外研版初二上英语第18讲Module 9语法篇教师版word.docx

1、外研版初二上英语第18讲Module 9语法篇教师版wordModule 9语法篇“师”之概念，大体是从先秦时期的“师长、师傅、先生”而来。其中“师傅”更早则意指春秋时国君的老师。说文解字中有注曰：“师教人以道者之称也”。“师”之含义，现在泛指从事教育工作或是传授知识技术也或是某方面有特长值得学习者。“老师”的原意并非由“老”而形容“师”。“老”在旧语义中也是一种尊称，隐喻年长且学识渊博者。“老”“师”连用最初见于史记，有“荀卿最为老师”之说法。慢慢“老师”之说也不再有年龄的限制，老少皆可适用。只是司马迁笔下的“老师”当然不是今日意义上的“教师”，其只是“老”和“师”的复合构词，所表达的含义多

2、指对知识渊博者的一种尊称，虽能从其身上学以“道”，但其不一定是知识的传播者。今天看来，“教师”的必要条件不光是拥有知识，更重于传播知识。 _一般说来，“教师”概念之形成经历了十分漫长的历史。杨士勋（唐初学者，四门博士）春秋谷梁传疏曰：“师者教人以不及，故谓师为师资也”。这儿的“师资”，其实就是先秦而后历代对教师的别称之一。韩非子也有云：“今有不才之子师长教之弗为变”其“师长”当然也指教师。这儿的“师资”和“师长”可称为“教师”概念的雏形，但仍说不上是名副其实的“教师”，因为“教师”必须要有明确的传授知识的对象和本身明确的职责。 _“教书先生”恐怕是市井百姓最为熟悉的一种称呼，从最初的门馆、私塾

3、到晚清的学堂，“教书先生”那一行当怎么说也算是让国人景仰甚或敬畏的一种社会职业。只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教书，最初出现的“先生”一词也并非有传授知识那般的含义。孟子中的“先生何为出此言也？”；论语中的“有酒食，先生馔”；国策中的“先生坐，何至于此？”等等，均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。其实国策中本身就有“先生长者，有德之称”的说法。可见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意，倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。看来，“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称，并非具学问者的专称。称“老师”为“先生”的记载，首见于礼记?曲礼，有“从于先生，不越礼而与人言”，其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知

4、识者”，与教师、老师之意基本一致。熟练掌握本模块语法知识。死记硬背是一种传统的教学方式,在我国有悠久的历史。但随着素质教育的开展,死记硬背被作为一种僵化的、阻碍学生能力发展的教学方式,渐渐为人们所摒弃;而另一方面,老师们又为提高学生的语文素养煞费苦心。其实,只要应用得当,“死记硬背”与提高学生素质并不矛盾。相反,它恰是提高学生语文水平的重要前提和基础。 冠词： 是限定的一种词，不能单独使用，常用于修饰名词。冠词有三种形式：不定冠词（a/an）, 定冠词（the）和零冠词（/）。 1.不定冠词的用法不定冠词用来修饰可数名词单数，指人或物种的某一个或某一类，但不具体说明是何人何物。不定冠词的常见用

5、法有：表示“一个”的概念。 Population is a big problem for cities .表示“每一“的概念，相当于every 。 I watch TV once a week .首次提到的某人或某物，不定冠词起介绍作用。 A student wants to ask you some questions某些固定短语中，要用不定冠词。 have a good time have a look have a rest 2.定冠词的用法指前文中提到过的人或物。 I have a dog . The dog is black .特指某人或某物。 The girl with long

6、 hair is my younger sister .指说话双方都知道的人或物 I had to write the same report last term .用于专有名词前。 the Great Wall the Pacific Ocean 用于世界上独一无二的事物前。 the sun the moon 用于姓氏复数形式之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”。 the Smiths用于形容词最高级前。 the biggest city用于序数词前。the first boy用于西洋乐器名词前。 play the piano 某些形容词前加定冠词 the ，表示一类人或物 。the youn

7、g the old用于某些固定短语中 : in the morning the day after tomorrow 3.零冠词的用法在球类活动，学科名词前以及节日，月份，星期前不用冠词。 Tom can play volleyball .名词前已有指示代词，物主代词，不定代词或数词等作定语时名词前不用冠词There are many books in her schoolbag.在某些固定短语或习惯用语中不用冠词 by bus have breakfast at home at night 注意:在某些短语中，名词前用冠词和不用冠词的意义有所不同。in hospital in the hos

8、pital at table at the table in class in the class宋以后，京师所设小学馆和武学堂中的教师称谓皆称之为“教谕”。至元明清之县学一律循之不变。明朝入选翰林院的进士之师称“教习”。到清末，学堂兴起，各科教师仍沿用“教习”一称。其实“教谕”在明清时还有学官一意，即主管县一级的教育生员。而相应府和州掌管教育生员者则谓“教授”和“学正”。“教授”“学正”和“教谕”的副手一律称“训导”。于民间，特别是汉代以后，对于在“校”或“学”中传授经学者也称为“经师”。在一些特定的讲学场合，比如书院、皇室，也称教师为“院长、西席、讲席”等。 数字 : 分为基数词和序数词。

9、本模块中，我们重点学习数字的读法。在英语中，每三位数字为一个单位，按照百，十，个位向下读。而进位的读法则为thousand, million , billion向上递增。数次的常见用法：分数表达法在英语中，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子是1时，分母用原形；当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。1/3 ： one thirds 2/3 : two thirds 百分数的表达百分数用percent 表示，符号为% 如： 5% 读作 five present . 1.Do you play _ piano in your free time?No, I like sports. I often pla

10、y _ soccer with my friends.A. /; the B. the; / C. the; the D. a; a2.(2019凉山中考)This is_interesting movie and its also_most interesting one Ive ever seen.A.an;a B.an;the C.a;the D. a;a3. _ man in a black hat is my PE teacher. He often plays _ football with us.A. A; the B. The; a C. The; / D. A; /4 She

11、 will have_ chance to go to_ college for a further education.A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a;/5. _ Browns were having dinner when the telephone rang A A B An C The D /解析：1.考查冠词。在英语中, 乐器前应该加the, 而球类前不用加冠词。故选B。2本题考查冠词的用法。a用在以辅音(指辅音音素)开头的词前,an用在以元音(指元音音素)开头的词前。故interesting前用an,最高级前要加the。故选B。3本题考查冠词的

12、用法，特指时用the , play 直接加球类中间没有冠词，故选C。4根据题意“他将有机会去大学深造”，故选B。5本题考查the 加姓氏复数形式之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”，故选C。基础演练用冠词a, an, the，/ ,完成句子.1. Britain is _ European country and China is _ Asian country 2. We always have _ rice for lunch 3. _Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world 4 .Its our _ first time

13、 to go to the city 5. Does Jim come from _ USA or _ Australia ?6 .There is _ picture on _ wall . I like _ picture very much答案：1 a ; an 2 / 3 The 4 / 5 the ; / 6 a ; the ; the 巩固提高冠词专项练习:选择正确的答案。1. What does your father do? He is _ art teacher. A. a B. an C. the D. /2. Are you having _ good time? Yes

14、, but Im feeling tired. I want to have _ rest.A. a; / B. /; a C. a; a D. the; a3. Look at _ skirt! I bought it for Mum on Mothers Day. Isnt it nice? A. a B. the C. an D. /4. This is _ song Ive told you about. Isnt it _ beautiful one? A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the5. Katy and Sandy live in _

15、 town, and they both get _ e-mail a day. A. /; an B. the; an C. the; a D. /; the6. （天津中考）-What do youthink of _ film about Zhan Tianyou? -Its _ good film. A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a7.（兰州中考）- Who is _ man in a black hat? - Its Jim Brown. We often play _ basketball together in our free ti

16、me. A. an; a B. a; / C. the; a D. the; /答案：BCBCB CD二数词练习题。1. Now children, turn to page and look at the picture in Lesson Two.A. twentiethone B. twentyone C. twentiethfirst D. twentyfirst2. We all think that century will bring us more hopes. A. twenty-first B. twentieth-first C. twenty-one D. twenti

17、eth-one3. -What do you think of a war, Lin Tao?-Ive no idea. But its a fact that people had to leave their home during the War. A. three thousands B. thousand of C. thousands of D. several thousands4. It is said that SARS has killed more than people worldwide.A. three hundreds B. three hundreds C. t

18、hree hundreds D. three hundred5. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a one. A. three B. third C. fourth D.（不填）答案：1. D 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.B一单项选择. 1. -Whats the matter with you? -I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed. A. a; (不填) B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the2. -Have you seen pen? I left it

19、here this morning. -Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a3. _earth we live on is bigger than moon. A. The; a B. The; the C. An; a D. An; the4. -Remember this, children. careful you are, mistakes you will make.-We know, Miss Gao. A. The more; the more B.

20、The fewer; the moreC. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less5. Theres “h” in the word “hour”. A. a B. the C. an D. 不填6. -Did you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou?- Yes, I had wonderful time.A. a B. an C. the D.不填7. If you dont mind, pass me apple, please. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填8. I am reading novel.

21、It is interesting story. A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an9. My uncle isnt old man, and he likes playing football. A. a; a B. an; an C. the; the D. an; /10. The boys and girls often play football in afternoon. A. /; an B. the; an C. /; the D. a; the答案： ADBCC ABADC二. 完形填空 。The population problem

22、may be the 1 one of the world today. The worlds population is growing 2 . Two thousand years ago, there were only 250 million people 3 the earth. Four hundred years ago, the number was 4 500 million. But at the beginning of the 5 century, the worlds population was about 1, 700 million. In 1970, the

23、number was 3, 600 million. In 1990, the number was five billion. A 6 report said that the worlds population 7 six billion by the end of the 20th century. This is just ten 8 after it 9 five billion. The UN estimated(估计)the worlds population will grow by more than 10 by the year 2050.1. A. great B. gr

24、eater C. greatest D. greating2. A. faster and faster B. fast and fastC. fastest and fastest D. faster and fast3. A. in B. on C. at D. for4. A. little B. more C. almost D. over5. A. twenty B. twelveC. twentieth D. twelfth6. A. USA B. UN C. PRC D. PLA7. A. past B. had passedC. passed D. passes8. A. we

25、eks B. monthsC. seasons D. years9. A. get B. gets C. reached D. reach10. A. a three B. one thirdsC. one of three D. a third答案：CABDC BBDCD _一短文填空enough, health, live in, stand room, thousand,slow, grow, ever before, earth, populationTen thousand years ago, the worlds 1 was very small. For several 2 y

26、ears it grew quite 3 . But during the last three or four hundred years it 4 very quickly. Today, it is still growing faster than 5 . In 600 years, there will be only 6 on the earth. Each person will have one half to one square metre of space 7 . This means we must grow more food, and have smaller fa

27、milies with fewer, but 8 children. If we dont do these things, the results will be bad. There will not be 9 space even to stand in on the 10 .1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _6. _7. _8. _9. _10. _ 答案： 1. population2. thousand3. slowly4. grew5. ever before6. standing room7. to live in8. healthier9. enough10. earth二完型填空. Today more and more people live in cities . So there is usually little room in a city to grow food . 1 of the land in a city is used 2 ho