高考英语二轮专题复习练习专题一 阅读理解 考点4 词义猜测题1.docx

1、高考英语二轮专题复习练习专题一 阅读理解 考点4 词义猜测题1考点4词义猜测题A(2018全国，B)Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance.These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries，strawberries are h

2、ighest in vitamin C，although，because of their seeds，raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质)，iron and zinc(not that fruits have much protein).Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物质).The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vit

3、amin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries(樱桃)，they are so delicious who cares？However，they are rich in vitamin CWhen combined with berries or slices of other fruits，frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick，cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”.For this purpose，select ripe banan

4、as for freezing as they are much sweeter.Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.If you like，a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.Frozen bananas will last several weeks，depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the fre

5、ezer.If you have a_juicer，you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.Out comes a “softserve” creamy dessert，to be eaten right away.This makes a fun activity for a childrens party；they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the i

6、ce cream come out below.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了七月给我们带来的多种浆果和核果，并告诉我们它们富含的营养和可以制成的美食。What does the author seem to like about cherries？ _C_ AThey contain protein. BThey are high in vitamin ACThey have a pleasant taste. DThey are rich in antioxidants.解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“As for cherries，they are so delicious wh

7、o cares？至于樱桃，它们味道甜美，(至于其他方面)谁会在乎呢？”可知，C项陈述与之吻合。Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas？ _B_ ATo make them smell better. BTo keep their colour.CTo speed up their ripening. DTo improve their nutrition.解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的fresh lemon juice可以定位到第三段最后部分。由“If you like，a squeeze of fresh lemon juice o

8、n the bananas will prevent them turning brown.”可知，往香蕉上挤一些新鲜的柠檬汁能保护香蕉在冷冻的时候不变色，故选B项。What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph？ _D_ AA dessert. BA drink.CA container. DA machine.解析：词义猜测题。最后一段中画线词处的语境提到“喂食”(feed in)，“吐出”(out comes)，“放进机器的顶部” (into the top of the machine)，从这些信息词判断画线词指的是一种机器，因此选D。From whi

9、ch is the text probably taken？ _B_ AA biology textbook. BA health magazine.CA research paper. DA travel brochure.解析：推理判断题。本题考查文章的出处。从全文内容看，第一段提到丰收的七月带来的果实，说这些水果好比储存营养的小“动力室”；第二段提到山莓等各种水果含有的维生素等营养成分；第三、四段提到利用这些水果制作各种美食。因此本文应该摘选自健康类的杂志。故选B项。B(2018浙江，B)Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His st

10、range habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter，including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.A

11、mericans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台).The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California，including Los Angeles.Eyeing these_headwinds，plastic bag

12、makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers arguments：many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags，which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport

13、.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at，they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is，the longer its life and the more plasticbag us

14、e it cancels out.However，longerlasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists dont dispute(质疑)these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want sh

15、oppers to use the same reusable bags for years.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主题是“人与自然”，人与自然如何和谐相处？一个小小塑料购物袋的使用就体现了人与自然的相处之道。塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”，在美国加利福尼亚州约有90个城市禁止使用塑料购物袋；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策用可以重复利用的购物袋，虽然这种购物袋的制作和运输成本高；环保专家认为塑料袋和纸袋都不要用。What has Steven Stein been hired to do？ _D_ AHelp increase grocery sales. BRecycle the waste

16、material.CStop things falling off trucks. DArgue for the use of plastic bags.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“.are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.”可知，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的坏处，所以D项“据理支持使用塑料袋”正确。What

17、 does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to？ _A_ ABans on plastic bags. BEffects of city development.CHeadaches caused by garbage. DPlastic bags hung in trees.解析：词义猜测题。画线单词所在句意为“看到这种逆风，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的坏处”。联系上一句“The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in.”可知，

18、A项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plasticbag makers？ _D_ AThey are quite expensive.BReplacing them can be difficult.CThey are less strong than plastic bags.DProducing them requires more energy.解析：细节理解题。根据题干信息“可重复使用的购物袋的缺点”可定位到文章第四段倒数第二句“.longerlasting reusable bag

19、s often require more energy to make.”，这种长期可重复使用的购物袋的制作需要更多的能源，故选D项。What is the best title for the text？ _A_ APlastic，Paper or Neither BIndustry，Pollution and EnvironmentCRecycle or Throw Away DGarbage Collection and Waste Control解析：主旨大意题。本文主要叙述了三方面的内容：塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策用可重复使用的购物袋；环保专家希望塑料袋和

20、纸袋都不用。故A项“塑料袋、纸袋或者两者都不用”可作为文章的最佳标题。名 师 点 津词句猜测题主要考查根据阅读材料提供的信息，结合所应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词、词组的合义和熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及某一句子的意思。做题时需要注意：1明晰三类常见设问方式：(1)词意义：The underlined word/phrase.probably means/can be replaced by _ .Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined world/phrase.？(2)指代类：What does th

21、e underlined word “this/that/it/they.” refer to？The underlined part “this/that/it/they.” refers to _ .(3)句意类：The underlined sentence in the .paragraph probably means _ .What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph.？2判断三种正确选项特征：(1)合义和其字面意思没有任何的关系。(2)上下文逻辑通顺。(3)与原句意思最接近。3识别三类干扰选项特点：(1)与

22、所考词汇形似。(2)如果考的是熟词，含有常规词义的往往是错误选项。(3)句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。1语境分析猜词义文章中的任何单词和句子在内容上都不是孤立的，都与其所在的句子、段落及整篇文章有关。因此，应该利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行符合逻辑的分析，并依此来猜测词义或者句意。(1)同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用or，that is (to say)，in other words，namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释。(2)因果推断法。对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行。(3)前后对

23、比法。上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测生词意思。(4)语境理解法。生词词义的推测大多根据语境进行，做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理，从而猜测出生词的意义。(5)基本构词法。根据前缀、后缀，合成及词性转换猜测词义。典例1(2016全国，C片段)I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012，Ive done 89 trips of those，51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)

24、in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.In all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，weve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.Which of the following can replace the underline

25、d word “courier” in Paragraph 1？Aprovider Bdelivery manCcollector Dmedical doctor解题思路第一步确定题干中的关键信息 _the_underlined_word_“courier”_in_Paragraph_1_ 第二步定位到原文信息句，并标出关键词 Ive done 89 tripsI have 42 hours so carry stem cells in my little box. 第三步比对选项得出答案 _B_ 典例2(2017全国，D片段)A buildityourself solar still(蒸馏器

26、) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.Developed by two doctors in the US.Department of Agriculture，its an excellent water collector.Unfortunately，you must carry the necessary equipment with you，since its all but impossible to find natur

27、al substitutes.The only components required，though，are a 5 5 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic，six feet of plastic tube，and a containerperhaps just a drinking cupto catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still，use a

28、sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the_water_catchers productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs

29、upand outthe side of the hole.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to？AThe tube. BThe still.CThe hole. DThe cup.解题思路第一步确定题干中的关键信息 _the_underlined_phrase_“the_water_catcher”_in_paragraph_2_ 第二步定位到原文信息词 _To_construct_a_working_still_ 第三步对比选项得出答案 _B_ 典例3(2016全国，C片段)T

30、here are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette，but youll need a warm，sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it，so its a_pipe_dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.What does the underlined phrase “a pi

31、pe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？AA practical idea. BA vain hope.CA brilliant plan. DA selfish desire.解题思路第一步确定题干中的关键信息 _the_underlined_phrase_“a_pipe_dream”_in_Paragraph_3_ 第二步定位到原文信息词 _One_of_the_very_best_varieties_for_eating_quality_is_Orleans_Reinette，_but_youll_need_a_warm，_sheltered_place_with_perfect_soil_to_grow_it，_so._ 第三步对比选项得出答案 _B_ 典例4(2018全国，C片段)Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries，trade，indu