新概念英语语法精粹节目内容.docx

1、新概念英语语法精粹 节目内容新概念英语语法 发表日期:2011-11-24 9:28:17 点击数:793 来源：英语语法的掌握是英语能力的基本功。要想用英语准确表达自己意思，离不开正确的语法知识和准确地使用语法结构。新概念英语语法体系比较完整、知识介绍比较全面，新概念英语第一册到新概念英语第四册基本涵盖了英语学习者必备的所有语法知识点，保证每篇课文都有一个自己的核心语法内容，课后的习题练习和同步测试可以巩固英语学习内容，检验学习效果。如何攻破新概念英语语法呢？只是单独学习英语语法知识是一种学习误区，这样会造成缺乏对于语言规律的实质性、全局性和整体性的把握和理解，从而无法在实际交际中进行理解和

2、应用。小编总结了新概念英语语法的学习方法，希望对英语学习者有所帮助。一、突破新概念英语语法重点与难点。1、首先要以句法为主。这就要求我们掌握好英语的基本句型。尽管英语句子的数量是无限的，变化无穷无尽，形式繁简各异，但万变不离其宗，这个“宗”就是英语的7种基本句型。各种各样的英语句子经过分析解剖之后，都可归到这几个基本句型中。我们还要掌握基本句型的转换形式，如陈述句转换为疑问句、肯定句转换为否定句、主动句转换为被动句。我们还要熟悉基本句型的扩展手段，如添加定语或状语等修饰语；将句子成分由单词或短语扩展为从句，从而出现了名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等。如果我们掌握了英语的基本句型及其转换、扩展形

3、式，我们也就掌握了英语语法的概貌。2、总结新概念英语语法中的特殊语法结构。如倒装、分隔、省略、前移、后移、外置等，却使英语句子复杂起来，需要同学们多下些工夫。3、重点学习新概念英语中“动词”的用法。在词法部分中，动词是关键，因为英语句子是以动词为聚焦点或中心的，且时态、语态、语气等都是在动词上体现出来的。二、阅读材料以切合自己能力或程度为佳。新概念一共四册，每一册具有跳跃性，知识性，逐渐加大难度。阅读时要切实朗读，不可有eye-reading。在阅读中并注意引证自己已学习过的语法规则，或利用自己所学过的语法规则来了解文意，体会文体，模仿英语的表达句式或习惯。三、勤做练习，不要怕犯语法上的错误。

4、新概念每篇课后都有相应习题，用于检验学员学习效果，查漏补缺。平常练习可以以句为单位，口头练习与书写练习并重，更应培养思路与表达趋于一体的自然语言习惯。新概念英语语法精粹 / 节目内容1、冠词The Article 1 知识要点：冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。一、

5、不定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如：I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.4、用于某些固定词组中。如：a bit, a few, a l

6、ittle, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如：This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。It is an honour to me to attend the me

7、eting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。1、冠词The Article 2 2、定冠词的用法：1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如：Beijing is the capital of China.The pen on the desk is mine.2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如：Where is the teacher?Open the window, please.3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如：There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a b

8、aby in her arms.The baby was thin.4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the earth, the moon, the sun.5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如：He is always the first to come to school.Bob is the tallest in his class.6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如：the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Childrens Palace, the Part

9、y等。7、用在一些习惯用语中。如：on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas9、用在报刊、杂志前。如：the Peoples Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如

10、：The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如：the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如：The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).一、冠词The Article 3 3、零冠词（即不用冠词）：1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如：China, America, Grade One, Class T

11、wo, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如：Go down this street.3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如：We are students. I like reading stories.4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如：Teachers Day, Childrens Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。Today is New Years Day. It is Sunday. March 8 is Womens

12、 Day.5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。如：Whats the matter, Granny? We elected him monitor.6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如：at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。7、在三餐饭和球类运动

13、前。如：She goes to school after breakfast every morning.We are going to play football.We usually have lunch at school.8、科目前不加。如：We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects. 2、名词Nouns1 1、名词的种类：1、专有名词：1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠词）2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the Peo

14、ples Republic of China, the United States等。（由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。）2、普通名词1）不可数名词注意： 不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。如：have a wonderful time. 不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows| | |各种各样的鱼 各种报纸 河湖、海水 积雪 有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代，works著

15、作，difficulties困难 在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper二、名词Nouns2 2、名词的所有格：1、表有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格，一般在名词后加“s”。如：Mikes bag, Childrens Day, my brothers room, womens rights注意：1）名词复数的词尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如：Teachers Day, the workers rest-home（工人疗养院），the students reading-r

16、oom2）复合名词的所有格，在后面的词后加“s”。如：her son-in-laws photo（她女婿的照片）；anybody elses book（其他任何人的书）3）如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，则在最后的一个名词后面加“s”； 如果不是共有，则每个词后都要加“s”。如：Jane and Helens room. 珍妮和海伦的房间（共有）. Bills and Toms radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的 收音机（不共有）4）表地点（店铺，某人的家等）的名词所有格后面，一般省去它所修饰的名词。如：the tailors (裁缝铺) the doctors (诊所) Mr Brown

17、s (布朗先生的家)5）有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词，也可加“s”表所有格。如：half an hours walk (半小时的路程) Chinas agriculture (中国的农业)2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of，特别是名词较长，有较多的定语时。如：the story of Dr Norman BethuneDo you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?4、“of词组+所有格”的用法：在表示所属物的名词前

18、有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等）时，常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如：a friend of my fathers 我父亲的一位朋友。some inventions of Edisons 爱迪生的一些发明those exercise-books of the students 学生们的那些练习本。3、主谓一致Agreement 知识要点：在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的

19、意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：1）The book is on the table.2）He is reading English.3）To work hard is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard.）4）How you get there is a problem.2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：Children like to play toys.3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头，be

20、动词与后面第一个名词一致。如：1）There is a dog near the door.2）There were no schools in this area before liberation.3）Here comes the bus.4）On the wall were two famous paintings.5）Here is Mr Brown and his children.4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as we

21、ll as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends.2）He and my father work in the same factory.3）His sister, no less than you, is wrong.4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very

22、 diligent.6）Every picture except these two has been sold.7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。如：1）The writer and w

23、orker is coming to our school tomorrow.这位工人作家明天要来我们学校。2）Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校。6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：1）Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩

24、子都被邀请参加这次聚会。2）No teacher and no student is absent today.今天没有老师和学生缺席。3）Many a student is busy with their lessons.许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）Each takes a cup of tea.2）Either is correct.3）Neither of them likes this picture.8、由every, some, any, n

25、o构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）Is everyone here?2）Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.3）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.10

26、、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：1）Three years is not a long time.2）Ten dollars is what he needs.3）Five hundred miles is a long distance.11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如：1）The United States is in North America.2）The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。3）“The Ar

27、abian Nights”（天方夜谭）is an interesting book.12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience（听众，观众），government等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：1）My family is going to have a long journey.我家要进行一次长途旅行。2）My family are fond of music. 我家人都喜欢音乐。3）The class has won the honour. 这班获得了荣誉。4）The clas

28、s were jumping for joy. 全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如：1）All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。2）All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。3）Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。14、the + 形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是

29、抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式。如：1）The young are usually very active. 年轻人通常是很活跃的。2）The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。15、or, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror, not onlybut (also)连接的是主语，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如：1）Either you or I am going to the movies.2）Not only you but also he is wrong.16、不可数名

30、词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）Water is a kind of matter.2）The news at six oclock is true.17、集合名词如：people, police ,cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：1）The police are searching for him.2）The cattle are grassing (吃草)。18、population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。如：1）The population of China is larger than that of Japan.

31、2）One third of the population here are workers.19、the number of + 名词复数，是表示“的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a (large / great) number of + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。1）The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.2）A number of students have gone for an outing.20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。四、虚 拟 语 气 虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：1、虚拟条件句。2、名词性虚拟语气。3、虚拟语气的其他用语。一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：If 主语过去时，主语should（could, would, 或might）动词原形，如：If I were you, I would study hard.If it rained, I would not be her