高中英语长难句分析长句分析附语法分析.docx

1、高中英语长难句分析长句分析附语法分析高中英语长难句分析-长句分析（附语法分析）1. Treatments for jellyfish stings and snakebites have also been developed and in the last five years there have been only three deaths from jellyfish stings and about the same number from snakebites. 【句式翻译】治疗水母刺伤和毒蛇咬伤方法也已经研制成功，在过去的五年里只有三人死于水母刺伤，这与被蛇咬伤致死的人数大体相同

2、。【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时的被动语态。【词语点拨】develop v.开发，发展，研制（新产品）Over the last few years tourism here has developed considerably. 在过去几年里，这里的旅游业获得了相当大的发展。The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car. 那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态的结构的叠合，即：has/have been done，表示

3、“过去发生的动作对现在有影响或持续到现在，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如：The office looks nice. It has just been cleaned. 办公室看起来很干净。它刚被打扫过。The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已修了两小时了。2. Adverts are not only made a

4、nd paid for by business, but also by individuals, organizations and associations that wish to inform or educate the public. 广告不仅【句式翻译】广告可由商家付费制作，也可以由想给公众传达某种信息或教育公众的个人、组织或协会来出资制作。【句式分析】本句是由并列连词not onlybut also连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了一般现在时的被动语态。【词语点拨】inform vt.通知，告知；构成短语：inform sb of sth通知某人某事I shall inform y

5、ou soon of the date of my arrival. 我将把我到达的日期通知你。I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you. 我遗憾地告诉你我没法帮助你。【语法点拨】一般现在时的被动语态的构成：is/are done。表示“现在经常性、习惯性的动作，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。A lot of food is wasted every year. 每年浪费掉很多食物。Millions of tons of waste and poisonous gases are sent into the air with

6、the smoke. 数百万吨的废气和毒气随着烟尘散发到空中。3. Margaret, married with two small children, has been working for the last seven years as a night cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building. 【句式翻译】玛格丽特，已婚，带着两个孩子，七年来一直在做清洁工，晚上给一座大楼里的办公室打扫卫生。【句式分析】本句是简单句，运用了现在完成进行时，包含有两个非谓语短语，married with在句中作后置定语，cleaning offices作伴随状

7、语。【词语点拨】marry v. (使)结婚；嫁；娶Because of her beauty, she has managed to marry above her. 由于貌美，她得以嫁给一个地位比她高的人。Im sure Jack was sincere when he said he wanted to marry you. 我相信杰克说想娶你是真心的。They got married to each other against their parents wishes. 他俩的结合违背了各自父母的愿望。【语法点拨】现在完成进行时的构成：has/have been doing。表示“一个

8、动作从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去”。如：You have been sitting in front of that computer too long. 你在电脑前坐的时间太长了。No wonder he is so tired. He has been working all day. 难怪他这么累，他工作一天了。4. Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 990s, genetically modified (GM 转基因) foods have been increasingly de

9、veloped and marketed in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. 【句式翻译】自从二十世纪九十年代早期首次投入市场以来，转基因食物就不断地在很多国家开发和销售，主要是基于想要结束世界粮食危机。【句式分析】本句是一个含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句，have been developed and marketed是现在完成时的被动语态形式。【词语点拨】basis n. 基础；构成短语：on the basis

10、 of 以为基础Dont evaluate a person on the basis of appearance. 不要以相貌取人。Mr. Smith goes to the gym on a regular basis. 史密斯先生定期去健身房。【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态，具体用法参见第句。5. At nine oclock on Saturday morning, Ill be sitting in the front row and listening to the great professor Willard talking about the future of my br

11、ain. 【句式翻译】星期六上午九点钟，我将会坐在前排，聆听伟大的威拉德教授谈论大脑的未来发展。【句式分析】本句是简单句，运用了将来进行时，含有一个复合宾语的结构，talking about在句中作宾补。【词语点拨】listen vi. 听（后面常接介词to）Whatever you said, he simply wouldnt listen. 你怎么说他也不听.Were going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。【语法点拨】将来进行时的构成：will be doing，表示“将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一

12、时间开始，并继续下去的动作”。常用延续性动词,常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。如：The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs. 部长将就国际事务发表演讲。Please dont call me between 8:00 and 0:00 tomorrow. Ill be having my classes then. 明天8点到0点之间请不要给我打电话，我那时正在上课。6. The recent case of an American women, Terri Schiavo, whose husband won a

13、 legal battle to have her taken off life support machines after she spent 5 years in a coma-like state, has exposed the many sensitive legal and medical issues that surround the care of coma patients. 【句式翻译】最近一位美国妇女Terri Schiavo的案例已经暴露出许多关于对昏迷病人的护理的敏感的司法和医学问题，她的丈夫打赢了一场官司，在她在昏迷状态下度过5年之后，把她与她的生命供应机切断了

14、。【句式分析】本句是复合句，主语是The recent case，谓语是has exposed，关系代词whose在句中引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Terri Schiavo；关系代词that在句中引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词issues，taken off在句中作宾补。【词语点拨】) sensitive adj.敏感的；易受影响的A baby is sensitive to the slightest changes in its mothers voice. 婴儿对母亲声音的最细小变化都很敏感。My teeth are really sensitive to hot and

15、cold.我的牙齿对冷热真地很敏感。2) surround vt. 包围；环绕, 围绕You will discover that you are surrounded by happiness. 你会发现，幸福其实就是在你身边。The video images made the visitors feel they were surrounded with wild life. 这些图像给参观者产生身处野生动物之中的感觉。【语法点拨】have sth done有三种含义：)请别人做某事，相当于get sth done 2)遭受一种不幸3)完成某项工作；在这一结构中，done做宾补，和宾语st

16、h之间是被动关系。如：We had the computer repaired immediately. 我们立刻请人把电脑修好了。 I had my watch stolen last night. 昨晚我的手表被偷了。另外，have sb do.让某人去做，have sb doing让一直做；在这两个结构中，do和doing和宾语之间都是主动关系。如：I would have my friend wait for me at the gate of the park. 我要朋友在公园门口等我。The two men had their lights burning all night lo

17、ng. 那两个人让灯通宵亮着。7. The court gave their approval for the life support machines to be turned off and while this ruling left Terris parents feeling numb and others claiming that life is sacred, which no one has the right to end, many would say it was the right thing to do for Terri. 【句式翻译】法院批准把生命供养机关掉，

18、虽然此项裁决使得Terri的父母感到吃惊，而且使其他人声称生命是神圣的，没有人有权力将其终止，但是许多人都会说这对Terri来说是一件正确的事情。【句式分析】本句是复合句,while引导让步状语从句，that引导宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词life，feeling numb和claiming宾补，it在句中代替to do for作形式主语。【词语点拨】)approval n.批准；同意，赞成The plan had the approval of the school authorities. 计划得到学校当局的认可。We expected our plan to me

19、et with approval. 我们希望计划能得到批准。2)approve v.同意，赞成Her father will never approve of her marrying such a lazy fellow. 她父亲永远不会赞成她嫁给这样的懒人。【语法点拨】)leave sb doing 让/使某人做，doing在这个结构中作宾补，和宾语sb是主动关系。如果宾语和宾补是被动关系，用leave done。如：Repeated failure had left them feeling very discouraged.三番五次的失败使他们情绪非常低落。His reply left

20、 us all rather confused. 他的答复我们都搞糊涂了。2）动词不定式或主语从句作主语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。it没有具体意义。如： It is a pity that he should refuse my invitation. 他竟然拒绝了我的邀请，真是遗憾！Is it difficult to understand the English program. 理解这个英语节目难吗？8. Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time spe

21、echwriter for a U.S. president; he is also the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for the White House. 【句式翻译】埃德蒙兹是第一个非洲裔美国人作为全职演讲撰稿人为美国总统工作。他也是第一位非洲裔美国人作为演讲撰稿人总监为白宫工作。【句式分析】本句包含有两个由分号分隔开的分句,不定式短语to work和to serve都作定语，修饰the first African American。【词语点拨】serve v. 服务；用作；端上We fou

22、nd that birch bark could serve as paper. 我们发现桦树皮可以作纸用。Air hostesses all smile when they serve the passengers. 空姐们为乘客服务时总是满脸笑容。Please clear your books away so that I can serve dinner. 请把你的书收拾一下以便我端上饭菜。【语法点拨】动词不定式可以放在表示次序的词the first, the last等后面以及the only, the very, the right等词后面作定语, 且与这些词有逻辑上的主谓关系。结构

23、为：the first/last /only/very/right/best/youngest .+n./pron. + to do sth，表示“第一个/最后一个/唯一的/恰好的/合适的/最好的/最年轻的做某事的人/物”。 如：The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain. 最后一个离开正在下沉的船的那个人是船长。New Zealand was the first nation in modern times to allow women to vote. 新西兰成为现代史上第一个允许妇女有选举权的国家。9. The Olymp

24、ic spirit - the spirit of competition which emphasizes taking part rather than winning - has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. 【句式翻译】奥林匹克精神强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神已经被为成功而不惜一切代价的愿望所亵渎。【句式分析】本句是复合句,which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词spirit，to succeed修饰desire，作定语。【词语点拨】rather than 与其；不愿；而不是。用于连接两个并列成分，连接两个名词

25、或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致Tom rather than his friends has been chosen. 是汤姆而不是他的朋友们被选中。The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。I decided to send an e-mail rather than telephone. 我决定发邮件而不是打电话。【语法点拨】有些名词后常跟不定式作定语，如：time, way, right, reason, effort,

26、chance, movement, ability, desire, tendency等。如：Thank you for giving me a chance to make a speech. 谢谢你给我发言的机会。Mr. Green has the ability to bring out the best in others. 格林先生能做到扬人之长。20. When you set out to do something different, theres no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have

27、 my own name on a contract of the publisher - to be a published writer - is unbelievably rewarding. 【句式翻译】当着手去做不同的事情，看不到结果，所以，发现自己的名字写在出版商的合同上要成为一个出版作家是令人难以置信的回报。【句式分析】本句是复合句，包含有三个从句，when引导时间状语从句，so引导结果状语从句，where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词position，to find 在句中作主语。【词语点拨】rewarding adj. 值得的；有报酬的So far my time with

28、these children has been very rewarding. 到目前为止,我和这些孩子们度过的时光非常有价值。Government service can be a rewarding and secure career. 政府部门的工作可以很有回报，很有保障。【语法点拨】动词不定式可以作主语，位于句首。如果动词不定式短语过长，为了避免句子头重脚轻，可用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语动词不定式短语后置，具体用法参见第7句。如：To obey the law is the duty of everybody. 遵守法律人人有责。To love and to be loved

29、 is the greatest happiness in the world.爱人和被人爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。11. To really develop empathy, youd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a“sharing circle”with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter. 【句式翻译】要真正开发

30、同理心，你最好在养老院或医院做志愿者，加入一个有多样化的会员的俱乐部或团队，与你的家人有一个“共享圈”，或者在动物收容所照顾宠物。【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a club or a team，volunteer, join, have和spend是并列的谓语动词，To really develop在句中作目的状语。【词语点拨】volunteer v. 志愿 n. 志愿者Some graduates volunteer to work in the countryside. 一些大学生自愿到农村去。She now helps in a local sch

31、ool as a volunteer three days a week. 目前她在当地的一家学校做志愿工作，一周去3天。【语法点拨】不定式to do可以作目的状语（其否定形式：not to do），相当于in order to do和so as to do (so as to do只能放在句中，不能位于句首)。如：One should get enough exercise to keep healthy. 为了维持身体健康，一个人要有足够的锻炼。To find a better job, a lot of people choose to go to the big cities. 为了找

32、份更好的工作，很多人愿意到大城市去。12. Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. 【句式翻译】自豪地阅读我写的内容时，我环顾整个房间，却发现我的同学笑得眼泪都要流出来了。【句式分析】本句是简单句，包含有三个非谓语短语，reading my words 和only to find分别作时间状语和结果状语，bearing作宾补。【词语点拨】glance vi瞥；浏览；后面常跟at, through