英语专业四级语法汇总.docx

1、英语专业四级语法汇总 专四语法考点串讲语法回顾篇：专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法（省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致，冠词，形容词及副词）、as的特殊用法。 专四英语语法考点串讲之一 虚拟语气一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点）考点1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用were)，主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do；考点2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词用 would(should,could,might)+ have done；例如：43.I _the

2、party much more if there hadnt been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.A. werent B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldnt考点3.与将来

3、事实相反，从句谓语动词用：did(should+do或were + to do)，主句谓语动词用：would(should,could,might)+do。例如： 43. If your car _ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年） A. shall need C. would need B. should need D. will need考点4. 时态的交叉现象，也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如：If you had gone to see the do

4、ctor，you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。考点5.虚拟条件句if可以省略，但从句的语序要用到装，即将were,had或 should移至主语的前面形成倒装，但否定词not不前移。 例如：65._, he would not have recovered so quickly.（05年） A.Hadnt he been taken good care of B.Had he not been taken good care of C.Had not he been taken good care of D.Had he been not ta

5、ken good care of考点6. insist(一个坚持）；order command(两道命令）；suggest， advise, propose（三条建议）；ask, require, request, demand(四点要求） 及相应的名词的从句，谓语要使用：should+动词原形或动词原形例如：58. It was recommended that passengers _ smoke during the flight.(04年) A. not B. need not C. could not D. would not 考点7.It is +advisable, essent

6、ial important, imperative, incredible,等等相关的从句，谓语要使用：should+动词原形或动词原形例如：46.It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time.（04年） A. hand in B. would hand in C. have to hand in D. handed in 考点8.it is high(about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式例如:54 Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.（0

7、6年）A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop 考点9.much as尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设，可以是说话人的语气变得十分委婉，真诚。例如：52. Much as _, I couldnt lend him the money because I simply didnt have that much spare cash.（99年）A.I would have liked to B.I would like to have C.I should have to like D.I should h

8、ave liked to考点10. if only表示要是就好了相当 与wish, as if/as though 的用法。与现在事实相反：动词过去式与过去事实相反: had + done与将来事实相反： could/would + do 例如：52. If only I _play the guitar as well as you! （06 年）A would B could C should D might备考1. would rather或would sooner后跟宾语从句，从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟，表示“宁愿某人作某事”例如：The manager

9、 would rather his daughter _ in the same office now. A.had not worked B.not to work C.does not work D.did not work 备考2.用于lest,for fear that引导的状语从句。在lest, for fear that等引导的状语从句中，通常用(should +)原形动词这一虚拟语气形式 例如：The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself. A.injure B.had injured C.injure

10、d D.would injure 专四语法考点串讲之二 情态动词考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：（1）情态动词+行为动词完成式 （2）某些情态动词的特殊用法1. must have v-edmust have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。其否定形式为：cant / couldnt have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。例如： Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.2. could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了3. may / might have v

11、-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。 4.ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldnt have v-ed 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该”和“本不应该”表示应完成而未完成的动作用于完成时中的否定句，表示不应完成但已做的动作5.neednt have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要”。例如：You neednt have waken me up; I dont have to go to work today.注意：

12、did not need to do 动作并没发生 例：I didnt need to get up early,so I got up until 9 a.m.*特殊用法(1) cant表示“不可能”， may not 表示“不可以”， mustnt(must not) 表示“不许可 禁止”，neednt (need not) 表示“不必”，dare not 动词原形 表示“不敢” (2) must表推测 的否定现在式用cant ,过去式用couldnt(3)May I / we ？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly；否定回答为Please dont.或No

13、, you mustnt. 例如： “May we leave now?” “No, you mustnt. You havent finished your home work yet.” (4) need I / we ？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, we must; 否定回答为neednt (5)在回答must引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont have to(6)May/might as well maybut.(表转折)(7) I wish to go home with you, may I?(8) Do help yourself

14、 to have fruit, wont you/ will you? （表示一种委婉的请求）*情态动词短语的使用would like to dowould rather dowould rather + 从句would prefer to do.had better do.*情态动词: will（愿意）, shall（将）, must（必须）, can, may, would, should(应该), might, could, ought to, used to（过去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不）*dare, need 也可作一般（行为）动词*情态

15、动词一般用法的否定：mustnt 不准, 禁止，不要 cant(couldnt) 不会；不能；may (might) not 不可以; neednt 没必要 ( = dont have to )used notusednt to或didnt use to 过去不dare not 不敢*情态动词推测用法Must 一定，肯定 cant (couldnt) 不可能Can/ could 可能 Cant (couldnt) 不可能may/ might “可能，也许” May (might) not 也许不，可能不*推断用法shouldought to“按理应当，应该是； shouldnt 不应该 ( =

16、 ought not to ) *情态动词have done结构表示对过去动作的推测1. must have done：对过去的肯定推测，译作“一定做了”，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为cantcouldnt have done It must have rained last night, for the road was quite muddy2. can/ could have done：对过去的可能性推测，译作“可能做了”。只能用疑问句中CanCould he have said it? 他可能说过那种话吗？ 3. may / might have v-ed：对过去的可能性推测，译作“

17、也许能，有可能。 Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed.*情态动词have过去分词结构表示轻微的责备和后悔肯定：过去应该做而没有做；否定：过去不该（不必）做而做了。 mightcouldhave过去分词：“本来可以，早就应该”（只用于肯定句，且不能用may, can） You could have told me you were going to be late!.你应当早告诉我你会晚到的！ should（ought to）have过去分词：“本应”（没做）should not（ought not to）have过去分词：“本不该”（做了

18、）You should not have handed in your composition yesterday morning.你本不应把作文交了。You should have been here earlier.你应该早点来才对。3. neednthave过去分词：“本不必，本不须”（need只用于否定句）（做了） You neednt have woken her up. Its only six你其实不必叫醒她。现在才六点。注意：did not need to do 动作并没发生（没做） 例：I didnt need to get up early, so I got up unt

19、il 9 a.m.*八大注意点1.在以could, might 表示征询对方意见或表示请求时，回答应相应使用can, may Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. can2. May I / we ？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly；否定回答为Please dont.或No, you mustnt. 例如： “May we leave now?” “No, you mustnt. You havent finished your home work yet.

20、” 3. need I / we ？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, we must; 否定回答为neednt 4. 在回答must引起的问题时，肯定must; 如果是否定的答复，不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont have to5. I wish to go home with you, may I?6. Do help yourself to have fruit, wont you/ will you? （表示一种委婉的请求）7.Shall 用于第三人称，表示许可，允许8. lets do this job, shall we? Let us do this job, wi

21、ll you?9. should 也表示惊讶的语气，例如：I was shocked that she should have said such a thing to you.(她竟然对你说那样的话,) *四大特殊结构1.may/ might as well + 动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于had betterYou may as well do it at once. 2.may well + 动词原形”是一种常见的结构，意为“（完全）能，很可能” He may well be proud of his son. 他大可为儿子高兴。 3. cannot too / eno

22、ugh 表示 “无论怎么也不算过分”、“越越好”You cannot be too careful.4. had better 最好You had better not wake me up when you come in.*两大类区别：一、表示能力: can, be able to be able to 能用于各种时态。 can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力*was / were able to : “设法做成某事” 相当于 managed to do sth succeeded in doing sth.二、used to 和would 的区别used to过去常常（但现在已

23、无此习惯，would无此含义） He used to drink beer, now he drinks wine.他过去喝啤酒，现在喝白酒。would只能用来谈动作；used to用来谈动作或状态（可与be, live, like, stay等状态动词连用）：He would get up early when he lived in the country.他住在乡下时总是早起。We used to live in a small town.（不能用would）Be used to doing sth: 习惯于做某事should的用法 1. (shall的过去式,表示过去将来)将We ho

24、ped that we should be able to do that. 我们希望我们能这样做。 *2. (表示语气较强的假设)万一,竟然If the car should break down on the way, you would have to walk back. 万一汽车中途抛锚,你就得走回来。 *3. (表示可能性、推测、推论或期待)可能,该She should be here any minute. 她该马上就到。 Dinner should be ready by now. 此刻晚饭应该做好了。 4. (表示义务、责任)应该,应当You should do as she says. 你应当照她说的去做。 He should work harder. 他应该更加努力。 You should help your mother with the housework. 你应该帮你母亲做家务。 5