语法.docx

1、语法语法1（选自2008年11月北京地区成人英语三级考试）Part II Vocabulary and Structure （30 %）Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer S

2、heet.考点： 考察由同一动词构成的动词短语的辨析提示： 按照“先局部， 后整体”的思路答题（选自2008年4月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）39. The factory had to _ number of employees because of the economic decline (n. 衰退)in the country.A. lay out B. lay off C. lay aside D. lay down答案为B。lay out v. 摆开, 展示, 布置lay off v. （临时）解雇， 停止lay aside v. 搁置, 积蓄lay down v. 放下, 放

3、弃类似考题（选自2008年4月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）40. His parents _ his money, so he is in trouble （adv. 处于危难中）now.A. cut off B. cut through C. gave up D. brought down答案为A。cut off v. 切断, 断绝cut off a corner v. 抄近路cut through v. 抄近路走过, 刺穿give up v. 放弃(念头、希望等), 认输bring down v. 打倒, 降低类似考题（选自2007年11月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）16. I hop

4、e the stove will _enough heat to warm the room. A. get over B. give in C. get out D. give off 答案为D. get over v. 克服, 熬过get out v. 出去, 离开, 泄露, 出版get across v. 被理解；使人了解e.g. Did your speech get across to the crowd? 你的演说听众理解吗?get by v. 度日，生活, 尚可e.g. He gets by on a small income. 靠微薄的收入生活e.g. Your work wi

5、ll just get by. 你的工作尚能过得去。get down v. 写下，记下get over v. 做完，结束，熬过， 克服e.g. Youll be glad to get your operation over. 手术做完了你一定会高兴的。e.g. Can we get over this difficulty? 我们能克服这个困难吗？get together v. 相聚，聚会e.g. When can we get together?我们什么时候聚会？get up v. （使）起床（病后）起床；起身give out v. 分发, 发出（声音）e.g. Give the mone

6、y out to the children.把钱分给孩子们。e.g. The radio is giving out a signal. 这收音机发出了一种信号。语2考点： 考察常见小动词用法的辨析（选自2008年4月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）41. Can you _ the difference _ the two phrases?A. tell, between B. speak, from C. say, of D.talk, between答案为A。tell the difference between. v. 辨别.之间的差异speak from memory v. 单凭记忆讲

7、speak of v. 谈及, 说到e.g. When speaking of his past, he looked very painful. 类似考题29. The evening news comes on at seven oclock and _ only thirty minutes. A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts 答案为D。keep v. 保持, 保存, 遵守, 远离, 阻止, 记(日记,帐等)e.g. Keep calm! 安静!e.g. Their dog looked dangerous, so we decided

8、 to keep our children from it.e.g. He kept himself from blowing his top(发脾气). continue v. 继续；使继续；连续；使连续；延伸 e.g. The fighting continued for a week.finish v.（常与off连用）完成；结束e.g. What time does the concert finish? 音乐会何时结束？e.g. When do you finish your college course? 你什么时候大学毕业?last adj. 最后的, 最近的vi. 持续e.g.

9、 The hot weather lasted until the end of September.语法考察点1： 考察从句结构 让步状语从句（选自2008年4月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）16. No matter _ he is able to come to the party or not, we will invite him.A. when B. whether C. how D. why 16 B 考察由no matter whether引导的让步状语从句考点延伸: no matter + whether/how/why/when/where/what（whatever/ h

10、owever/whenever, whichever/wherever）引导让步状语从句e.g. No matter how you try, you will not succeed. e.g. Whatever we said, hed disagree.比较: e.g. You may do whatever you want to do.提示: whatever, Whichever, whoever等还可以引导名词性从句语3相关考题（选自2006年4月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）19. _ he says or does wont make me change my mind (改

11、变我的想法)at all(根本不). A. Whatever B. However C. Which D. How 答案为A. 该题考察whatever引导主语从句语法考点补充(让步状语从句的从属连词):although, though, even if/though, while, whether.or., no matter + whether/how/why/when/where/what/which，提示:no matter how/ when/where/what/which = however/whenever/wherever/whichever注意: no matter how

12、/however引导的让步状语从句需要用倒状结构相关考题（选自2008年11月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）_ I have to put it away (放好, 抛弃)and focus my attention on (把注意力集中到.)study this week.A. However the story is amusingB. No matter amusing the story isC. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing答案为C. however/no matter how引导

13、的从句需要用倒装结构相关考题（选自2007年11月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）18. _the price is, they are prepared to pay. A. However B. Whichever C. Whatever D. Wherever 答案为C. 提示:引导从句的连接词通常都要在从句中充当成分, 因此从句中缺失什么语法成分也是判断需要在从句中填入什么样的连接词的判断依据.复习要点：1 although 和though的区别；though可以作状语, 出现在句中或句尾, 用做状语时通常需要用逗号使该词与句子其他部分间隔开如: I shall come to the

14、meeting. I cant stay till the end, though.though 可以和even连用, 而although不可以.19. They decided to chase（追赶） the cow away _ it did more damage.2. 要注意while引导的让步状语从句While I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree that they cannot be solved. 3. as引导的让步状语从句(需要用倒装结构)e.g. Tall as he was, he couldnt

15、reach the apples. 4. whether.or not, whether.or引导的让步状语从句e.g. I will go whether you come with me or stay at home相关考点:（选自2007年11月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）20._I accept that the plan is not perfect, I do actually like it. A. When B. Since C. While D. Unless 答案为C。 该题考察while引导的让步状语从句.猜答案技巧:当which和that都出现在被选项中时, tha

16、t可能是答案;当when和while都出现在被选项中时, while可能是答案;语4（选自2008年11月北京地区成人英语三级考试）Part II Vocabulary and Structure （30 %） Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken th

17、e corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 条件状语从句（选自2007年4月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）31. _ youre early you cant be sure of (确信)getting a seat. A. If B. Unless C. When D. Because 答案为B. 该题考察unless引导的条件状语从句.语法点补充: 条件状语从句还可以由词组引出: suppose, supposing (that), providing(that), provided(that), given(that), in case (t

18、hat), on condition (that), as long as, so long as, as far as, so far as等e.g. You may keep the book a further week provided (that) no one else requires it.e.g. Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.相关考题：（选自2007年4月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）32. _, a form must be filled in. A. If you want to get this job

19、 B. In order to get this job C. Making request for （要求）this job D. To ask for （请求， 寻找）this job 答案为A。提示： 非谓语动词结构的逻辑主语是句子主语复习要点：1. 虚拟条件句if引导的虚拟条件句有倒装和省略的特点， 另外， 虚拟条件句的主句和从句在时态上有特点， 因此虚拟条件句是常考的语法点。（选自2007年4月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）45. If the wounded soldier had been given first _, he would not have died. A. hel

20、p B. aid C. care D. attention 答案为B。 该句还可以改写为: Had the wounded solider been given first aid, he would not have died. 2. 短语结构引导的条件句e.g. You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean. 3. if only与only if的区分only if 只要., 其所在句子的主句需要使用部分倒装结构;e.g. Only if you arrive at home on time will you get the gi

21、ft(礼物). if only 但愿., 引导虚拟语气感叹句或虚拟条件句e.g. If only she would come! 语5 地点状语从句 （选自2007年11月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）38. There were dirty marks on her trousers _she had wiped her hands. A. where B. when C. that D. what 答案为A。该题考察where引导的定语从句。比较： （选自2007年4月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）34. After the war, a new school building was p

22、ut up (建造)_ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when 答案为B。该题考察where引导的地点状语从句。提示： Where还可以引导名词性从句e.g. I want to know where you are from. 原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的常见从属连词because, as， sincee.g. I missed my train because I got up late. e.g. Since you ask, I will tell you.e.g. As I didnt kno

23、w the way, I asked a policeman.强调句型强调句型有两种，一种强调谓语动词，谓语动词前须加助动词do、did、does，注意主谓的一致性，强调谓语以外的其他成分，需要用强调句型it强调句型的构成“It is/was+被强调部分+that(wh0，whom+其他成分)”强调句型通常强调主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)、状语、补语。当强调部分为人时，引导词可以用who或that；当强调部分为时间、地点、原因等时，引导词只可用that，而不能用when，where，why等。e.g. Mary met a little boy on street yesterday.It wa

24、s Mary who/that met a little boy on the street yesterday.(强调主语)It was a little boy that/whom Mary met on the street yesterday.（强调宾语）It was yesterday that Mary met a little boy on the street .（强调时间状语）It was on the street that Mary met a little boy yesterday.（强调地点状语） not . until 强调句型e.g. He didnt go t

25、o bed until his father came back.It was not until his father came back that he went to bed.（选自2005年11月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）It is because he is kind and modest_he wins the respect of others. A. what B. which C. why D. that答案：D（选自2006年4月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）It was not until dawn _ their way out of the forest. A.

26、when they found B. that they found C. did they find D. that they didnt lind 答案：B 时间状语从句（选自2007年4月北京地区成人英语三级考试试题）Before the guests come, I must get the glasses _. A. washed B. to be washed C. being washed D. to wash 答案：A语6 时间状语从句 复习重点：1 连接时间状语从句的从属连词when， whenever， while， as, before, until, till, aft

27、er, since, once, as soon ase.g. Whenever you find an interesting book in a bookshop, buy it at once.e.g. But Einstein was able to prove that light coming from the stars was bent (弯曲)as it passed the sun. e.g. Once you start smoking, you can not easily give up.e.g. I will ring you as soon as I have a

28、ny more information. 2.时间状语从句还可以由一些副词引导 directly, immediately, instantly, immediately after, immediately when, directly when，这些副词的意义相当于as soon as eg The machine will started instantly/immediately you press the button. 3 一些表示时间的短语也可以引导时间状语从句， 如the instant， the moment， the minute， every/each time等e.g.

29、 He came to the scene the moment he heard of the accident.e.g. Every time he comes, he brings me a new book. 4.与when相关的倒装结构，常见的有hardlywhen等e.g. Hardly had I opened the door when he told me.语7 比较状语从句复习要点:1. 连接比较状语从句的as.as.(如同.那样地.), -er/more.than.(比.更.)e.g. My left eye is better than my right eye.e.g

30、. This kind of paper was as soft and light as silk. e.g. Hes not so kind as his brother. 2. the more.the more. 越.越.e.g. The more I study, the more I like it. e.g. The longer the stone is exposed to the weather, the harder it gets. 3. 用while表示对比关系e.g. I like tea while he prefers coffee.4. as.as.结构的特殊用法 e.g. He is as kind as his sister is honest. e.g. she is as beautiful as her husband is ugly. 名词性从句 主语从句名词性从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句