高中英语知识讲解Unit+4+Astronomy+Section+Ⅲ 含答案.docx

1、高中英语知识讲解Unit+4+Astronomy+Section+ 含答案Section Learning about Language & Using Language重点单词写作词汇1.climate n. 气候2.float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物3.crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落4.gravity n. 万有引力；重力5.pull n& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力拓展词汇6.gentle adj.温和的；文雅的gently adv.温和地7.biology n生物学biologist n生物学家8.exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽e

2、xhausted adj.精疲力尽的阅读词汇9.lessen vi.& vt. 减少；减轻10.weightlessly adv. 失重地11.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船12.extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的13.cabin n. 小屋；船舱重点短语1.block out 挡住(光线)2.get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解3.watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防4.depend on 依靠5.cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋6.now that 既然7.break out 突发；爆发8.as a result of 由于的原因重点句型1.as ad

3、j. a/an n. as.：When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as(像那样大的拉力) the earths.2.twice as.as.: But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as(是的两倍远) on the earth and fell over.3.now that 引导原因状语从句：“Oh dear，” I c

4、ried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that(既然) gravity has changed.”Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.1The passage mainly talks about _Awhat the moon isBmy visit to the moonCthe differences between the earth and the moonDLi Yanping, my friend, who is an astronomer2Why

5、cant the spaceship fall back to the earth?ABecause the moons gravity pulls it up.BBecause it is too far away from the earth.CBecause the earth has no gravity.DBecause the spaceship is not very heavy.3When I was on the moon I felt I was _ than I am on the earth.Aslower BheavierCcleverer Dlighter4If a

6、 baby is growing on the moon, when he grows up, he will grow _ than he is on the earth.Ataller BshorterCfatter Dthinner答案：14.BBDA名词visit 后面习惯上与介词to搭配，意为“到的旅行”。have a chance to do sth.有机会做某事make a trip(take a trip/go on a trip )去旅行spaceship/spesp/n.宇宙飞船explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事be off 离开，起飞。在本句中相当于

7、take off。pullpln.& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地，渐进地lessenlesnvi.& vt.减少；减轻cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋floatfltvi.& vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮；(使)飘动n. 漂浮物weightlesslyweItlIslIadv.失重地cabinkbInn.小屋；船舱step vi.迈步，踩踏，行走step forward 向前迈一步fall over 跌倒now that 既然(引导原因状语从句)get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解break out 突发；爆发exhausting ad

8、j.令人筋疲力尽的(指事物)exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的(指人)exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使筋疲力尽【核心素养链接】1961年4月12日莫斯科时间上午9时07分，苏联航天员加加林乘坐东方1号宇宙飞船，在最大高度为301公里的轨道上绕地球一周，完成了世界上首次载人宇宙飞行任务，实现了人类进入太空的愿望。美国东部时间1969年7月20日下午4时17分，美国宇航员阿姆斯特朗将左脚小心翼翼地踏上了月球表面。这是人类第一次踏上月球。2003年10月15日北京时间9时整，中国航天员杨利伟乘坐由新型长征二号F捆绑式火箭运载的神舟五号飞船首次进入太空，并于2003年10月16日6时23分返回

9、。杨利伟是中国第一位飞天航天员。继杨利伟之后，费俊龙、聂海胜、翟志刚、刘伯明、景海鹏、刘旺、刘洋(女)、张晓光、王亚平(女)、陈冬均已搭乘神舟飞船飞入太空。A VISIT TO THE MOONLast month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship ! Before we left，Li Yanping explained to me that th

10、e force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.It was so hard that we could not say

11、anything to each other. Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him.“Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.” I asked.“We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull，” he explained，“so we feel as if there i

12、s no gravity at all. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths ” I cheered up immediately and floatedweightlesslyaround in our spaceship cabinwatching the earth become smaller and the moon larger此处两个由that引导的宾语从句作explained的

13、宾语，其中第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略。该句并非强调句，而是包含“so.that.”结构的句子，“so.that.”引导结果状语从句。此处包含了“too.to.”结构，表示“太而不能”。此处feel its gravity pulling us 属于“感官动词宾语宾补”结构，宾补由现在分词充当，表示主动和动作正在进行。as stong a pull as the earths 为“asadj.a(n)n.as”结构。watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger为现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中包含“watch宾语宾补

14、”结构。When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately.“Come on，” I said.“If you are right, my weight will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely. I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough. I shall certainly weigh less！”I laughed and cl

15、imbed down the steps from the spaceship. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.“Oh dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed” After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.twice

16、as far as意为“的两倍远”，为“倍数asadj./adv.as”结构。此处walking作主语，does为助动词，用来加强语气，now that引导原因状语从句。Leaving the moons gravity was not as painful as leaving the earths. But returning to the earth was very frightening. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increas

17、ed. Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land.“That was very exhausting but very exciting too，”I said.“Now I know much more about gravity! Do you think we could visit some stars next time？”“Of course，” he smiled，“which star would you like to go to？”v.ing短语“Leaving the moons gr

18、avity”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。本句中两个as引导的从句均为时间状语从句；形容词amazed作状语，表示主语“We”当时的感受。月球之旅我的朋友李彦平是一位宇航员，上个月我非常有幸得到同他一起去太空旅行的机会。我们乘宇宙飞船参观了月球！起航前，李彦平向我解释说，在我们的旅途中重力的影响会改变三次，第一次的改变将是最强烈的。随后我们就起航了。随着火箭升入空中，我们被推回到座位上，因为我们正在努力摆脱地球的引力。这种引力如此大以至于我们不能跟彼此说话。渐渐地这种力量慢慢减小，我能同他说话了。我问道：“为什么宇宙飞船不会落回到地球上呢？在地球上，如果我从树上掉下去，我会落到地上的。”李彦平解

19、释说：“现在我们离地球太远了，感觉不到地球的拉力，所以我们感觉好像完全没有引力似的。当我们更接近月球时，我们就会感觉到月球的引力在拉我们，但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那样强。”我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。当我们到达月球时，我想立刻去探索。“快点儿，”我说，“要是你是正确的，我的体重就会比在地球上轻，因为月球比地球小，并且我能更加自由地活动了。如果我在月球上待的时间足够长的话，我甚至可能长得更高，我肯定也会变得更轻！”我笑着从宇宙飞船的台阶上爬下来。但是当我努力向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球

20、上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”过了一会儿，我掌握了走路的要领，接着我们开了始愉快地玩耍。摆脱月球引力不像摆脱地球的引力那样痛苦。但是返回到地球(的经历)是非常吓人的。我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层摩擦起火。当我们回到地面时，我们再次被重重地推到座位上。我说道：“真是累人啊，但也很激动人心。关于引力，我现在就懂得更多了！你认为下次我们可以参观一些恒星吗？”“当然可以，”他笑着说，“你想到哪颗恒星上去呢？” crashvi.& vt.碰撞；坠落；破产n相撞(事故)；(飞机的)坠落；坠落声；撞击声(教材P29)Othe

21、r scientists believe that a comet crashed into the earth long ago and caused the disappearance.其他的科学家们认为很久以前一颗彗星撞到地球上，这导致了(恐龙的)消失。(1)crash in/onto. 撞到里/上(2)a plane/car crash 飞机失事/汽车撞车事故A lot of passengers were killed in the train crash.许多旅客在火车相撞事故中丧生了。There was a terrible plane crash, and the plane

22、crashed into the ground.发生了一起严重的飞机坠毁事件，飞机坠落到了地面上。即学即练单句语法填空As far as I know, he crashed(crash) his car into a wall last night.链接写作完成句子他是飞机坠毁中的唯一生还者。He was the only one to survive the plane crash. pulln& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力(教材P30)As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because w

23、e were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.随着火箭升入太空，我们被推回到座位上，因为我们在努力挣脱地球的引力。pull off 脱(衣、帽等)pull through 康复；完成；使渡过难关pull in (火车)进站；(船)靠岸；驶向路边停靠pull up 停车；停住pull down 拆毁I didnt notice the train had already pulled in.我没有注意到火车已经进站了。The driver pulled up at the gate of our school.司机把车停在我们校门口

24、了。即学即练单句语法填空The old house is dangerous and will have to be pulled downDonald pulled up at the red light and we stopped behind him.Luckily, the doctor said that my father was going to pull through对比记忆 push/pullcheer up感到高兴；感到振奋；(使)高兴；使振奋；振作(教材P31)I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly arou

25、nd in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。(1)cheer sb.on (赛跑比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人； 为某人加油(2)cheerful adj. 快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的When I feel upset, my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.当我忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。We did our

26、 best to cheer him on when he was about to give up.当他将要放弃时我们尽全力鼓励他。即学即练单句语法填空Friends will cheer you on when you are in trouble.She is so cheerful(cheer) that everyone likes her.链接写作完成句子我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely! break out(战争、火灾、疾病、争吵等)

27、突然发生；爆发(教材P31)We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层摩擦起火。break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；分解break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)break into 强行闯入；突然起来break up 解散；打碎；驱散The Second World War broke out in September，1939.第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。A quarr

28、el broke out between them when he told lies to her.当他向她撒了谎时，两人吵了起来。即学即练用break的相关短语填空Her friends came to help her when the war broke outHe broke into the room and stole many famous paintings.The computer system broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.watch out for密切

29、注意；当心；提防，留意(经典例句)Watch out for the haze; it may do great harm to us.当心这种雾霾天气，它可能对我们造成很大的损害。(1)watch out 当心；小心watch over 照看；看守keep a watch on 注意；关注(2)look outtake carebe careful 注意，当心I watch out for them.我会小心照看它们。The police are keeping a watch on his movement.警方正密切注视着他的动向。即学即练单句语法填空I think you should

30、 watch out for that mandont be cheated by him.It was my duty to watch over the children. (教材P31)But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但是当我努力向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。twice as far as.表示“是的两倍远”，是倍数表达法句型之一。英语里常见的倍数表达法有三种：(1)A i

31、s倍数/分数/百分数asadj./adv.(原级) as B(2)A is倍数/分数/百分数adj./adv.(比较级) than B(3)A is倍数/分数/百分数then.(size/weight/length/width等) of BThe new road is four times as wide as the old one.这条新公路是旧公路的四倍宽。The river is three times longer than the one in our city.The river is four times the length of the one in our city.这条河是我们城市那条河的四倍长。