unit4 Astronomy 语言点.docx

1、unit4 Astronomy 语言点目标认知重点词汇：explode，escape ，depend ，encourage，violent，presence，allow，lay，exist，remain，prevent，force，pull，cheer，exhaust，warn，possible重点短语：in ones turn，in time，a bit of重点句型：“be to+动词原形”的用法it作形式宾语whether的用法知识讲解重点词汇【高清课堂：403623 Astronomy 探秘天文学 精讲词汇】explode重点例句：It exploded loudly with fir

2、e and rock.explode (v.)爆炸，爆发(1) explode with anger 勃然大怒 explode into laughter 放声大笑 the exploding world population 迅速增长的世界人口(2) explosion (n.)爆炸 explosive (adj.)易爆的 (n.) 爆炸物；炸药；迸发(感情)；(人口等)突增完成句子(1)Two bombs _ (爆炸) in front of the park gate，causing two deaths.(2)Suddenly Charles _ (勃然大怒)(3)There will

3、 be no standing room on the earth _(由于激增的世界人口)escape重点例句：They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevent heat from escaping from the earth into space.escape (v.)逃跑，逃避(n.)逃脱作为动词，常用于下列结构或短语中：escape from.从逃走escape sth.逃避某事escape doing sth.(不能接to do形式)逃避做某事sth. escape sb./sb.

4、s attention/sb.s notice某物没引起某人的注意；某人没记住某物翻译句子(1)这个男孩逃过了处罚，真幸运。_(2)我想不起这个单词。_(3)四个罪犯从监狱中逃出来了。_depend重点例句：Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. (v.) 依靠，依赖(1) depend on/upon sb./sth./v.ing 依赖，依靠，信赖 depend on sb. to do st

5、h. 依靠/相信某人做某事 depend on sb./sth. for sth. 靠某人供给某物 depend on sth./wh 视而定，取决于 depend on it 常用于句首或句末，意为“请放心，没问题” It/That (all) depends. 那得看情况而定。(2) depend on=count on=rely on sb. 信任/相信/依赖/依靠 believe sb.相信某人(所说的话) believe in sb.相信/信任/信赖某人 trust (in) sb.相信/信任/信赖某人encourage【原句回放】They multiplied and filled

6、 the oceans and seas with oxygen，which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish(P26)它们繁殖起来就使得海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及其他各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。 【点拨】 encourage vt. 鼓励，鼓舞encourage sb. to do sth鼓励某人做某事 激励，促进High prices encouraged farming高价格刺激了农业。【拓展】 encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的 encouragemen

7、t n. 鼓舞，鼓励 courage n. 勇气 discourage vt. 使泄气 discouraging adj. 令人泄气的，令人沮丧的 discourage sb. from doing阻止某人做violent【原句回放】The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not(P25)地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。【点拨】violent adj. 剧烈的，猛烈的，使用暴力的 a violent attack猛烈的攻击 He gave

8、the man a violent blow 他给了那个人猛烈的一击。 (人)暴力的，粗暴的 He was violent when he got drunk 他喝醉后很粗暴。【拓展】violence n. 暴力，猛烈violently adv. 激烈地，粗暴地presence 【原句回放】What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas(P26)很多

9、科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。【点拨】presence n存在；出席，在场常用结构 in the presence of sb. in sbs presence当着某人的面；有某人在场 presence of mind危难中镇定自若；遇事不慌 lose ones presence of mind心慌意乱 Your presence is requested敬请光临。She asked them not to discuss the matter in her presence 她请求他们不要当着她的面讨论这个问题。【拓展】 present ad

10、j. 出席的，在场的；现在的，当前的 absence n. 缺席，不在场 absent adj. 缺席的，不在场的 absent-minded adj心不在焉的be absent from school / work / a meeting不上学/上班/到会allow【原句回放】What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas(P26)很多科学家相信，

11、由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。【点拨】allow v. 允许，许可 doing sth. 允许做某事allow + sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事allow sb. sth. 允许某人某事My boss doesnt allow me to use the telephone 我的老板不允许我使用电话。 Passengers are not allowed to smoke 乘客不得吸烟。 We dont allow smoking in our house 我们不允许有人在我们家里吸烟。 Their teacher allowed them

12、 three days for the assignment 他们的老师给他们三天时间完成作业。lay【原句回放】They produced young generally by laying eggs(P26)它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。 【点拨】lay v. 下蛋，放置 lay the book on the table把书放在桌上 The hens are not laying well现在那些母鸡不爱下蛋。【拓展】 lay的相关短语： lay off(暂时)解雇 lay out展开；布局，安排 lay down放下 lay aside把放一边 lay sth. up储备某物 lay

13、 sth. on供应某物易混辨析 注意下列动词的过去式、过去分词及现在分词形式：动词原形词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺，位于laylainlyinglay放置，产卵laidlaidlayingexist【原句回放】They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years(P26)它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了1.4亿多年。【点拨】 exist vi. 存在；生存归纳拓展【拓展】existence n. 存在existing adj. 目前的，现存的come into

14、 existence开始存在in existence存在the most magnificent bridge in existence现有的最雄伟的大桥remain【原句回放】Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery(P26)它们为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。【点拨】 remain link v. 保持不变，仍是常用结构 remain modest and prudent保持谦虚谨慎 I went to the city，but my brother remained at home 我去了城市，可弟弟留在了家里。 In sp

15、ite of their quarrel，they remained the best of friends 他们尽管吵过架，却仍不失为最好的朋友【拓展】 remains n. 剩余物，废墟 remaining adj. 剩余的(作前置定语) the remaining money剩下的钱温馨提示 remain不能用于被动结构。prevent【原句回放】. which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space(P26)这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。【点拨】(1)prevent v. 阻止，预防 Vitamin C is s

16、upposed to prevent colds 维生素C被认为能预防感冒。 They came in time to prevent an accident 他们及时赶到避免了一场事故。【拓展】 “阻止某人/某物做某事”的表达方法： prevent sb. /sth. (from)doing sth. stop sb. /sth. (from)doing sth. keep sb. /sth. from doing sth.Who prevents their plans(from) being carried out? 谁阻止他们的计划被实施? (2)escape v. & n. 逃脱，避

17、开，溜走；安全出口 escape from. 逃离 escape doing. 逃避 escape from prison越狱 escape being punishedescape punishment 逃脱被惩罚，免受惩罚 Gas is escaping from the pipe 煤气正从管中溢出。 We were lucky to escape being punished我们很幸运，没有受罚。force【原句回放】Before we left，Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three

18、 times on our journey.(P30)在我们离开之前，李彦平解释说旅途中引力将变化三次【点拨】force n. 暴力，武力 by force 用暴力，用武力 部队；兵力 the air force空军 vt. 强迫 force sb. to do / into doing强迫某人做 The soldiers took the prisoners away by force 士兵们强行把犯人带走了。 He forced himself to speak to her 他硬着头皮和她搭话。【拓展】 put.into force使生效 come into force生效，实施 for

19、ce the door open强行打开门 force a smile勉强一笑 When do the new safety rules come into force? 新的安全规则何时生效?pull【原句回放】. because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity(P30)因为我们正在努力脱离地球的引力。【点拨】 pull (1)n. 拉(力)，引力 the pull of the earth地球的引力 He gave a strong pull at the rope 他用力拉了拉绳子。 (2)vt. 拉，牵 P

20、ull the door openDont push it 把门拉开。不要推。【拓展】pull相关短语： pull sb. up把某人往上拽 pull apart把拉开 pull down拆毁 pull in(车)停下，(车)到站；(船)到岸 pull off(take off)脱去，驶离(道路至路边停下) pull over(车辆)停在路边 pull out(火车)驶出车站 pull on(put on)穿上 pull through(使)渡过危机难关cheer【原句回放】I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in

21、our spaceship cabin.(P31)我立刻感到很高兴。由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去【点拨】 cheer n. 愉快，激励，欢呼 vi. 欢呼，喝彩 They cheered loudly他们大声欢呼起来。 vt. 使高兴，使振奋 cheer sb. 使某人高兴起来 cheer up感到振奋，感到高兴 Hes always full of cheer in summer 夏天他总是高高兴兴的。 The good news of our football team winning the game cheered up everybody who heard it 我们足球队获胜的喜

22、讯使每一个听到的人都感到高兴。exhaust【原句回放】That was very exhausting but very exciting too(P31)真是精疲力竭了，但也很激动人心【点拨】 exhaust vt. 使疲惫不堪；耗尽 exhaust the supply of water耗尽供水 exhaust ones patience/strength 失去耐性/用尽力气 The long cycle ride exhausted her 她因长途骑车而疲惫不堪。【拓展】 exhausting adj. 令人疲倦的 The hard work is exhausting 艰苦的工作令

23、人疲惫。warn【原句回放】The spaceship warned Li Yanping and me to be ready.(P66) 飞船警告我和李彦平做好准备【点拨】 warn v. 警告常用结构 warn sb. of/about/against(doing) sth警告某人当心某事 warn sb. to do/not t0 do sth. 警告某人做不要做某事 warn sb. +that从句警告某人 She has been warned of the danger of driving the car in that state 已经警告过她，汽车那样开起来有危险。 The

24、y warned her that if she did it again she would be sent to prison 他们警告她说她再这么做就把她关进监狱。 They were warned not to climb the mountain in such bad weather 已经劝过他们天气这么坏不要攀登那座山。【拓展】 warning n. 警报，警告 possible【原句回放】This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop(P26)这就产生了连锁反应。使得生命有可能开

25、始发展了。【点拨】possible adj. 可能的易混辨析 possible，probable，likely 含义的不同 possible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味。 probable比possible可能性大，表“很可能、大概”，指有实际依据或逻辑上的合情合理。 likely指从外表迹象进行判断有可能。 句型搭配不同 It is possible / probable / likely + that从句 sb. is likely to do sth(不能用possible/probable) It is possible for sb. to do sth. as.as

26、possible It is possible for me to do it 我可能做那件事。(不能说Im possible to do it) He made it possible for me to do it 他使我可能做这件事。(不能说He made me possible to do it) He is likely to comeIt is likely that he will come他可能来。(不能说It is likely for him to come) I need to see you fight away，if possible 可能的话，我要马上看到你。温馨提

27、示 名词前有all，every，the only，the best及其他形容词最高级修饰时，possible宜置于名词之后，作后置定语。如： This is the only way possible这是唯一可行的方法。 ()Ill study as hard as possible(as I can) ()Ill study hard as possible as I can重点短语in ones turn【原句回放】Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet(P26)于是，他们接着

28、成为这个行星上最重要的动物。【点拨】 in ones turn轮到某人 The increase of production in turn influences their income 产量增加反过来影响了他们的收入。 The girls called out their names in turn 那些女孩儿逐一报出自己的名字。 We did the work by turns 我们是轮流做这项工作的。【拓展】 Its ones turn to do sth轮到/该某人做某事 in turn依次；反之，反过来by turns轮流；交替地in time 【原句回放】They were in

29、 time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earths atmosphere(P25)最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。 【点拨】 in time 迟早；最后Youll succeed in time 及时in time for sth. / in time to do They were just in time for the bus 他们及时赶上了公共汽车。 We arrived at the concert hall in good time 我们及时到达音乐厅。【拓展】 time相关词组： ahead of time提前 all the time一直 at any time在任何时候 at no time在任何时候都不 in no time立刻 at a time一次，每次 at one time曾经，同时 at the same time同时 from time to time时不时地，偶尔 on time准时 take ones tim