备战中考英语考点一遍过被动语态.docx

1、备战中考英语考点一遍过被动语态命题趋势： 动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。中考考查重点：1. 被动语态的句型；2. 被动语态的各种时态形式；3. 被动语态的用法；4. 主动语态变被动语态；5. 主动形式表示被动意义。被动语态考向一：被动语态的句型句型构成例句肯定句主语 + be + 过去分词( + by. )English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。否定句主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by)English isn t spoken by people

2、 here. 这里的人不说英语。一般疑问句Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by.)?Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗?Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn t. 不，他没有。特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by.)?Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥?考向二：被动语态的各种时态形式时态结构例句一般现在时主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他History is made by the peop

3、le. 历史是人们创造的。These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。一般过去时主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。一般将来时主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。When will the work be finished? 这项

4、工作什么时候完成？现在进行时主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。过去进行时主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他The hall was being built last year. I m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。

5、The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。现在完成时主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？过去完成时主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他The room had been broken into before we cam

6、e. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。情态动词主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。考向三：被动语态的用法用法例句不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？The bo

7、ok was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。强调动作的承受者School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。当动作的执行者是泛指时He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。句法修饰的需要The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician

8、from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。有些动词习惯上常用被动语态He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。考向四：主动语态变被动语态说明例句含有单个宾语的主动句，即主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）。The famous professor

9、 gave two lectures in English.Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。They often ask some questions after class. Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。含有双宾语的主动句，即主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾

10、语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation.I was given some good advice on the pronunciation.Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation.老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。含有复合宾语的主动句，即主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。We call him Li Hua.He is called L

11、i Hua. 我们叫他李华。They painted the room white.The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。【易错警示】感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth。They saw her enter the meeting room just now.She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。含有动词

12、短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。They take good care of these children.These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。We should make full use of the good chance.The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。【易错警示】动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。考向五：主动形式表示被动意义情况例句说明主语的性质、特

13、征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗.A freshly baked cake doesn t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want

14、，require，worth等。The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。【知识拓展】常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组：be seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着被动语态记忆口诀被动语态强调宾，用 be加上过去分。be要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。直宾要把主语变，间宾前加to最称心。唯有原宾是复合，只有变宾要当心。原句

15、宾补变主补，位置不必挪寸分。情态动词变被动，情态加be加过分。如若情态后带to，变后有to才弄准。短语动词变被动，相当及物莫疑心。不过其后介或副，变后还得要承认。一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面哦)1. It s said(据说) that the long bridge _（build）in two months. 2. Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now. 3. Which language _ the most widely _（speak）in the world? 4. The lost boy _（not

16、find）so far. 5. Last year a large number of trees _（cut）down. 6. The students _ often _ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits _ (sell) in this shop. 9. What _ knives _ (make) of ? They _ (make) of metal(

17、金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library? 11. The room _ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars can t _ (see) in the daytime. 13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well. 15. How long _ your uncle _ (be) in the city? 16. The food _ (smell

18、) delicious.二、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 1. Is tea grown in South China?（改为主动语态） _ people _ tea in South China?2. I am given a birthday present by my parents every year. （同义句转换） A birthday present _ _ _ _ by my parents every year. 3. The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)How _ _ the work going t

19、o be finished? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song _ _ _ by the children. 5. You needn t do it now. (改为被动语态) It _ _ _ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal _ _ _making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态) I _ _ _ _that for hi

20、m. 8. They are watching the football match.The football match _ _ _ by them.9. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态) _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago? 10. They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态) The light green dresses _ _ _ out. 11. We call the game Lianliankan. (改为被动语态

21、)The game _ _ Lianliankan by us.三、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 The new bike _ _ _ _ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week. _ your mobile phone _ _ _（是国产的吗）? The whole mountain is _ _ (覆盖) the snow.四、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 I have a lot of homework to be done tonight. _Is your history teacher listened carefully

22、 in class? _Lei Feng s name remembered by all Chinese people. _The music is sounded beautiful. _By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed? _1. （2019 湖北省宜昌市）Its reported that 31 of the brave young men in a big forest fire in Sichuan. I dont know who they are, but I know who they are for. A. wer

23、e killing B. were killed C. killed D. had killed2.（2019 湖南长沙） Perfect photos! Good skills! Thank you. They by my Huawei mobile phone. In fact, I am not skillful at all. A. took B. were taken C. will be taken3.（2019 湖南省岳阳市）Its reported that Notre-Dame de Paris（巴黎圣母院） in April 2019. A. was burnt B. is

24、 burnt C. be burnt4.（2019 四川省眉山市）Paper first about two thousand years ago in China by Cai Lun. A. is; inventing B. is; invented C. has; invented D. was; invented5.（2019 湖北省咸宁市） The passenger refused to move after taking another ones seat! What a shame! He according to the new credit system(诚信体系). A.

25、 punish B. punished C. will punish D. will be punished6.（2019 襄阳市） I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning. You know they by the hard-working cleaners every day. A. clean B. are cleaned C. are cleaning D. will clean7.（2019 湖南省益阳市）A lot of trees every spring in Yiyang city. A. plant B. is

26、 planted C. are planted8. （2019 江苏省南京市）The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it 18 years ago. A. set up B. is set up C. was set up D. will be set up9.（2019 四川省广元市）Many old trees and houses by the terrible rainstorm last

27、 night. A. are pulled down B. were pulled down C. will be pulled down10. （2019 贵阳市）The Meitan Tea Museum, a famous building in Guizhou, in the shape of a giant teapot. A. will be built B. should be built C. was built1. （广东省东莞市智升学校2019届第一学期第三次月考）Students _ to read the text carefully before they answe

28、red the questions.A. ask B. asked C. are asked D. were asked2. （福建省厦门双十中学2018届初三第二次模拟考试）Excuse me, when can we play basketball on the playground?Not until the playground _ next week.A. will repair B. will be repaired C. is repaired3. （安徽省马鞍山市2018届九年级第二学期二模）Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge _ already. Ho