北外四级考前冲刺模拟题10.docx

1、北外四级考前冲刺模拟题10Test 10Part I: Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Job Problem for Graduates. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1大学毕业生在择业方面有什么变化2导致这种变化的原因是什么3就如何解决这个问题给出你的建议Part II:

2、 Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) i

3、f the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Rules for Unconventional Research After years of observing and sometimes particip

4、ating in the “fringe science” arena, Ive comeup with a set of rules which I try to follow.Rule One: If Ive made a discovery which violates the laws of conventional physics, then Ive almost definitely made a mistake somewhere. Seriously! Even though Im involved with non-mainstream science, I intentio

5、nally maintain this “skeptic” belief for many reasons. If I let myself start “knowing” that Ive found anomaly, I will stop, trying to double-check the results, trying to think up conventional explanations, trying to look for mistakes, looking for subtle ways Ive fooled myself. Ive seen how easy it i

6、s for people to talk themselves into things. I want to avoid these traps. Second, if I keep strongly suspecting an error, I will resist the temptation to let my ego get the better of me. I know the extent and the power of my ego, and that delusions of being great are very easy to fall into.Rule Two:

7、 Publicize it and let others help me find my mistake. Avoid SECRECY, the destroyer of new science. This rule is a natural consequence of rule one: If I intentionally maintain a conviction that there is a mistake somewhere, then wide publicity is the fastest way to get help in finding it. If instead

8、I hide my discovery, from all the greedy people who want to steal it, then I also subvert (搅乱) the whole process of idea-testing by fellow researchers. If my discovery is a mistake or delusion, others may help me discover this, but if I keep it secret, I may remain deluded for decades. Ive come to s

9、ee that there is one big thing that ruins these fields of amateur research. That thing is SECRECY. Every time amateurs think theyve stumbled across something important, they go silent and treat their discovery as a Big Important Secret which must be preserved at all costs from the many enemies who w

10、ant to steal it. This is garbage! At the same time, it wrecks their discovery by burying it. True, there are often business reasons, but the majority of “weird science” discoveries are not kept secret for this reason. They are kept secret because of shameful human psychology, because of inventors de

11、sire for attention, because of our need to control, and because of our need to be important, to gain fame and accolades, etc. I can say such things because I too have suffered from this kind of “inventors disease”. I solved the problem by posting my inventions on Internet! If a single inventor disco

12、vers something wonderful, but it does no good at all for mankind, and is not really a discovery at all, it is an ego trip. Only if an inventor discovers something wonderful and then STARTS SELLING PRODUCTS, or better yet, TELLS EVERYONE THE SECRET, does it make the world a better place. Rule Three:

13、Figure out what other o/u inventors did, and then do the opposite! Inventors over and over have announced o/u discoveries, yet where are they now? Secrecy is the biggest one. Another one is to assume that everyone wants to steal your valuable discovery. Another one is the attempt to sell the discove

14、ry to governments or giant corporations. Another is the loss of humility and pursuit of fame. Another is the assumption that scientists will automatically hail your discovery, and that businesses will compete for rights to manufacture it. Therefore, in order to succeed, we must do some historical re

15、search, discover the guaranteed routes to failure, and then avoid them.Rule Four: Keep a journal. If you notice something strange, WRITE IT DOWN Human minds are funny about anything which violates our expectations. Our minds want to maintain a coherent world, so we tend to forget things which dont f

16、it. Amateur scientists should never stop fighting against this tendency in themselves. Avoid too much skepticism. Search for “weird” unexpected phenomena. And if ever you see some, write them down! Heres a story about my own encounter with this issue. I was using a VandeGraaff generator to power a “

17、Franklins Wheel” electrostatic (静电的) motor. I was working in a dusty shop, and little hairs would jump onto the brass knobs of the Franklin motor. I wiped them away, but one of the hairs simply would not leave. It was a thin gray hair about 2mm long, and even though I wiped and wiped, the same hair

18、kept jumping back to the knob. But then I looked more closely and realized that something weird was going on. That hair was a ghost.When I viewed it against a white background, it was completely invisible. When I viewed it against a normal complicated background, it looked like a tiny fiber of trans

19、parent glass. “Very weird!” I thought to myself. “I must remember to play with it tomorrow when I have more time.” Ten years later I read an article in ESJ about fiber-like air flows created by the polished knobs of a Wimshurst machine. THAT WAS IT! That “ghost hair” thing! But then I realized that

20、it had not just slipped my mind ten years earlier. Instead my brain had edited it out. I had been trying to fit that “fiber” into my prior experience, and having no luck, it was confusing me. It was an interesting phenomenon, but it was also deeply unsettling. I was going to look at it more closely,

21、 but my subconscious got there first and protected my “reality” by giving me amnesia (失忆症) ! When I read Charles Yosts article about it in ES J, my original memories came back, but I noticed that they had a weird “feel” to them. To me they felt like I was remembering a dream, as if the “ghost hair”

22、event had happened to somebody else. I suspect that my brain had stored the memories in a different way than normal.I had no access to them until something broke through the amnesia, and then the “feel” of the memory was different than the “feel” of a normal conscious recollection which is accessibl

23、e through usual mental association. I suspect that this sort of thing is common in science. Somebody announces a great discovery, and many other people remember seeing clear evidence for the same thing. Is the discoverer a great genius, or was he/she simply the only one with the good sense to write

24、down an observed anomaly, and then to follow it up? 1. Many people take part in non-mainstream science but they follow no rules.2. The writer sums up the four rules based on his own experience.3. An anomaly is a discovery that violates the conventional physics.4. The writer suggests sharing a discov

25、ery with other people to avoid being stolen.5. People keep their discovery secret mainly for commercial purposes according to the writer.6. The writer himself once suffered from the “inventors disease” but later found a way to solve the problem.7. Historical research is essential for making inventio

26、ns.8. The writer suggests scientists keep a journal and write down .9. It was that the writer read an article in ESJ which helped him understand the “ghost hair” thing.10. It is common in science that when someone announces a discovery, many others remember seeing .Part III Listening Comprehension (

27、35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be

28、 a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.l 1. A) He is very hardworking. B) Hell miss the meeting that afternoon. C) Hell have a

29、n appointment with the hostess. D) He wont miss the meeting.12. A) He is in need of qualified staff. B) He is doing quite well with it. C) He has money problem now. D) He can not carry it on any more.13. A) He has a serious disease. B) Hes too poor. C) Hes getting old. D) Hes overworked.14. A) He do

30、esnt think about them. B) He likes them very much. C) He thinks they are not as good as many people expected. D) He doesnt like them.15. A) She wants to spend more time with her family. B) She thinks the pay is too low to support her family. C) She doesnt think she .is capable of doing the job.D) Sh

31、e doesnt enjoy business trios as much as she used to.16. A) The warm weather. B) A bright shirt. C) Things to wear. D) The best material for making clothes.17. A) In about four days. B) About two weeks from now. C) In four weeks. D) She hasnt decided yet.18. A) She doubts he makes much money now. B)

32、 She doesnt know when his classes started. C) Shes surprised he chose that agency. D) She wonders why hes kept his job.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Rock allowed him much freedom. B) Rock didnt treat him as a money machine. C) Rock cooperated with him with great sincerity. D) Rock didnt ask him to do much for promotions.20. A) The Cantonese songs may be artistic. B) The English songs may be commercialized. C) The Mandarin songs may be art