宾语的定义及用法.docx

1、宾语的定义及用法宾语：指一个动作（）的接受者，常置于动词之后，也有双宾语结构eg:he gave me a book，类似拥有me和book两个宾语的句子叫宾语）宾语从句（object clauses）用法从句的：结构：+宾语（陈述语序） 【注意：1引导词.that 2语序v.+主+谓 由if、whether引导宾语从句 3时态：A.主句-现在时 从句-任一时态】1. 、连接宾语从句的主要有that,if,whether，和疑问词（what， how， where， when .)。that引导表示的宾语从句，if和whether，whether.or not引导表示“是否”的的宾语从句。He

2、 told me (that ）he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他明年上大学。I dont know if/whether there will be a bus any more.我不知道这里是否会继续有公交车了（二）关联代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。Do you know who has won Battlefield3 game？你知道是谁赢得了3的游戏

3、么？（三）关联副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.注：宾语从句通常跟在动词后面。动宾从句大多数都可以带宾语从句We all expect （that ）they will win,for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us （that） they would help us through the whole wo

4、rk.他告诉我们在整个工作中，他们都会帮忙的.部分“动词+”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out （that） all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有：make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用it代替的

5、宾语从句动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of drinks every day .我认为我们每天多喝是有必要的.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it（）这主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see ,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tellI hate it when they say with their mouths

6、full of food.？若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替He will have it that our plan is really practical.？他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.介宾从句用whether之类的介词宾语从句：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 20 manned spa

7、ceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州20号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.用that,if引导的宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知.形容+宾从句有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句，例如；1. 1. I am sorry I am late.2. I am glad that yo

8、u can join us.3. Are you sure his answer is right?常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有： sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候能去看望他

9、.if与whether if和whether在作“是否”理解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，后一般不用if 少数动词，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在前只能用whether.（如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。）一般“no matter”示“是否”用whether而不用if不省略引导词that当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,pr

10、ove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时；当宾语从句较长时；当置于主句尾，宾语从句之；当(包括非)与宾语从句之间有时；当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略；当宾语从句中的是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时；当宾语从句是中的时；当宾语从句的是非或时；当主语中的动词是时；当宾语从句有it做其时；在中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.当that在从句中充当主语时否定转移学习图片主句的是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句

11、的是而且为，从句的一般要转移到主句上来，其一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he wont come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或，其要用肯定形式.我们通常称为否定前移。We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲

12、课，是不是时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的一般不受主句的所影响.当主句为过去时从句用或表示与主句动作同时发生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know which country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书，可不知道是哪个国家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读老人与海.从句表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He tol

13、d me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary.从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.如果从句是一个客观真理，那么从句的不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterda

14、y.老师昨天说月亮围着地球转.当宾语从句的是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时，不能按正常安排，经常将这类引导词置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.1. 无论任何时候都为陈述.3版本二学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：引导词、语序和时态。一、1从句为，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。2从句为，常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether or not 结构中不能用 if

15、替换。3从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等疑问代词、疑问副词作引导词。 注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他。1. 从句的引导词有很多，如：say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等。二、判断时态情况1主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态。2主句是，从句为各种相应过去。 注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。3：that，who，whom,whose,which:1 The teacher told the children that the s

16、un_ round.1. was B. is C. were D. are2 I believe that our team_ the basketball match.1. win B. wonC. will winD. wins答： 宾语从句用作宾语。如：Do you know where he lives?相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.This is the man whom he is looking for.三、宾语从句的用法1that引导宾语从句无意

17、义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外：介词宾语从句的that不能省略。 and连接的两个从句，两个从句的that不能省略。He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time1. Whether,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列

18、情形除外：whether从句中有or notwhether从句做介词宾语Everything depends on whether you agree with us3许多带的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。结构是：主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词等宾语补足语 + 宾语从句We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering

19、when he can finish this difficult job. 有时候可以用it 作，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. 带有宾语从句的的否定形式一般是否定。Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher.Good: I dont thin

20、k he likes the English teacher. 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.4版本三宾语从句，在复合就叫，位于及物动词后。egTell him which class you are in Do you know what he likes？注：主句谓语过去时，从句相应过去时；He answered that he was

21、listening to me.主句谓语现在时，从句任所需；eg He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.They know (that) he is working hard.具体过去永不变，真理格言现在时；egHe told me that he was born in 1980.Father told me that practice makes perfect .（2）完成反意问句在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上

22、去，完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注： 否定前移的条件是，主句是）eg I dont think you are right,are youI dont believe they have finished their work yet,have they（3）运用虚拟语气在表示：建议 suggest 、advise、propose;要求demand 、desire、request；决定 decide;命令 order、command、require;坚决主张 insist;等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v（）eg I suggested that you（should）

23、study hardHe ordered that we should go out at once（4）宾语从句后置如果宾语从句后有宾语，用it作，把宾语从句后置egYou may think it strange that he would live there（5）that不可省略宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略A当主句带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。egI believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get betterB当it作时egShe made it cl

24、ear that she had nothing to do with himC当宾语从句前置时egThat our team will win，I believe5版本四一、定义和例句分析宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。A 作动词的宾语：I heard the news.名词作宾语Iheard that he would come here later on.一个句子作宾语-宾语从句B 作的宾语：Hesaidnothing about the plan.代词作动词的宾语名词作介词的宾语Hesaidnothing about who broke the window last nigh

25、t.代词作动词的宾语一个句子作介词的宾语1. 二、的构成带有宾语从句的复合句就是用把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。有：that(可省略)，what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how.1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day.宾语2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm.直接宾语3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer.间接宾语4

26、if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning.how she managed to solve the problem.why water flows from a high position to a lower position.在例子4中，当主句是过去时（，过去将来时，），从句根据不同情况必须使用过去的一种，（大自然的现象和真理除外）。5 if (whether) I have passed the exam.how my cat escaped from the room last night.在例子5中，当是

27、现在时态时（，），从句可根据不同情况使用各种时态。1. 三、注意A 宾语从句必须用陈述。False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。Bad: I thought that he could finish thisjob in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible

28、that he could finish this job in just two hours.Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher.Good: I dont think he likes the English

29、 teacher.D 主句态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.宾语从句的点点滴滴宾语从句是英语中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做或的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：一，A,由that 引导的性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,ex

30、pect,hear,feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在中。例：I told him that he was wrong.l在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。例：I dont think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)l在许多带有的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。例：We think it wrong that

31、he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)B,由if、 whether 引导的表示“是否”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。例：I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.例：I dont know whether the