中考语法名词.docx

1、中考语法名词名词一. 名词的分类 个体名词 集体名词:是一些人或物的总称，作主语时可用复形谓语动词 普通名词 物质名词: 是无法分为个体的实物名词 抽象名词:是动作、状态、品质等抽象概念的名称。 专有名词:是个别人、地以及专门机构或团体的名称。: 可数名词名词 不可数名词名词检测1：写出下列词的复数house_ brush_ city_ match_Englishman _ box_ baby_ actory_woman_ roof_ German_ man doctor_glass_ Swiss_ hero_ Japanese _belief_ family_ deer_ tomato_pi

2、ano _ apple tree _ child_ Frenchman_sheep_ tooth_ book shop _ mouse_bus_ wife_ proof_ potato_The singer and writer _ (come) from China.【可数名词复数的变化规则】A、一般情况下，在单数名词的后面加-s。 如：game-games，boy-boys.B、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的单数名词变复数，在词尾加-es。 如：box-boxes，bus-buses，peach-peaches，dish-dishes。 C、以o结尾，表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-es；

3、表示没有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-s。 如：potato-potatoes，tomato-tomatoes，photo-photos，piano-pianos等。 可以巧记为： Negroes and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes. 黑人和英雄喜欢吃马铃薯和西红柿。D、以辅音字母加y结尾的单数名词变复数，将y改成i后再加-es。 如：factory-factories，story-stories，family-families。 E、 以“一f或-fe”结尾的名词变为复数时，变“一f或一fe”为V，再加-es的，初中英语中主要有下列单词：

4、leaf树叶，half -半，self自己，wife妻子，knife刀子，shelf架子，wolf狼，thief小偷，life生命。可以巧记为： 树叶半数自己黄，妻子操刀去割粮； 架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。 以“_f或-fe”结尾的名词变为复数时，只加一s的，初中英语中主要有如下单词：gulf海湾，roof屋顶，chief首领，serf奴仆，belief信仰，proof证据。可以巧记为： 海湾边、屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据又是谁人详。【不规则变化】1.manmen woman-women Policeman-policemen fireman-firemen Space

5、man-spacemen Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen2. .Foot-feet Tooth-teeth Goose-geese Child-children mouse- mice 3.国籍 Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Swiss-Swiss Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen German-Germans Russian-Russians American-Americans Australian-Australians Indian-Indians

6、 Canadian-Canadians 巧记口诀：中日（加瑞士）不变，英法变，其余s加后面4.单复数同形： sheep-sheep deer-deer people-people Fish (三种情况）5.除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 6. 有些名词虽以-s 结尾，但表达的是单数意义。如: news, maths, politics, physics, the United States 等.（1）maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。（2

7、）news 是不可数名词。 （3）the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。7. 单复数意思变化的 Work_ works_Water_waters_time_times_good_goods_glass_glasses_sand_sands_wood_woods_8. 做可数与不可数时，意义不同的词有： room 可数：房间 不可数： 空间 orange 可数：橘子 不可数： 橙汁 9. 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes , shoes, scissors 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pai

8、r(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 10. 名词+名词构成的复合名词的复数 由“名词+名词”构成的复合名词，把复数词尾放在一个名词上 an apple tree-apple trees a match box-match boxes man 和woman构成的复合名词变复数时，两个名词都要变 a man doctor-men doctors a woman drive-women drivers11. 复合名词的复数形式：1. 一般将主体名词变为复数 Mother- in- law- mothers- in- la

9、w 岳母 passer- by- passers- by 过路人 Editor- in- chief- editors- in- chief 主编2. 无主体名词构成的复合词, 在词尾加-s Go- between- go- betweens 中间人, 媒人 grown- up- grown- ups 成年人3. 将两个组成部分皆变为复数，这种复合名词第一个名词必须是man或woman, 如： man doctor men doctors男医生 woman teacher women teachers4. 名词做定语以单数形式存在（man, woman例外） 如：a stone bridge,

10、 a meeting room. 但是：a man doctor, two men doctors【不可数名词】1、可数名词才有单数与复数的区别；不可数名词没有复数形式；2、不可数名词的谓语动词只能用单数形式；3、有些名词即可做可数名词，也可做不可数名词；但是意思不同： room 可数：房间 不可数： 空间 orange 可数：橘子 不可数： 橙汁4、不可数名词的修饰词：可以修饰不可数名词的词或短语: a lot of，lots of, some, a little, little, much翻译：一张报纸_ 两条新闻_三碗饭_ 四瓶水_五杯橘子汁_ 六片面包_注意事项：people作“人们”

11、讲时，看作复数，不能在其后加“-s”，谓语动词用复数形式；family，class是集体名词，既指单数，又指复数，谓语动词可用单数亦可用复数，具体根据语境而定。 常见的集体名词：people, police, cattle, youth, public, staff, crew, crowd,f, team, class, group, couple, army 有些名词以-s结尾，但表达的是单数意义， 例如：news；maths, politics, physics（学科名词）, the United States等。表示由两部分构成(成双成对形式出现的名词)的东西， 如：glasses (

12、眼镜) trousers, clothes，谓语用复数，但是若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers这时要根据量词来判断“the+姓氏复数”表示“一家人或夫妇二人”， 例如：the Greens格林一家格林夫妇，the Blacks布莱克一家布莱克夫妇，the Smiths史密斯一家史密斯夫妇。年份前面加the，后面加一s，表示年代 例如：the 1980s 20世纪80年代。名词检测2汤姆的车_ 丽丽和露西各自的书包_丽丽和露西的爸爸_ 父亲节_儿童节_ 教师节_妇女节_ 中国地图_

13、门的钥匙_ 两分钟的路程_我爸爸的一个朋友_【名词所有格 】1.表示人或物所属关系时,我们就需要使用名词所有格。 如：“奶奶的房子”表示为“grandmas house”。2.名词所有格的构成有以下规则： A、一般情况下，在名词的末尾加“s”构成。 如：Mikes bike迈克的自行车,Toms books汤姆的书.B、以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在其末尾加“ ” 如：my parents car我父母的车,our teachers books我们老师的书。C、表示几个人共同拥有的东西时，只在最后一个名字上加所有格。 如：Jenny and Joans bedroom 詹妮和琼共同拥有的卧室

14、; 但如果是分别拥有的东西就要在每个名字上加所有格. 如: Tims and Jacks toy cars提姆和杰的玩具车。 D、没有生命的东西的所有格，我们通常用“of+名词”的方式来表示。 如：The window of the classroom 教室的窗户; the capital of China中国的首都; The weather of ShangHai上海的天气. 注意： 门的钥匙 the key to the door; 问题的答案 the answer to the questionE . 表示时间、距离、国家、城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加“s”或“ ”表示所有格 如：to

15、days papers 今天的报纸, ten minutes walk 十分钟的路程 注意：数词+分号+可数名词单数也可以做前置定语 十分钟的路程 a ten- minute walk 三条腿的桌子 a three- leg table 十岁的男孩 a ten- year- old boy 100米赛跑 a 100-meter race F. 表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去shop, house, home。 At the tailors 在裁缝店 at a chemists 在药店G. 被修饰名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时，一般只能用双重所有格。

16、双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的部分或一个，双重所有格只能用于有生命的名词，这个名词是确定的。 如：an old friend of my uncles 我叔叔的一个老朋友 a daughter of Mrs Greens 格林先生的一个女儿 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友练习巩固1. A new study proves a _ walk every day is enough to keep away from becoming fat A. 30- minute B. 30 minutes C. 30- minutes2. Is there any _ on t

17、he table? A. noodles B. sugar C. dumplings D. Oranges3. You are not a rich man or a famous person. But in my heart, you are one of the greatest _ in the world A. businessmen B. man C. men D. person4. Canadians speak _ and _ A. Italian, Japanese B. English, Chinese C. German, Russian D. French, Engli

18、sh5. Where do you come from? I come from _. I am an _ A. Japan, Japanese B. America, American C. England, English D. Australian, Australian6. How many _ are there in your factory? A. German B. Japanese C. Australian D. Englishmans7. There are three _ in my family A. people B. person C. peoples D. ch

19、ild8. Whats in the _? There are some _ and _ in them A. photos, potatos, radios B. photos, potatoes, radios C. photoes, potatos, radios D. Photos, potatoes, radioes9. Three _ and two _ are going to visit our school next Monday. A. Japanese, American B. Japaneses, American C. Japaneses, Americans D.

20、Japaneses, Americans10. Good news! We will have a _ holiday. I ve heard of it. But its coming in _ A. three days; three days time B. three days; three days C. three- day; three days D. three days; three- day time11. Please keep quiet! If you make a lot of _, the others cant hear me clearly. A. music

21、 B. voice C. sound D. noise12. How far is your cousin s home from here? Its about two _ drive A. hours B. hours C. hours D. hour13. We dont have enough nurses to look after the patients. At least _ are needed A. ten another nurses B. more ten nurses C. other ten nurses D. another ten nurses14. Whats

22、 in the cupboard? A few _, but little _ A. apples; coffee B. coffee; apples C. apple; coffees D. coffees; apple 15. It is five years since we began to enjoy a _ spring holiday each year. A. ten- day B. ten day C. ten days D. ten-days16. Last Saturday, I met _ in the supermarket. A. a friend of my B.

23、 a friend of mine C. one of my friend D. one friend of me17. William could not offer MP4 because he had _ money with him. A. a few B. much C. little D. few18. Good morning, madam. Can I help you? Sure, Id like _ for cooking vegetables. A. two cups of coffee B. three pieces of bread C. one bowl of du

24、mplings D. five kilos of oil19. After ten years, all these kids became _ A. growns- ups B. grows- up C. grown- up D. grown- ups20. Five kilometers _ a long way for the children A. is B. are C. have D. has21. My mother with my two brothers _ gone to Beijing. They will be back next week A. is B. are C

25、. has D. have22. _ mothers could not go to the meeting, because they have gone to Chengdu. A. Li Lei and Lucys B. Li leis and Lucys C. Li Lei and Lucy D. Li Leis and Lucy23. Where are the _ bags? A. childrens B. childrens C. children of D. of children24. I want to find a shop which sells _only A. me

26、ns shoes B. men shoes C. mans shoes D. the shoes of men25. I love the two _ behind our house. A. apple tree B. apple trees C. apples trees D. apples tree26. There are two _ in the city. A. cars factory B. cars factories C. factories of cars D. car factories27. I have two _ in my pencil- box A. knife

27、 B. knifes C. knives D. a knife28. How many _ are there in your factory? A. German B. Japanese C. Australian D. Englishmans29. Whats in the _? There are some _ and _ in them A. photos, potatos, radios B. photos, potatoes, radios C. photoes, potatos, radios D. Photos, potatoes, radioes30. A large number of _ cut down A. trees; is B. wood; is C. wood; are D. trees; areReading comprehension AMr. King worked in a factory. He liked playing soccer and spent much time on it, so he was sometimes late for work. H