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初中英语语法时态整理.docx

1、初中英语语法时态整理 初中英语八大时态全套精讲.1 一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语: every , sometimes, at , on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,

2、从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand

3、 back. 第二句中的now 是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。二. 构成及变化1、be 动词的变化肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker. 他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?2、行为动词的变化当主语为第一,二人称及复数时,助动词为do肯定句:主语+动

4、词原形(+其它) 。 如: We often play basketball after school.否定句:主语+ dont+动词原形(+其它) 。 如:we dont play basketball after school.一般疑问句:Do +主语+动词原形+其它? 如: Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont.特殊疑问句:疑问词+以do 开头的一般疑问句? 如: What do you often do after school ? 当主语为第三人称单数时 , 助动词为does肯定句

5、:主语+动词三单式(+其它) 。如: He swims well.否定句:主语+ doesnt+动词原形(+其它) 。如:He doesnt swim well.一般疑问句:Does +主语+动词原形+其它。如:Does he swim well ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.特殊疑问句:疑问词+以does 开头的一般疑问句?如: How does your father go to work?三、第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中,动词才用三单式)(1)多数动词直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes pla

6、ys climbs.(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母, 结尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3)动词末尾y 前为辅音:将y 改为i 加es:1study studies flyflies carrycarries crycries但在y 前如果为元音则直接加s:buys says2 一般过去时的用法1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有:yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 yesterday morning

7、 (afternoon, evening ) last night (week, month, year), a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago just now,等。Where did you go just now?2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3)句型:It

8、 is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示 宁愿某人做某事Id rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些

9、。比较: 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。1)动词want

10、, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2)情态动词 could, would.Could you lend me your bike?3 used to / be used toused to + do: 过去常常 表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful.Scarf used to take a walk. (过去常常散步)be used to + doing: 对已感到习惯,或

11、 习惯于 ,to 是介词,后需加名词或动名词。 He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)典型例题- Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.2- Its 69568442.A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看 出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。二、构成及变化1. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:am 和is 在一般过去时中变为was 。(wa

12、s not=wasnt)are 在一般过去时中变为were 。(were not=werent)带有was 或were 的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are 一样,即否定句在was 或were 后加not ,一般疑问句把was 或were 调到句首。2. 行为动词在一般过去时中的变化:肯定句 : 主语 + 动词的过去式 .I watched a film last Sunday .否定句 : 主语+ didnt + 动词原形.I didnt watch a film last Sunday .一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ?Did you watch a film

13、last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didnt .特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 以did 开头的一般疑问句 ?What did you do last Sunday ?3、现在进行时一、意义当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。时间标志now ,句前的look ,listen二、构成:be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing 形式肯定句: 主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他)I m doing my homework now .否定句:主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他.I m not doing my homework now.

14、一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词-ing +其他?Are you doing your home work now?Yes, I am . No , Im not .特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他?What are you doing now ?三、现在分词的构成:(1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing,(2)以不发音字母e 结尾的动词,先去掉e, 再加ing ,如 skate skating make making dance dancing write writing have having ride riding come coming(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有

15、一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing, 如: putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting forgetting letting四、现在进行时的基本用法:a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。We are waiting for you.b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr. Green is writing another novel.3(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)She is learning

16、piano under Mr. Smith.c. 表示渐变的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind.典型例题My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it

17、.A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont find C. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found.答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。9 不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continueI have two brothers.This

18、 house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateI need your help.He loves her very much.3 ) 瞬间动词accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your

19、advice.4) 系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little tired.4 过去进行时1)概念:过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。3) 常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, w

20、hile My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.典型例题1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同 时,when 表时间的同时性,

21、 玛丽在做衣服时 提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep.read ; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell答案B. 句中的as = when, while,意为 当之时 。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。 句中的 fell (fall的过去时) ,是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。一、过去进行时结构:否定句则在w

22、as/were后加一个not, 疑问句将was/were提前则可。如:He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday.He was not reading a book at 5:00 yesterday.Was he reading a book at 5:00 yesterday? (Yes, he was./ No, he wasnt.) What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday?二、过去进行时用法:1. 过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,常和表示过去的状语连用。如:午昨天这个时候他们在踢足球。2. 过去进行时

23、也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常与,到1998年,他正在耶鲁大学教书。3. 过去进行时与频度副词always forever, continually , constantly 等连用时表示过去经常反复的动作,常常带有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪。My sister was always forgetting things.(表示埋怨)He was always helping others. (表示赞扬)4. 过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作,同样,过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作,常用在间接引语中。Lucy arrived in B

24、eijing last Friday. But shefor Hong Kong the next morning. 上周五Lucy 到达北京,但第二天早晨就要动身去香港了。She asked him if he back for lunch. 她问他午饭是否准备回来吃。5(1是说用一般过去时,只表示有过这件事;用过去进行时,则强调动作的连续性。 I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写了一封信。(信写完了)I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在写一封信。(信不一定写完) The children watched

25、 TV yesterday evening. 昨天晚上孩子们看了电视。(强调过去发生了这件事) The children were watching TV yesterday evening. 昨晚孩子们都在看电视。(强调昨晚看电视这一动作的持续性)(2) 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be , like , love , hate , fear , own , hear ,see , know , want , notice) 可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于进行时。如:I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food

26、. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。(3) 一般过去时与always , constantly , forever , continually 等连用,表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”; 而过去进行时与always , constantly , forever , continually 等连用,表示动作的重复,常带有感*彩。如:He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。(4) 有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时,但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的; 而过去进行时表示

27、一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。如:I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议6. 使用过去进行时应注意的几点(1) 动词hope , wonder 等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求,虽然表示现在的内容,但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。如:I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否过来跟我们一起活动? 7下面几种情况不用

28、一般过去时而要用过去进行时:(1). 表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如:Tom was getting up at six oclock every day that week. 汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。(2). 与always 连用表示赞美,厌烦等感情色彩时。如:John was always coming to school late. 约翰上学总是迟到。Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷锋总是为人民做好事。(3) 用来描写故事发生的情景时。如:It was a dark night. The wind

29、 was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.那是一个漆黑的夜晚,风刮得很厉害,雨下得很大,一个解放军战士突然出现在河岸上,他想过河去。(4) when 作并列连词,表示“(这时) 突然”之意时,第一个并列分句用过去进行时,when 引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如:I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步,突然遇见了他。We were playi

30、ng outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩,这时下起雨来了。(5) go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如:I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武汉。She was coming later. 她随后就来。8过去进行时表示婉转语气(只限于want, hope, wonder 等动词) ,用以提出请求。如:I was wondering if you could help me.I was hoping you could send me home.

31、三、when, while 的用法when 和while 与过去进行时有着密切的关系,他们作从属连词时都有“当. 时候”之意, 用法稍有不同: 过去进行时,从句动作发生在主句动作的时间段之内(长动作用过去进行时,短动作 when 从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;while 和as 从句的eg. 过去进行时巩固练习:(聪明的你一定能全部做对)1 2 3 4 5 What book _ you at four yesterdayafternoon?6, her son _ (play) outside the room.7 8 意为熄灭9 -Oh, I _ (read) some books on science.11.- Did you see Tim just now?- Yes. He _

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