中考英语语法专题复习讲义与练习题专题九被动语态.docx

1、中考英语语法专题复习讲义与练习题专题九 被动语态专题九 被动语态动词语态分为两大类：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。动作的执行者由by连接的短语表示，常译为“被、由”。对于英语的被动语态，我们可以以下五个方面来掌握。 一、主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者或对象。 如：Computers are widely used in our work and daily life. 电脑在我们的工作和日常生活中广泛应用。(computers就是use的对象或承受者) 二、表示被动语态的形式 (1)基本形式：主语 +

2、 be + vt.的过去分词 + (by + sb.) This song is often sung by children at school. 这首歌经常在学校被孩子们唱。 常见被动语态的时态：一般现在时：am/is/are+ vt.的过去分词； 一般过去时：was / were + vt.的过去分词；一般将来时：will / shall / be going to + be + vt.的过去分词；现在完成时：have / has + been + vt.的过去分词；过去完成时：had + been + vt.的过去分词；现在进行时：am/is/are + being + vt.的过去分

3、词；过去进行时：was / were + being + vt.的过去分词 过去将来时：would + be + vt.的过去分词注意：被动语态不用于将来进行时及完成进行时。(2)其他形式： (选学)主语 + be + vt. 的过去分词 + (by +. sb.)+宾语/ 介词 + 宾语 A. 主语 + be + vt. 的过去分词 + (by + sb.)+ 宾语/to +宾语 I was shown his gold medal there. 在那里他给我看了他的金牌。 His gold medal was shown to me. 他的金牌给我看了。 能用于这一句型的常见动词有brin

4、g，give，hand，lend，offer，pass，post，send，show，teach，tell，throw，write等。 B. 主语 + be + vt. 的过去分词 + (by + sb.)+ 宾语 /for +宾语 I was bought a new dictionary (by my father). 我父亲给我买了一本新字典。 A new dictionary was bought for me (by my father). 我父亲给我买了一本新字典。 能用于这一句型的常见动词有buy，call，cook，do，get，make，save等。 主语 + be + vt

5、. 的过去分词 + (by + sb.)+ 主语的补足语 Jim was made chairman at the meeting. Jim在会上被推选为主席。 Li Lei was seen to break the glass this moming. 李雷今天上午被人看到打碎了那块玻璃。 能用于这一句型的常见动词有feel，hear，make，observe，see，watch等。特别注意的是，在主动语态中，不定式做宾语的补足语，不定式前面的小品词to必须省略，而在被动语态中，不定式做主语的补足语，不定式的小品词to必须补上。 主语 +情态动词（can/could/may/might/m

6、ust/should/ought to）+ be + 动词的过去分词 + (by + sb.) Water can be turned into ice. 水能转变成冰。 Your essay should be rewritten again. 你的论文应该还重新修改一遍。 主语 +be + 短语动词的过去分词 + (by + sb.) His words should be paid much attention to. 应该多注意他的话。 The children in China are taken good care of now. 现在中国的孩子被照料得很好。 注意：动词后面的介词

7、或副词不能省略。 形式主语(It) +be + vt.的过去分词 +主语从句 It is reported that our team has won the game again. 据报道，我们队又赢了比赛。 能用于这一句型的常见动词有believe，expect，know，report，say，suppose，think等。这一句型也可变为： 主语 + be + vt. 的过去分词+不定式短语 The Mars is believed to have no life on it. 火星被确认无生命迹象。 Our team is reported to have won the game a

8、gain. 据报道，我们队又赢了比赛。 三、被动语态的用法 被动语态往往表示一种客观的事实，有时语气比较生硬，没有商量的余地，从而令人难以接受，因此，切不可随便使用。在能用主动语态表示时，尽量使用主动语态，只有在下面的情况中才使用被动语态。 说不出动作的执行者或没有必要说出动作的执行者； 如：The classroom had been cleaned when I got there. 当我到达教室的时候，教室已经被人打扫过了。(教室究竟是谁打扫的，说话者并不知道)为了突出或强调动作的承受者或对象；如：Homework must be finished before school is ov

9、er. 作业必须在放学之前做完。(强调 Homework)为了修辞的需要，使句子间的联系更紧密。如: I have a new motorbike. It was given to me by my father yesterday as my birthday present. 我有一台新摩托车。它是昨天我父亲买给我作为生日礼物的。(显然，It指代 the new bike就与上文的a new motorbike紧密相连)四、不能使用被动语态的情况(1)不及物动词没有被动形式。特别要注意汉语中带名词或代词做宾语的动词，如belong，die，happen，occur，take place等不

10、及物动词。 如：A terrible traffic accident happened on the road yesterday. (昨天在公路上发生了一起可怕的交通事故。)就不能改写为：A terrible traffic accident is happened on the road yesterday. (2)一些静态的及物动词也不能用于被动语态。如agree with，fit，have，hold，own，suit等。 如：I dont agree with Jack. (我不同意Jack的观点。)就不能改写为：Jack isn t agreed with. 五、主动形式表被动意义

11、如：The pen writes well. 这支笔很好写。 The food tastes good. 这些食物尝起来味道很好。His house is comfortable to live in. 他的房子住起来很舒服。实战演练(250) 计分: 1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Did ; build B. Was ; built C. Is; built 2.An accident _ on this road last week. A. was happened B. has happened C.happened3.

12、- This kind of rice tastes nice. Do you know where it is grown?- Yes, it _ in Southeast China. A. was grew B. is grown C. is growing 4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. has been visited C. was visited5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has bee

13、n given C. will be given 6.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. will be done7.The doctor _ for yet. A. isnt sent B. wasnt sent C. hasnt been sent 8. -When _ this kind of computer _? -Last year. A. was; made B. did; make C .are; made9.Who _ this b

14、ook _? A. did; write B. was; written by C. is; written10.Mary _ show me her new dictionary. A. has asked to B. was asked to C. is asked 11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told to us B. was told us C. is told us 12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jumped B. jumps C. to jump13.Older people

15、 _ well. A. must be looked after B. looks after C. must look after 14.Our teacher _ carefully.A. should be listened B. should be listened to C. are listened15. In some part of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is served B. serves C. served16. - Did you win the basketball game? - Bad luck. Our

16、team _ in the final one. A. won B. was won C. was beaten 17. Do you think that the bridge _ in a year?A. would be completed B. will be completed C. is completed18. Great changes _ in China since 1949.A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. took place19. -Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy? -

17、She has _ by her classmates.A. laughed B. been laughed C. been laughed at20. Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed 21. This painting _ to a museum in New York in 1977. A. sells B. sold C. was sold 22. The television _. It doesnt work now. A. must repair B. must be

18、 repaired C. has repaired 23. - Do you think that the classroom _ every day? - Yes, I think so. A. should clean B. should be cleaning C. should be cleaned24. I believe that those mountains _ with trees in a few years time. A. are covered B. will be covered C. will cover 25. It is said that about 400

19、 cars _ in the factory next month. A. will produce B. are produced C. will be produced26. I wasnt at home yesterday. I _ to help with the harvest on the farm. A. was asked B.was asking C. asked 27. -Are you free this afternoon? -No. Ill have an English composition _ this afternoon. A. to write B. wr

20、ote C. to be written28. - Where are the boys?- Oh, they _ basketball on the playground just now. A. were seen play B. were seen to play C. had seen play29. - Can you sing this English song?- Of course I can. It _ often _ by children. A. is; sang B.was ; sang C.is ; sung30. -What did Miss Zhang say t

21、o you just now?-She said that all the books should _ to the library on time. A. are returned B. return C. be returned 31. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. have not been decided C. has not been decided 32. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. lear

22、n B. to learn C. learned 33. A football match _ in our school next Monday. A. will hold B. will be held C. is going to hold 34. -Whats happened to Joe? - _ to a hospital.A. Hes taken B. Hes been taken C. Hell be taken 35.- Did you go to the party yesterday? - No, I _.A. wasnt invited B. was invited

23、C. didnt invite 36. Today the forests have almost gone. People must _ down too many trees. A. stop from cutting B. stop to cut C. be stopped from cutting 37 .He was seen _ something from the shop.A. steal B. to steal C. to be stolen 38. One of the club activties _ by Mr Smith.A. is holding B. are he

24、ld C. is held 39. This kind of medicine _ in a dry and cool place. A. must keep B. kept C. must be kept40. The dog _ an hour ago.A.died B.has died C.has been dead 41. -Mary, you _ on the phone. - Thank you, Mom.A. are wanted B. will be wanted C. have wanted 42. This book _ well in the shop.A. sells

25、B. is selling C. is sold 43.The windows_ after school is over.A.usually closed B.are usually closed C.are usually closing44.They sat at the table until all the food _ .A.was eating B.was eaten C.were eaten45.I dont know the restaurant, but it _to be quite a good one.A.is said B.is told C.is spoken 4

26、6. The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he _. A. must be taken care B. must take care of C. must be looked after 47. -I feel very happy that I _ to be the host. -Congratulations. A. choose B. am chsoen C. was chosen48.Trees and grass _ every year to protect our environment.A.is planted

27、B.are planted C.have planted 49.English _in Canada, Australia and New Zealand as well as America.A.speaks B.is speaking C.is spoken 50. -Look at the sign on the wall.- Oh, parking _ here. A. doesnt allow B.isnt allowed C. wasnt allowed 参考答案1-5BCBBC 6-10BCABB 11-15ACABA 16-20CBACC 21-25CBCBC26-30AABCC 31-35CBBBA 36-40CBCCA 41-45AABBA 46-50CCBCB