人教版下册初一英语语法.docx

1、人教版下册初一英语语法初一下册英语语法一.要点分析1. be from的用法。 be fromcome from “来自”，“从来”，表示某人来自某一个地方。但be是系动词，come是实意动词，两个短语的否定和疑问形式不同。介词from后接地点。 应用：a. - Wheres your pen pal from ? 你的笔友来自哪里？- Hes from Australia. 他来自澳大利亚。 b. He is from China.He isnt from China. Is he from China?c. He comes from China.He doesnt come from C

2、hina.Does he come from China?2. live vi. “居住”，“生活” live in+地点名词，意为“住在地方” live +地点副词(here,there,near here等) ，意为“住在地方” 当其做vt.用时，意为“过样的生活” 与stay的区别：stay表示在旅馆或朋友家暂住几天。 应用：a. He lives in Beijing. 他住在北京。b. I have lived here for ten years. 我在这儿住十年了。c. We live a happy life. 我们过着幸福的生活。d. They stay at a hotel

3、. 他们住在旅馆。e. Live on 以为生，靠生活 问居住地： - Where does she live? - She lives in Hangzhou.3. speak vt.&vi. “讲话”，“说话”，“发言”等。 speak +语言 做及物动词(vi.)时只能接语言做宾语。 speak to sb. “与某人谈话” say:说/讲着重说的内容,它的宾语只能是 “话” 不是人. tell:告诉某人某事. a. tell sb sth. b. tell sb. about sb. /sth. c. tell sb to do sth. talk: 交谈、聊天 (不及物动词：后面不能

4、直接跟宾语)a. talk to sb. b. talk with sb. c. talk about sth. 谈论 应用：a. Can I say Hi to Jeff, too?b. I have something important to tell you . c. She can speak three languages now . d. He is talking with his pen pal now . e. I want to talk to her. 我想和她说话。 f. I can say it in English. g. Tell him to give me

5、some chalk.h. Dont speak in class. 问会什么语言？- What language does she speak ? 她讲什么语言？- She speaks English. 她讲英语。 about的用法：=what about how about“你认为.怎样”，表示建议等，后接动词ing、名词或代词。但多使用How about doing sth. ?。 向对方提出询问时。Id like a cup of tea. How about you? 向对方提出建议或请求，语气很委婉。 How about going out for a walk? 出去散散步好吗

6、？ 寒暄时用作承接上下文的转折语。Im a teacher. How about you?二.词组 be from = come from 来自 pen pal=pen friend 笔友 live in 在居住 in school在学校speak English 讲英语 play sports 做体育运动 a little French 一些法语 go to the movies 去看电影 an action movie 一部动作片 on weekends 在周末 Excuse me 对不起，打扰 write to sb. 给写信My favorite subject 我喜欢的科目三.句型

7、1. Where +be+主语from? (问出生地)回答：主语befrom地点. - Where is your pen pal from?- Hes from China.2. Where do/does+主语live? (问居住地)回答：主语live/lives in - Where does she live?- She lives in Tokyo3. What language do/does +主语+speak? (问会什么语言)回答：主语speak/speaks - Does she speak English? (一般疑问句)- Yes, she does/No, she d

8、oesnt.- What language does she speak?(特殊疑问句)- She speaks English.- What language does she speak，English or Chinese?(选择疑问句)- She speaks Chinese.注意：三种句型的回答方式。4. 主语like/likesdoing I like going to the movies with my friends.一.要点分析1. hopeh?p v. 希望；盼望；期待 近义词: hope, wish与want，这三个词都表示“希望”,都可以用作动词和名词。a. hope

9、 既有主观愿望，又相信这愿望是能实现的。b. wish 只表示主观愿望，不考虑这种愿望是否能实现。c. want 是一个常用词，尤其在口语中非常活跃。want 后接不定式，表示“想要做什么”，比hope to do 和wish to do的口气更随便，所表达的主观愿望并不十分强烈。want之后可接名词或代词，表示“想要得到某物”，而wish和hope后面不可接名词，需加介词for再接名词。I want a pair of glasses. 我想要一副眼镜。We are hoping for fine weather for your trip. 我们希望此次旅行能有个好天气。He wished

10、 to see his daughter again before he died. 他希望在死之前能够再见一次女儿。 常用词组hope for 希望；期待2. arrive?raIv v. 到达；抵达 arrive 作“到达”解时，只表示一时的动作。a. arrive 表示到达某地，后面要接介词，到达的地方范围大时用in，地方小时多用at。若地点为地点副词或后面没有地点时,则省掉介词。 They will arrive in Florida at midnight. 他们将在午夜到达佛罗里达(美国的一个城市)。They arrived at the station in the aftern

11、oon. 他们下午到达车站。She has arrived for a month. (不能用一段时间)She arrived a month ago. 她一个月前到了。b. arrive home 作“到家”解，但“到某人家”必须与at连用。I guess he will arrive home in the evening. 我猜他将在晚上到家。I guess he will arrive at his parents home in the evening. 我猜他将在晚上到他父母家。 近义词: get to与reacha. get to也表示“到达”之意，可与任何地点连用。b. rea

12、chri:t? 是及物动词(后面可以直接跟名词)，意为“到达”，其后直接接到达的地点，而不用任何介词。My father arrived in Shanghai. 我爸爸到达上海了。He arrived at the station . 他已到达火车站。He got to the hospital this morning. 他上午到了医院。Li Ming reached Beijing the day before yesterday. 李明前天到达北京。 反义词 leaveli:v v. 离开 常用词组arrive home 到家 arrive here 到达这里arrive there

13、到达那里?kr?s prep. 横过，在对面。There is a theater across the street. 街对面有一家戏院。 用法提示a. 表示“从(某物)的一边到另一边”。She swam across the river. 她从河的这边游到那边。b. 表示“横过；在对面”，后面可接from。Their school is across the street. 他们的学校在街道的对面。Susan lives across the road. 苏珊住在路的对面。Across from the park is an old hotel. 公园的对面是一个老饭店。c. 表示“与交叉

14、”。At one point the railway line goes across the road. 在一个地方铁路与公路交叉。 近义词：througha. through意为“通过,从穿过”,表示从某物中间穿过。We walked through the market to the track park. 我们穿过市场到了卡车停车场。A river flows through the city. 一条河流流经这个城市。b. across意为“横过,穿过”,表示从一边横穿到另一边。A boy ran across the street. 一个男孩跑过了街道。4. 方位介词的用法。 acr

15、oss from 在的对面。 next to 靠近，在的旁边 near 在的附近 betweenand 在之间 in front of 在前面：表示“在某一空间外的前面” in the front of 在前面：表示“在某一空间里的前面” behind 在后面 应用：a. The pay phone is across from the library. b. The supermarket is next to the library. c. There is a post office near here.d. The library is between the post office

16、and the super market. e. He stands in front of the building.他站在大楼前面。(屋外)f. He sat in the front of the classroom.他坐在教室前面。(屋里)g. The hotel is behind the library【提醒】介词后的人称代词需用宾格形式，5. A with B 结构的用法。 with为介词，在句中常做后置定语，对被修饰语的特征进行描述。意思接近于have和wear，但have和wear在句中常充当谓语。 试对比：()The girl with long hair is my si

17、ster. (做girl的后置定语)()The girl has long hair is my sister. (句子结构错误)()Im tall and I wear glasses. (wear在句中做谓语)()Im tall with glasses. (with在句中对I进行解释说明)()Im tall and I with glasses. (with不能做谓语，故该句子错误) 二.短语 post office 邮局 pay phone 投币式公用电话 next to 在隔壁、紧挨着 across from 在对面 in front of 在前面(外) betweenand 在和之

18、间on a street 在街上 in the neighborhood 在附近 take a walk 散步 have fun 玩得开心 the way to 去的路 take a taxi 打的/乘出租车 go straight 一直向前走 arrive in/at 到达go down(along) 沿着走 go through 穿过 turn right/left 向右/左转 have a good trip 旅途愉快 at the end of 在结束时 at the beginning of 在初期from the beginning 从一开始 from beginning to e

19、nd 从头到尾in the beginning 开始时，起初 beginning of 在开始时on ones right/left 在某人右/左边 on the right/left 在右/左边 in the neighborhood 在附近 =near here =around herecome over to从一个地方来到另一个地方，过来四.句型 1. Is there a .? (问是否有、是否存在；have表示“拥有”) -Excuse me. Is there a hotel in the neighborhood. -Yes, there is. /No. there isnt

20、2. Where is .? (问地点)-Where is the park, please? -Its behind the bank.(肯定回答) -Im sorry, I dont know. (否定回答) 3. Which is the way to +地点? (问路)How can I get to +地点?Can you tell me the way to +地点？例如：Which is the way to the library. How can I get to the restaurant? Can you tell me the way to the post offi

21、ce? 4. enjoy 后接名词或动词-ing 形式.Do you enjoy(=like) your work? Do you enjoy(=like) living in the city? 五.日常交际用语 1. Bridge Street is a good place to have fun. 2. I hope you have a good trip. 3. If you are hungry, you can buy food in the restaurant. 4. Take a walk though the park. 5. Let me tell you the w

22、ay to my house. 6. Just go straight and turn left.7. Across from the park is an old hotel. (倒装句: an old hotel是主语)Next to the hotel is a small house with an interesting garden. 8. This is beginning of the garden tour.二.要点分析1. like的用法 作及物动词，后接名词或代词，表示对事物的兴趣或爱好。 与would, should连用，表示“想要、愿意、希望”，语气委婉。 like

23、 to do sth. 表示偶尔喜欢做某事、或者突然喜欢干某事。 like doing sth. 强调喜欢和爱好的是一般性的行为或事实。5 How do you like? 用来询问对方，意为“你觉得怎么样?”6 What do you like? 询问对方的爱好，意为“你喜欢什么? like作介词，意为“像”、“和一样”。 应用：a. I like fish and vegetables very much.b. Would you like something to drink? 你想要喝点什么吗?c. Do you like to play basketball?d. The girl

24、doesnt like doing housework.e. How do you like the city?你觉得这座城市怎么样?f. What do you like? I like swimming.g. She looks like her mother. The boy jumps like a monkey. We dont need a man like him 2. smart，clever和cute：都是形容词。cute意思是聪明的，伶俐的，惹人喜爱的，常用于口语当中，同义词是clever，在口语中有时也可以通用。但cute多用来指动物的聪明、漂亮及惹人喜爱。clever主

25、要用来形容人或动物的脑子灵活，理解事物快。smart意思也是聪明的，既可以修饰人也可以修饰物，与clever是同义词。3. 使役动词let的用法：lets = let us。lets 后面用动词原形，意为“让我们做吧”，表示一种建议。 let sb. do sth. 表示“让某人做某事” 应用a. Let me help you. 让我来帮你吧。b. Let him have a try. 让他试一试。c. Lets see the pandas first. 咱们先看熊猫吧。 使役动词还有：make和have make sb. do sth. 表示“叫某人做某事” = have sb. do

26、 sth.4. kind of 与 a kind of 的区别 kind of 是口语化的表达方式，意思是“有点儿，稍微”，用来修饰形容词。 a kind of 是指“一种”，用来修饰名词。 应用：a. She is kind of shy. 她有点害羞。b. Tiger is a kind of animals. 老虎是一种动物。 5. 否定疑问句： 常用来表示反问，意思是“难道”，其结构是：“否定词+主语+谓语或表语”回答时常用Yes/No, 但这时的Yes意思是“不”，No意为“是的”。 应用：a. - Doesnt he have a brother? 难道他没有个兄弟吗？- Yes,

27、 he does. 不，他有。- No, he doesnt. 是的，他没有。b. - Isnt he cute? 难道他不可爱吗？- Yes, she is. 不，她是。- No, she isnt. 是的，她不是。三.短语 want to do sth .想要做某事 want sb. to do sth.想要某做某事 want sth. 想要某物 want to be 想成为Let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 get up 起床kind of 有几分种类 a kind of 一种.years old .年龄 be quiet 安静like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 lik

28、e doing sth. 喜欢做某事play with . 与.一起玩 have a look at 看during the day 在白天 at night 在夜间 四.句型/日常交际用语1. -Why dose he like koalas? (问原因)-Because they are kind of interesting. 2. -What animals do you like? (what color、what size等)-I like elephants. 3. -Lets see the lions. 二.要点分析1. workw:k 工作 n.工作，与job意识相近。两者

29、均可表示“工作”，但 job 主要指雇佣有的工作，是可数名词；而 work 指“工作”、“劳动”，是一个含义极广的常用词，它的基本意思指需要付出努力的，是不可数名词。He has a good job in the bank. 他在银行有份不错的工作。we have a job for you as a waiter.It took a lot of work to build a house. 造一座房子花很多劳动。 v.工作a. work hard努力工作Do you like to work hard? 你愿意努力工作吗？b. work for 为做事，为尽力 DO you want to work for a magazine. 你想为杂志社工作吗？c. work as 作.的工作Come and work for us as a reporter.来为我们工作，做一名记者。d. work with 和一起工作Do you like to work with other young people? 你喜欢和其他年轻人一起工作吗？2. meetmi:t 相遇、遇见、经历 meet可以表示有目的的去见；meet with往往表示偶遇You meet so many interesting people.Nice to meet you meet with遇到，碰到。强调