英语四级考试答案详解.docx

1、英语四级考试答案详解2009年12月英语四级考试答案详解Part Writing审题谋篇本次四级作文主题为“绿色校园”，这是一个看似简单普通的话题，写起来却不是那么容易。因为很多考生对于“绿色校园”所表达的内涵感觉比较生僻。假如对“绿色校园”这一主题感到难以把握，考生可以从作文提纲入手进行分析以获取对“绿色校园”这一概念的相关信息。根据作文提示2，可以看出此处的“绿色校园”指的决不仅仅是青青的草地和高大的树木构成的校园绿色风景，也不仅仅指对校园环境的珍视和爱护，而是指一种环境保护的文化氛围和师生具有的环境素养，以及由此带来的和谐的人文环境和社会绩效。在深入理解概念的基础上，考生还应对 “绿色校

2、园”的重要性进行剖析，这时，考生可以从多个角度组织素材，比如从校园的环境问题出发，进而扩展到师生的环境意识对“绿色校园”所产生的长远意义以及为未来环境改善所做的贡献。最后是阐述建设“绿色校园”所要采取的措施。需要注意的就是作文给分的重点在于考生如何用恰当的语言词汇表达自己的思想观点。而不是写得越多，得分就越高。一般分成三个自然段，大概十句话，基本的分布为首段、末段合起来五句或六句，中间段五句或四句，做到结构清楚，重点突出，就可以了。参考范文Creating a Green CampusRecently, with the idea of making and maintaining “a gr

3、een earth” being the focus of the society, “green campus” has become a more and more popular concept in universities or colleges, which, undoubtedly, will bring us an ever-lasting benefit to both our campus and our society.The concept of “green campus” does not only mean a green environment but also

4、 refers to an environmental sense in peoples mind. Campus plays a crucial role in educating the young generation and the consciousness of “green campus” will definitely produce a profound effect on students various environmental protection activities after their graduation. Whats more, the young gen

5、eration is under the burden of severe environmental pollution and there are many problems waiting for them to solve.To make “green campus” come true, firstly, it is necessary to work out effective principles for the development of sustainable and recyclable campus. Secondly, it calls for peoples awa

6、reness of the serious pollution around us and actual action to reduce the waste. Last but not least, it is necessary to strengthen the ties between campus and society, so as to ensure that “green campus” can work smoothly with the co-effort of the whole society.建设绿色校园近来，随着建设并保持“绿色地球”的观念成为社会关注的焦点，“绿色

7、校园”也成为校园里流行的话题。这无疑会给我们的校园和社会带来长远的利益。“绿色校园”不仅仅指绿色的环境，还包括人们头脑中的环境意识。学校在培养年轻一代上起着关键作用，“绿色校园”的意识必定会对学生毕业后的环境保护意识产生长远影响。更为重要的是，年轻一代面临着严重的环境污染，有太多问题等待他们去解决。为使“绿色校园”成为现实，首先应该制定出可持续发展、可长远发展的有效政策。其次，还需要人们对环境污染的严肃性有正确认识并采取实际行动切实减少污染。最后但同样重要的是，有必要加强学校和社会的联系以便在全社会共同努力下使“绿色校园”顺利实施。范文点评范文以“绿色校园”开篇，保证了文章切题。第一段开门见山

8、，强调当今环保理念下构建“绿色校园”的长远意义。第二段，着重讨论“绿色校园”的含义，指出“绿色校园”不仅指校园中的绿化，还指生活在校园中的人们的绿色和环保意识，把校园这个小环境和社会这个大环境结合起来，说理更加深刻。第三段是谈及具体的做法，分一、二、三点进行论述，无疑是使“绿色校园”的理念落在实处。结构完整，首尾呼应，用词准确。关系词的正确使用让句与句之间、段与段之间衔接紧凑，思想表达成熟有深度。【生动的用词】 maintain保持;concept概念;profound长远的;sustainable可持续的;recyclable可循环的。【丰富的短语】bring benefit to带来利益;

9、play a crucial role in发挥关键作用;under the burden of在重负下;come true实现;call for要求。【多变的句式】范文中长句、短句、简单句、复杂句交叉使用。不同句型之间的转换，能让阅卷老师更好地了解考生对句子结构的掌握运用，从而获得高分。避错指导本次作文在题材上，虽然仍然延续了我们所熟悉校园类话题，但与社会背景有很大关系。刚刚闭幕的哥本哈根世界气候大会使环保减排这个主题成为焦点，在全世界都提倡可持续发展、和谐发展这一背景下的“绿色校园”，同时也是一个社会热点话题，这是我们审题时所必须考虑的。另外开篇时，切忌拖泥带水，应直截了当，使阅卷老师对文

10、章主题一目了然。除正确审题之外，考生还应注意语言的准确运用，不落俗套。不同句型之间转换时，考生应对句子结构全面掌握，避免句式错误造成扣分。最后，应尽量避免单词拼写错误。本次作文常见的卷面拼写错误如下表：正确拼写 词性及词义 错误的拼写focus n. 焦点 focuseeffect n. 影响 effection /affectenvironment n. 环境 envirment/invironmentburden n. 负担 burdonsolve v. 解决 sloveserious a. 严肃的 seroustrue a. 真的 turesociety n. 社会 soceitythe

11、ory n. 理论 thery总之，考生在构思和写作过程中要尽可能做到思路完整，恰如其分地选择词汇。毕竟，无错表达才是四级语言表达合格的核心。能力拓展【同义词转换】作文表达除了准确，还要做到句式多变，词汇灵活多样。1. realize be aware of 意识到Wed better be aware of the seriousness of pollution around us. 我们最好意识到周围污染的严峻性。2. keep preserve 保持It is necessary to educate the students to be conscious of the import

12、ance to preserve the environment. 有必要教育学生意识到保护环境的重要性。3. lead conduct 引导This will help conduct the activities of the college students. 这有助于引导大学生的行为。【话题备考锦囊】6. The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment. “绿色校园”绝不仅仅是一个绿色环境。7. The construction of “a green campus” will greatly stimulate s

13、tudents to take part in various environmental protection activities. 建设“绿色校园”将会极大激励学生参与环境保护。8. To bring “a green campus” to its full play, effective measures should be taken. 为全面实施“绿色校园”，必须采取有效措施。9. Campus construction is of vital importance not only to the physical development of students but to th

14、eir mental health as well. 校园建设不仅对学生的身体发展很重要，而且对他们的心理健康也很重要。10. There is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campus. 毫无疑问，对于绿色校园应该给与更多的思考。【话题词汇拓展】devastation n. 毁坏disastrous a. 损失惨重的doom v. 厄运，毁灭 existence n. 存在，生活healthful a. 健康的 messy a. 肮脏的，凌乱的participation n. 分享，参与

15、preserve v. 保存，保护preventive a. 预防性的 purify v. 澄清，净化stimulation n. 激励，鼓舞 arouse consciousness 唤起意识命题风向标本次作文难度适中，与之前考试中出现的“限塑”主题有千丝万缕的联系。考生要想在本次作文中获取高分，除了审题恰当独到，还要有扎实的语言基础。如本文主题“绿色校园”可以采用多种表达：green campus和environmental-friendly campus;“绿色校园的构建”可以使用create，build up，establish和construct等，以体现考生对词汇多样性的积累。从关

16、注白色污染到关注博物馆免费开放，再到绿色校园构建，四级作文命题重点在侧重校园类话题的同时开始向与大学生生活有关的话题转移。由此也凸显了对历年真题分析的重要意义。更多地立足真题，总结规律，切实提高自己语言能力，始终是四级作文备考的根本。 Part Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)篇章结构核心词汇1. aid n. 帮助，援助 助手v. 帮助，援助【用】financial aid经济援助;merit aid/ Merit-based奖学金;need-based aid助学金或经济资助;foreign aid外援，对外援助;hearing a

17、id助听器;aids and appliances用具，设备【搭】in aid to用来帮助，起作用;lead ones aid (to)援助，给予帮助;in aid of作为援助之用【拓】aidance n. 协助，帮助;aidant a. 帮助的;aided a. 辅助的2. project v. 设计 发射n. 事业，计划，工程【用】Project Hope希望工程;project manager项目经理;project plan项目规划;project budget项目预算，工程预算【拓】projection n. 突出，发射;projecting a. 突出的3. selective

18、 a. 选择性的4. 【用】selective analysis重点分析;selective breeding选择育种，选择性繁殖 【拓】select v. 挑选，选拔a. 精选的;selection n. 选择，挑选，选集5. package n. 包裹;套装软件，程序包a. 一揽子的【用】package design包装设计;package agreement一揽子安排，一揽子方案;package holiday(旅行社安排一切的)一揽子旅游;package tour包办旅行(路线、地点、时间和费用等均作统一规定和安排的旅游);package program组装程序【拓】pack n.包装

19、，背包v. 包装，压紧;packaged a. 袋装的;packager n. 打包机6. ranking a. 头等的;n. 等级，地位【用】ranking list排名;ranking method等级法，排序法【拓】rank n. 等级;队列;v. 排列，列队7. grant v. 授予 承认;n. 授予物 拨款【用】grant of a patent授予专利权【搭】takefor granted认为是理所当然; Granted/Granting that即使(也)【拓】grants n. 补助金，津贴(grant的复数)8. enrol v. 登记，入学，参军，注册【搭】enrol i

20、n选课，参加【拓】enrollment n. 登记，入伍;enrollee n. 入学者，入伍者9. eliminate v. 消除，排除【用】eliminate illiteracy扫盲;eliminate poverty消除贫困;eliminate noise 消除噪声【拓】eliminate 是指把已进入者从中排除;exclude v. 指把想进入者拒之门外10. qualify v. 使具有资格，证明合格【用】qualifying examination资格考试，初试;qualifying competition预选赛，资格赛 【搭】qualify as 取得资格，作为合适;quali

21、fy for有的资格，合格【拓】qualified a. 有资格的，合格的11. excel v. 胜过，优于，擅长n. 计算机 软件名称【搭】to excel in/at (在某方面)胜过(或超过)别人;to excel in music 擅长音乐【拓】 excellent a. 极好的，卓越的;excellence n. 优秀，长处12. submit v. 使服从，提交【用】submit oneself to discipline遵守纪律;submit registration提交登记表，提交注册【搭】submit to 服从;submitto 将呈交给【拓】 submission n.

22、 服从，投降试题详解1. 【原题译文】随着越来越多的低收入学生追求高等教育，一些学院_。B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是more and more，low-income students和pursuing higher education。由此即可定位到原文第二段，全文的主旨段。【篇章分析】原文第二段指出：“But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-exami

23、ning whether that aid, typically known as merit aid, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.”原文中with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population和题干中with more and more low-income students pursuing higher education意思一致;原文中re-examin

24、ing和B选项中revise意思相同。所以答案为B。2. 【原题译文】位于米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前做了什么?D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是大学名称Allegheny College in Meadville和do，由此定位到原文第三段。【篇章分析】原文第三段指出：“George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and r

25、educe the number of recipients (接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.”题目中的D项It cut its merit-based aid help the needy students与原文cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-th

26、ird and reduce the number of recipients, pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid意思相同，所以答案为D。3. 【原题译文】有排名意识的大学提供奖学金的主要目的是_。C【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是rankings-conscious和purpose，由此可定位到原文第七段。【篇章分析】原文第七段指出：“But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool

27、 to recruit top students and to improve their academic profiles.”原文中的recruit表示“招收”，和答案C中的attract意思相似，所以答案为C。4. 【原题译文】汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡英泽相信_。D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hanilton，由此可定位到原文第十段。【篇章分析】原文第十段指出：“to be discounting the price for families that dont ne

28、ed financial aid doesnt feel right any more.”原文与D项its not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition意思相同，所以答案为D。5. 【原题译文】近年来，奖学金的增长比助学金快得多，是因为_。B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是merit-based aid和increased，由此即可定位到原文第十二段第二句。【篇章分析】原文第十二段第二句指出：“typically in a bid to enroll top students in the states public inst

29、itutions.” in a bid to 可以理解为“为了，力求”。enroll top students in the states public institutions符合原题意思，所以答案为B6. 【原题译文】依大卫莱尔德来看，许多私立学院对奖学金的态度是什么?A【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是David Laird，attitude，private colleges和merit aid，由此即可定位到原文第十四段。【篇章分析】原文第十四段指出：“David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says

30、 many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid”。原文和答案A项They would like to see it reduced意思一致，所以答案为A。7. 【原题译文】为什么阿勒格尼学院不打算完全取消奖学金?C【快速解题】本题的题干是Allegheny College和drop merit aid。由此即可定位到原文第十六段。【篇章分析】原文第十六段指出：“A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income fam

31、ilies, who dont qualify for need-based aid, that many have to depend on it.”。原文中depend on和答案C选项中的rely on意思相同，所以答案为C。8. qualified【原题译文】每年是否可以继续享受学术奖学金取决于奖学金得主是否继续_。【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是annual renewal，academic，merit scholarships和recipient，由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分。【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid部分第四句指出：“These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify”。 这些