mouse mice2 man t men, woman t women, policeman t policemen3 tomato t tomatoes, potato t potatoes注:初中英语以o结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加 -es,其余的加-s女口: photo t photo
3、s 4 foot t feet , tooth t teeth 5 fish , sheep, Chin ese, Japa nese6 people单数形式表示复数意义,通常指“多个民族”。习题:写出下列各词的复数Ihimthisherwatchchildphotodiarydayfootbookdresstoothsheepboxstrawberrypeachsan dwichdishbusmanwoma n(二) 不可数名词: 表示不能个别存在的事物,如液体类,气体类的物质;少数固体类的物质(grass草,ice冰),抽象的名词(help帮助,music音乐)。不可数名词没有复数(如 s
4、ome water ),不能与不定冠词连用。(三) 名词所有格:1、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。(1) 表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加 s。女口: Children s Day(儿童节),my sister s book (我姐姐的书)(2) 以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如: Teachers Day (教师节)(3) 有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s.如: today s newspaper (今天的报纸),ten minutes break (十分钟的课间休息 ),China s populati
5、 on(中国的人口 ).(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词 ,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如:a fine daughter of the Party( 党的好女儿).2、注:s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺 ,如:my aunt s(我阿姨家),the doctor s(诊所)2 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B s的形式,女口: Lucy and Lily s bedroom3 “ of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如:a friend of my father s(我父亲的一位朋友),a friend of mine( 我的一位朋友)二、人称代
6、词和物主代词1人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于 than之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独 使用,后面不带名词。人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性我Ime我的mymi ne你,你们youyou你的,你们的youryours他 :hehim他的hishis她sheher她的herhers它itit它的itsits我们weus我们的ourours他(她,它)们theythem他(她,它)们的theirtheirs【注】:人称代词有主格和宾格之分,一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。
7、物主代词一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词 (短的);如无,就用名词性物主代词 (长的)。习题:用所给词的适当形式填空1. That is not kite. That kite is very small, but is verybig. ( I )2. The dress is . Give it to . ( she )3.1s this watch? (you) No, it s not . ( I )4. is my brother. n ame is Jack.Look! Those stamps are . ( he )三、一般现在时(一)一般现在时的功能1. 表示
8、事物或人物的特征、状态。如: The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如: I get up at six every day. 我天天六点起床。3. 表示客观现实。如: The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。(2) 一般现在时的构成1. be 动词:主语 + be(am,is,are)+ 其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词+(其它)。如:We study English. 我们 学习英语。【注】 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加-s或-es。
9、女口: Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。(3) 一般现在时的变化1. be 动词的变化。1 否定句:主语+be+not+其它。 女口: He is not a worker.他不是工人。2 一般疑问句: Be+主语 + 其它。如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No,Im not.3 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 +般疑问句。如: Where is my bike?2. 行为动词的变化。1 否定句:主语 + do nt( does nt )+动词原形+(其它)。如: I do nt like bread.2 当主语为第三人称单数时, 要用do
10、es nt构成否定句。女口: He does ntofte n play.3 一般疑问句:Do( Does )+主语+动词原形+其它。如:-Do you ofte n play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 does构成一般疑问句。如:-Does she go to work by bike?-Yes, she does. / No, she does nt.4 特殊疑问句:疑问词+般疑问句。女口: Howdoes your father go to work?动词+s的变化规则1. 一般情况下,直接加 -s,如:cook
11、-cooks, milk-milks2. 以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,力口 -es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3. 以辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies习题:一般现在时用法专练一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数drinkgostaymakelookhavepasscarrycomewatchpla ntflystudybrushdoteachwash二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He ofte n (have) dinner at home.2. Dan
12、iel and Tommy (be) in Class One.3. We (n ot watch) TV on Mon day.4. Nick (not go) to the zoo on Sun day.5. they (like) the World Cup?6. What they ofte n (do) on Saturdays?7. your pare nts (read) n ewspapers every day?8. The girl (teach) us En glish on Sun days.9. She and I (take) a walk together eve
13、ry evening.10. There (be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike (like) cooki ng.12. They (have) the same hobby.13. My aunt (look) after her baby carefully.14. You always (do) your homework well.15. I (be) ill. I m staying in bed.16. She (go) to school from Mon day to Friday.17. Liu Tao (do) n ot like PE
14、.18. The child ofte n (watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang (have) eight less ons this term.20. What day (be) it today? It s Saturday四、现在进行时1. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作, 也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2. 现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be+动词ing.3. 现在进行时的否定句在 be后加not。4. 现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be动词调到句首。5. 现在进行时的特殊疑问句的基本结构为:疑问词
15、+ be + 主语+动 词 ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词 + be + 动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则(1) 一般情况下,直接加 ing,如:cook-cooking(2) 以不发音的 e 结尾,去 e 力口 ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting(3) 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 ing ,女口: run-running, stop-stopp ing习题:现在进行时专项练习:一、写出下列动词的现在分词:playrunswimmakegolikewriteskireadhavesingdanceputseebuyl
16、ovelivetakecomegetstopsitbeginshop二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:1. The boy ( draw)a picture now.2. Liste n .Some girls ( sin g)i n the classroom .3. My mother ( cook )some nice food now.4. What you ( do ) now?5. Look. They ( have) an En glish less on .6. They (no t ,water) the flowers now.7. Look! The girls (danc
17、e )in the classroom .8. What is our granddaughter doing? She (listen ) tomusic.9. It s 5 o clock now. We (have)supper now10. Helen (wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .五、一般将来时1、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语: tomorrow, n ext day(week, mon th, year ), soon,the day after tomorrow (后天)等。2、基本结构: be
18、going to do : will do.3、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are )后加not或情态动词 will 后加not成won t。例如:I m going to have a pic nic thi s after noon.t I m not going to have a pic nic this after noon.4、 一般疑问句:be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。 如: We are going to go on an outing this weekend.t Are you going to go on an ou
19、t ing this weeke nd?5、 特殊疑问句:疑问词 +be+主语+going to+动词原形?如:What is Jim going to do? 疑问词当主语时:疑问词 +be+going to+ 动词原形?如:Who is going to play football?6、 同义句: be going to = will do be not going to = won t doI amgoing to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow.7对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。(1)
20、问人。Who 例如:rm going to New York soon. tWhos going to NewYork soon? 问干什么。What do. 如: My father is going to watch a race with me thisafter noon. t What is your father going to do with youthis after noon? 问什么时候。 When.女口: Shes going to go to bed at nine.t When is she going to bed?习题:填空1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I ha
21、ve a picnic with my frien ds.I have a picnic with my frien ds.2. 我们将要学习英语We lear n En glish.We lear n En glish.六、一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态, 常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如: last year, yesterday, just now, two weeks ago 等。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和 often, always 等频率副词连用。例如: I saw him in the street yesterday. 。 Li
22、Mei always went to school on foot last year.2. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:am和is 在一般过去时中变为 was( was not=wasn t)are 在一般过去时中变为 were。( were not=weren t)带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, are 一样,即否定句在 was或were后加not,一般疑问句把 was或were调到句首。3 行为动词的一般过去时肯定句:主语 +动词的过去式+其它。如:He we nt to the toy store yesterday.2 否定句:didn t + 动
23、词原形,如:Jim didn t go home yesterday.3 一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它?女口: Did Jim go home yesterday?4 特殊疑问句: 疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?女口: What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时:疑问词 +动词过去式?如:Who we nt to home yesterday?【注】一般过去时口诀一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。否定句很简单,did nt 站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变。一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动词原形、其它部分
24、依次站。动词过去式变化规则:1 .一般在动词末尾直接加 -ed,如:work-worked , cook-cooked2. 结尾是 e 加 d,如:live-lived3. 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4. 以辅音字母+y”结尾的,变 y为i , 再加-ed,如:study-studied5. 不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-we nt, come-came, have-had, ea
25、t-ate, take-took, run-ran, sin g-sa ng, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew,drin k-dra nk, swim-swam, sit-sat, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept,swim-swam, sit-sat习题:过去时练习一、 写出下列动词的过去式isam plant are drink play go make does dance worry ask taste eat put kick pass do 二、用b
26、e动词的适当形式填空I. 1 at school just now.2. He at the camp last week.3. We stude nts two years ago.4. They on the farm a mome nt ago.5. Yang Ling eleve n years old last year.6. There an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There some milk in the fridge on Sun day.8. The mobile phone on the sofa yesterday evenin
27、g.9. I an En glish teacher now.10. She happy yesterday.II. They glad to see each other last mon th.三、用动词的适当形式填空1.1 (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father (read) a n ewspaper last ni ght.3. We to zoo yesterday, we to the park. (go)4. you (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. he (fly) a
28、kite on Sun day? Yes, he .6. I (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother7. What she (find) in the garde n last morning?She (find) a beautiful butterfly.四、用 am, is, are 填空1.1 a boy. you a boy? No, I not.2. The girl Jacks sister.3. The dog tall and fat.4. The man with big eyes a teacher.5. your broth
29、er in the classroom?6. Where your mother? She at home.7. How your father?8. Mike and Liu Tao at school.9. Whose dress this?10. Whose socks they?七、Have Has和 There be 结构1、 There be 结构包括 there is, there are, there was, there were.2、 意思都是有”。3、 和 have、has、had 的区别:(1) There be 句型表示:在某地有某物 (或人)(2) 在there b
30、e句型中,主语是单数, be动词用is ;主语是复数,be动词用are ;如有几件物品,be动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定。(3) there be 句型的否定句在 be动词后加not , 般疑问句把be动词调到句首。(4) there be 句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人拥有某物。(5) some和any在there be句型中的运用:some用于肯定句,any 用于否定句或疑问 句。a nd和or在there be句型中的运用:and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑问句。(7) 针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many +名词复数+ are there + 介词短语? How much +不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?(8) 针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What s +介词短语?(9) There b
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