沪教版初中英语八年级上册复习纲要.docx

1、沪教版初中英语八年级上册复习纲要2017年八年级英语上册期末复习提纲Unit 1 Encyclopedia 一、必背词汇及短语重点短语:1. in the countryside 在乡村，在农村 2. human being 人3. die out 灭绝，消失 4. find out 了解，弄清5. go for a walk 去散步 6. be born 出生7. more than 多于，超过 8. just like 正如，正像9. how long 多久 10. would like 想要11. for example 例如 12. next to 紧挨着13. look up 查阅

2、14. live on Earth 生活在地球上15. an Italian painter 一位意大利画家 16. used to do sth 过去常常做某事17. at the end of 在末尾 18. in the centre 在中心19. come out of从出来 20. be famous for 以而闻名be famous as作为而闻名重点句型：1. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. 有的恐龙和鸡一样小。2. Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years bef

3、ore human beings.恐龙早于人类生活在地球上六千多万年。3. Suddenly dinosaurs all died out. 突然恐龙都灭绝了。4. However, we can learn about dinosaurs from their fossils. 然而，我们可以从恐龙的化石了解它们。5. Nobody knows why. 没有人知道其中的原因。6. Would you like some tea? 你想要一些茶吗？二、语法：some /any复合不定代词some一般用于肯定句any 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。（二）some和any的特殊用法：some用在疑问

4、句中，表示请求，建议或希望得到肯定回答。any可用于肯定句，表示“任何的，任一的”，后常接可数名词单数（any+单数名词）。some+单数名词, 表示 某一复合不定代词1.一般说来，由some构成的复合不定代词往往用于肯定句中；而由any构成的复合不定代词则往往用于否定句或疑问句中。注：nobody = not anybody = notanyone= no one nothing=notanything【拓展】由some构成的复合不定代词有时也可用于疑问句中，用来表示请求，建议等语句。2.复合不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式3.形容词修饰复合不定代词something，anything，

5、everything，nothing等时，形容词要后置, 即（不定代词+形容词）eg: something important4.have something to do 有事要做5.There is something wrong with某人/物出了问题6.There is nothing wrong with某人/物没问题 Unit 2 Numbers一、必背词汇及短语重点短语:1. in ones daily life在某人的日常生活 2. play chess 下国际象棋3. a long time ago 很早以前 4. challengeto向（某人）挑战5.win the ga

6、me 赢得比赛 6. a grain of rice一粒米7.double the amount 数量的两倍 8. so that 为的是，以便9.order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事 10. ask sb for help 向某人求救11. for sure 确保，无疑 12. give sb good advice 给某人好的建议13. make money = earn money 赚钱 14.follow ones advice 接受某人建议15.not any more 不再 16. work hard 努力工作17. all the year round 全年 18

7、. take place发生19. promise to do sth 承诺做某事 20. in this way 用这种方法21. at first 起初 22. copy down 抄写，誊写23. taketo 带去 24. in a year 一年后 25. a number of = many 许多(后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数) the number of 的数量(后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数)26. be made from由制成(看不出原材料) be made of 由制成 （看得出原材料）27. enough + 名词 + to do sth 足够干某事 形容词+en

8、ough28. would like to do sth = feel like doing sth = want to do sth 想要做某事重点句型：1. Whats 6 minus 6? 六减六等于多少呢？2. From then on he was not lazy any more. 从那以后，他不再懒惰。3. Hello, this is Joyce speaking. 你好，我是乔伊斯。4. Wouldnt you like gold or silver instead? 难道你不想要金子或银子代替吗？Unit 3 Computer一、必背词汇及短语重点词组1. work as

9、 从事工作 2. be unaware of 没意识到，为觉察到3. depend on 依靠 4. in addition 除以外（还）5. grand total 总计，共计 6. look forward to(介词)+ n/Ving 盼望，期待7. be made of 由 制成 8. what about = how about + n/Ving 怎么样?9. how often 多久一次 10. be short of 缺少11. in front of 在前面（外部） 12. be bad for 对有坏处 in the front of 在前面（内部） be good for对

10、有好处13. talk to sb 和某人交谈 14. stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 talk about sth 谈论某事15. be able to do sth = can do sth 能够干某事重点句子：1. What were the first computers like? 最初的计算机怎么样2. What do you think of the computers, Frank? 弗兰克，你认为计算机怎么样？3. How much time do you spend playing computer games every week? 每周你花

11、多少时间玩电脑游戏？4. Can I help you, sir？先生，你要买点什么？1. Now computers are becoming smaller and better. 现在计算机正变得更小更好。2. But it works at a much faster speed than my old one. 但它的运行速度比我的旧计算机快得多。3. Which kind of computers are better, desktops or laptops? 哪种电脑更好，台式电脑还是笔记本电脑?4. This is the most expensive model. 这是最贵

12、的型号。 Unit 4 Inventions一、必背词汇及短语重点词组1. since then 自那以来 2. instead of prep.代替，作为的替换3. keep in touch with 与保持联系 4. in the daytime 在白天5. keepoff 使不接近，远离 6. at the same time 同时7. throw away 扔掉 15. feel+adj 觉得 8. turn into 变成 9. make a mess 弄得一团糟 10. lead to 导致，引起，通向 11. begin to do sth 开始做某事 12. allow sb

13、 to do sth 允许做某事 13. imagine doing sth 想象做某事 14.make sb do sth 使某人做某事 16. in the early 19th century在19世纪早期重点句子：1. After its invention, travelling became faster and more comfortable. 在它发明之后，旅游就变得 更快更舒服了。2. In the early 19th century, the first trains began to carry passengers. 在19世纪早期，第一批火车开始载乘客。3. At

14、 the start of the 20th century, cars became popular. 在20世纪初，小汽车变得流行起来。4. Since then, people have been able to speak each other over long distances. 自从那时起，人们就能和很遥远的人彼此通话。5. They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere. 他们允许任命随时随地保持联系。6. With light bulb, people can do as many t

15、hings in the evening as they can in the daytime. 用灯泡，人们可以在晚上做与白天一样多的事。7. With light bulb, people can do as many things in the evening as they can in the daytime.8. Who got a better mark in Art, Belinda or Daisy? Unit 5 Educational exchange一、必背词汇及短语 重点词组1. educational exchange 教育交流 2. an exchange vis

16、it 一个交流参观3. host family寄宿家庭 4. learn to use 学着用5. at the weekend 在周末 6. place of interest 名胜古迹7. a fantastic experience 一次极好的经历 8. at first 起初，起先= in the beginning9. so far 到目前为止，迄今为止 10. a bit of 小量11. introduceto. 使初次了解 12. as well也13. keep in touch with 保持联系 14. take part in参加15. be the same as 与

17、相同 16. come over (to) (远距离) 从到17. be proud of/take pride in以为自豪18. one and a half years=one year and a half19. on time 准时/in time 及时 20. get ready for sth 为某事做准备21. deal with 对待，处理 22.one another= each other 彼此23. be glad to do sth 很开心地做某事 24. the rest of 剩余部分25. be friendly to sb 对某人友好/ make friend

18、s with sb 与某人交朋友26. plan to do sth 计划做某事 27. try to do sth 尽力做某事28. cant wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 29. practice doing sth 练习做某事 重点句子：1. Why not do sth? 为什么不做？2. What do they think of the exchange visit? 他们认为这次交流访问怎么样？3. The students spend the weekdays studying with Chinese students. 学生们与中国学生一起学习度过工作日。4

19、. They taught our students how to use chopsticks.他们教我们的学生如何使用筷子。5. Im glad to be a guest in their home. 我非常开心地成为他们家的客人。6. Ive met lots of Chinese students. 我遇到了许多中国学生。7. What have you learnt? 你了解什么？Unit 6 Ancient stories一、 必备词汇及短语重点词组10. have been to 去过某地 have gone to 去了某地 have been in 在某地11. make a

20、 joke/jokes about sb/sth 拿开玩笑=laugh at 12. look down at 俯视 13. fillwith 把 装/填/充满 14. the differences betweenand15. a ticket to 的票 16. succeed in doing sth 成功干某事17. “within+ 一段时间” “一段时间内” 1. act out 将表演出来 2. in ancient times 在古代3. except for 除.之外 4. be full of = be filled with 大量的，许多的，充满5. in the end

21、 最后 6. come on 加油，加把劲7. so much 这么多 8. in the future 将来，未来 in future从今，以后=from now on9.think of 想起，想到 重点句子：1. I have not laughed like this since my childhood. 我从小就没有这样笑过。2. By midnight, the main square was empty, except for the huge horse. 到了午夜，除了这匹巨型木 马之外，主广场空荡荡的。3. They quietly climbed out of the

22、horse one by one. 他们一个个悄悄地从木马里爬出来。4. Only a few people know about this information. 只有少数人知道关于这个信息的情况。5. The Greek army entered the city. 希腊军队进了城。6. In one night, however, they succeeded in capturing it through a clever trick. 然而，在一个晚上， 他们采取了一个聪明的计谋成功地攻下了特洛伊城。7. Ive lived in Shanghai since November 1

23、998. 我自从1998年11月就住在上海。8. I have studied History for two years. 我学习历史两年了。现在完成时的四个考点：1. have been to /have gone to /have been in 的区别have been to +地点 表示曾经去过某地，现人已返回。(once ,twice.)have gone to +地点 表示人已去了某地，人还未返回。(where is sb ?)have been in +地点 表示在某地呆多长时间。（for./ since .）2. 现在完成时和一般过去时区别现在完成时与现在有关的时态，他侧重于

24、过去的动作对现在造成的影响。一般过去时侧重于表示过去的动作与现在无关，若询问该动作发生在过去的具体的时间时，只能用一般过去时。 3.since 和for 区别since + 时间点（过去一个时间点/ 一段时间 + ago/ 从句）for + 时间段,与延续性动词连用。4. 短暂性动词和延续性动词区别 短暂性动词：表示不能延续的动作 延续性动词：表示能够延续的动作短暂动词不能和时间段连用，若与时间段连用，必须将短暂性动词改成延续性动词。 短暂性动词和延续性动词的转换(1) 短暂性动词转化为意思相同的延续性动词(2)将短暂性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”5. 现在完成时的主要句型1). 主语+h

25、ave/has +延续性动词的过去分词+ for+ 时间段2). 主语+have/has +延续性动词的过去分词+since 时间点 /since+一般过去时.3). Its +时间段+since +一般过去时Unit 7 Memory一、必背词汇及短语重点词组1. take out （从银行账户中）提取（款） 2. pour out 涌出3. write down 写下，记下 4. for example 例如5. betweenand 在和之间 6. plan to do sth 计划干某事7. help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事 8. wish to do sth 希望干某事9

26、. have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有麻烦 be in trouble with 与相处有麻烦/ getinto trouble 使陷入困境10. practice doing sth 练习做某事11. give sb sth/ give sth to sb 给某人某物 12. buy sth for sb 为某人买某物13. far away 远离 14. live a healthy life 过健康的生活15. one the other一个另一个 16. have to 不得不17. Its + adj + for sb + to do sth 对某人来说

27、做某事是重点句子：1. A great way to help you remember something is to imagine a picture of it in your mind. 帮你记住某物的一个好方法是在脑海里想象它的一幅画面。2. Remember：a picture is worth a thousand words. 记住：一幅图片胜过千言万语。3. If you wish to get a good job, there are many important steps you should take. 如果你希望得到一个好工作，有许多你应该采取的重要步骤。4.

28、Unless you get enough sleep every night, you will not remember things well. 除非你每晚有充足的睡眠，否则你将记性不好。5. You will be late for school if you do not leave now. 如果你不现在离开，你将会上学迟到。6. How to improve your memory? 如何提高你的记忆？7.What happen if you take a fish out of water?8.You will be late for school if you do not

29、leave now.【语法全解】If 引导的条件状语句引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if。 if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种（非真实条件句会在以后的虚拟语气中阐述），其引导的真实条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。1) 如果 if 条件句讲述自然规律，肯定会发生的事情或客观事实，主句和if从句都用一般现在时态。（主现从现）2) 在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，谈论将来可能出现的情况时，主句： 一般将来时态 祈使句 + if从句（一般现在时态） 情态动词（主现从现）If you put a piece of paper into water, it gets wet. 如

30、果你把一张纸放进水中，它会变湿。（主将从现）Ill buy a car if I have enough money. 如果我有足够的钱， 我会买一辆车。（主祈从现）Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话，请举手。(主情从现) If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly. 如果我早早地到那里， 我就可以快点看病。【注意】 此处if引导的从句，还可由 when， as soon as(一就), （not）until （直到才），unless(除非)来引导。Unless引导的条件状语从句unless引导的条件状语从句：unless= if not “除非, 如果不”位置： 由if引导的条件状语从句，可放在主句前面或后面。Unit 8 English week一、必背词汇及短语 重点词组1. treasure hunt 寻宝游戏 2. in public 公开地，在别人面前3. put on 上演 4. in my opinion 依我看5. above all 最重要的是，尤其是 6. look out 小心，当心7. tell