英语教学法复习题.docx

1、英语教学法复习题English Teaching MethodologyPart I Definitions（1）Denotative meaning（指示意义/外延意义）; The primary, literal meaning of a word, which is used to label real objects. （2）Connotative meaning (内涵意义/隐含意义)； The associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to that

2、word（3）implicit learning;-learning without conscious attention or awareness -Implicit learning is a passive process, where students are exposed to information, and acquire knowledge of that information simply through that exposureExample: learning new words by meeting them repeatedly（4）explicit lear

3、ning; learning with conscious awareness and intention-Explicit learning is an active process where students seek out the structure of information that is presented to them.Example: learning new words by memorizing , imagining, comparing, etc. （5）synonym（同义词）; Items that mean the same, or nearly the

4、same（6）Spontaneity for speaking（自发性）; In most situations, people do not plan ahead of time what they are going to say. The fact that speech is spontaneous means that it is full of false starts, repetitions, incomplete sentences, and short phrases. （7）assessment（评估）;The collecting of information of a

5、 learners learning progress and achievement over a period of time for the purpose of improving teaching and learning. Not based on one test or one task, nor on a mark or grade. （8）evaluation; The systematic gathering of information for the purpose of making decisions (Weiss, 1972). （9）validity（有效正确）

6、; The extent to which inferences made from assessment results are appropriate, meaningful, and useful in terms of the purpose of the assessment.A test measures what it is supposed to measure.（10）reliability; The extent to which the results can be considered consistent (一致的) or stable.A test is relia

7、ble if it gives the same results when it is given on different occasions or when it is used by different people.（12）Washback(反驳作用); The effect that tests have on learning and teaching.It can be beneficial (positive) or detrimental (negative). （13）Portfolios（学习档案袋）; A purposeful collection of student

8、s work that demonstrates to students and others their efforts, progress, and achievements in given areas over a period of time (Genesee & Upshur, 1996).（14）linguistic competence（语言能力）.Linguistic competence is the system of linguistic knowledge possessed by native speakers of a language. It is in con

9、trast to the concept of linguistic performance, the way the language system is used in communication.Part II Short-answer questions and Discussions.1. Give the differences between British English and American English.American English is evolved from British English. But the differences between them

10、are noticeable.The differences between them: .Vocabulary a.Past Simple/Past Participles b.Prepositions Pronunciation （1） : （2）: :（3） i l - l （4） u: ju :（5） i: ai :（6）the same word . Spelling (suffix) 拼写（后缀）. Grammar 语法(1)Use of present perfect tense and simple past tense.现在完成式和一般过去式(2)Verb agreement

11、 and collective nouns 主谓一致和集合名词(3)Past tense forms. 过去时态的形式 First of all, the difference is vocabulary. The following verbs have two acceptable forms of the past simple/past participle in both American and British English, however, the irregular form is generally more common in British English (the

12、first form of the two) and the regular form is more common to American English. (1)Past Simple/Past Participles Dream dreamt OR dreamed Lean leant OR leaned Learn learnt OR learned Smell smelt OR smelled Spell spelt OR spelled Spill spilt OR spilled Burn Burnt OR burned (2) Prepositions American Eng

13、lish - on the weekendBritish English - at the weekend American English - on a teamBritish English - in a team American English - please write me soonBritish English - please write to me soon Secondary, the difference is pronunciation. Sometimes we usually soften or dont read the vowel (especially th

14、e or i ) in the unstressed syllable out in British English, while we should read all vowels out in the American English. So Americans speak more slowly and clearly than the British people. Differences in pronunciation between American English (AmE) and British English (BrE) can be divided into: Diff

15、erences in accent (i.e. phoneme inventory and realisation). See differences between General American and Received Pronunciation for the standard accents in the United States and Britain; for information about other accents see regional accents of English speakers. Differences in the pronunciation of

16、 individual words in the lexicon (i.e. phoneme distribution). In this article, transcriptions use Received Pronunciation (RP) to represent BrE and General American (GAm) and to represent AmE.（1） :When the letter “ a ” comes before -s, -f, -th, -lf, -ph, -n , etc. we pronounce in Am.E , while : in Br

17、.E.本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。（2）: : When the vowel letter “ o ” comes after a stressed closed syllable in a plosive , we usually pronounce it in the standard Br.E , while : in Ar.E .（3） We pronounce i l or l in Ar.E while ail in Br.E when the words end w

18、ith ile . （4） u: ju : Americans pronounce u: while British people ju: when “ u ” and “ new ” come aftern-, d-, t- etc. （5） i: ai : We pronounce the monogram “ ei ” i: in Am.E while ai: in Br.E .（6）Even though the same word , there are some pronunciation differences in Am.E and Br.E . Thirdly, the di

19、fference is spelling. In the United States development of language, spelling have occurred in a similar movement of our simplified characters (The simplified Spelling Movement), delete the word spelling in some of the letters are not pronounced. (1) The aphonic suffix such as -me, -ue in the English

20、 words are deleted in the American spelling. Kilogramme kilogram programme program catalogue catalog dialogue dialog prologue prolog(2) There are “our” at the end of the words and the aphonic letter “u” is deleted in the American spelling. Behaviour behavior colour color honour honor labour labor (3

21、) The suffix “re” which is read become “er”. centre center fibre fiber metre meter theatre theater (4) The suffix “ence” which is read ns become “ense”. defence defense offence offense licence license pretence pretense (5)The suffix “ise” becomes”ize” . criticise criticize organize organize realise

22、realize recognise recognize standardise standardize (6) Double “L” in the British English words becomes “L” in the American English words councilor councilor counsellor counselor jeweller jeweler marvellous marvelous parcelled parceled travelling traveling (7) Someone else. Cheque check Gaol jail ke

23、rb curb moustache mustache plough plow pyjamas pajamas skeptical skeptical erarer rubber Fourthly, the difference is grammar.（1） Use of present perfect tense and simple past tense. Speakers of American English generally use the present perfect tense (have/has + past participle) far less than speaker

24、s of British English. In spoken American English it is very common to use the simple past tense as an alternative in situations where the present perfect would usually have been used in British English.（2） Verb agreement with collective nouns. In British English collective nouns, (i.e. nouns referri

25、ng to particular groups of people or things), (e.g. staff , government, class, team) can be followed by a singular or plural verb depending on whether the group is thought of as one idea, or as many individuals , e.g.: My team is winning. The other team is all sitting down.In American English collec

26、tive nouns are always followed by a singular verb, so an American would usually say: Which team is losing?Whereas in British English both plural and singular forms of the verb are possible, as in:Which team is/are losing?（3） Past tense forms.Below is a table showing verbs which have different simple

27、 past and past participle forms in American and British English. Note that the irregular past forms burnt, dreamt and spoilt are possible in American English, but less common than the forms ending in -ed.infinitivesimple past (Br)simple past (Am)past participle (Br)past participle (Am)burnburned/bur

28、ntburned/burntburned/burntburned/burntbustbustbustedbustbusteddivediveddove/diveddiveddiveddreamdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtgetgotgotgotgottenleanleaned/leantleanedleaned/leantleanedlearnlearned/learntlearnedlearned/learntlearnedpleadpleadedpleaded/pledpleadedpleaded/pled

29、proveprovedprovedprovedproved/provensawsawedsawedsawnsawn/sawedsmellsmelled/smeltsmelledsmelled/smeltsmelled 2. The characteristics of American English（1）Reservation of the ancient English features It retains and revives many of the words in that have already become obsolete in British English, such

30、 as “I guess“，“I think”，“I suppose”，“I believe”. Also，the American English has reservd many vivid ,imaginative ancient words,such as: “fall”, meaning autumn, deriving from “the fall of leaves (deciduous season)”.In addition, compared with London accent , American English pronunciation is a little ol

31、d-fashioned with some typical features of the British English in the 17th and 18th century.For example, the retention of retroflex R.(2)Rich creativityCreate some new words that do not exist at all.Instances :pizzazz(时髦派头的人);black hole(黑洞); space walk(太空行走); Based on the old words ,it create new words by free use of affixes, or blending (and inverse method (backformation) .Instance