届高考英语基础词汇解读必修1module5alessoninalab.docx

1、届高考英语基础词汇解读必修1module5alessoninalabModule 5 Explanations for new words and phrases1. expand vi. become or make larger or more extensive 扩大/扩充/扩展/膨胀；伸展/开,张/展开 e.g. expand his chest 扩胸 expand trade/export 扩大贸易/出口Their business expanded into other hotels and properties. 业务扩展到了其他旅馆和房地产。The ranks of the t

2、eachers are constantly expanding. 教师队伍日益扩大了。He does exercises to expand his chest. 他做体操扩胸 Metals expand by heat. 金属受热而膨胀。 expand with heat热胀 Many flowers expand in the sunshine. 花儿在阳光下绽放。2. contract vi. decrease in size, number, or range 收缩/缩小/缩短/缩紧；和订合同;When you heat a metal, does it contract or ex

3、pand? 当你给金属加热时,它会收缩还是膨胀？Metal contracts as it becomes cool. 金属冷却时体积缩小。 contract with cold冷缩Generally speaking, a body will expand when heated and contract when cooled物体热涨冷缩We contracted with a shoe factory for 4000 pairs of shoes. 和鞋厂签订了份4000双鞋的合同。He made a two-year contract of employment with the f

4、irm. 他和公司签订了两年的雇用合同。 vt./vi. catch or develop (a disease or infectious agent) 染上；感染；得（病）Three people contracted a killer virus. 三个人感染了一种致命的病毒。Bad habits are easy to contract. 坏习惯很容易养成。n. 契约/合同 conditional contract附条件的合同 contract law合同法 purchase contract购货合同make a contract with 与签合同 sign a contract签署

5、合同 carry out a contract 履行合同cancel a contract取消合同 break a contract违反合同 by/on contract按照合同；依约You should read the carefully before you sign it.A. contrast B. contact C. contract D. conflict考查名词词形、词义辨析。 contract合同；contrast对照，对比；contact联系，接触；conflict冲突。3. substance n. 物质/材料；主旨/宗旨/要旨；实质/本质What is this su

6、bstance? 这是什么物质？ Salt is a useful substance. 盐是一种有用的物质。Soil is made up of / consists of various chemical substances. 土壤由各种化学物质组成。 The substance of their talk is condensed into a paragraph. 他们谈话的主旨被压缩成一段话。There is no substance in the speech. 演说没有实质内容。There isnt anything of real substance in her book.

7、 她的书中没有任何真正实质性的内容。词组：in substance 基本上，大体上Basic rights are equal in substance to human rights. 基本权利大体上等同于人权。4. mixture n. 混合物，混合（状态），混杂的事物（人群）She is mixing the mixture of flour and water. 她正在搅和面粉与水的混合物。mix vt./vi. 混合, 搅和；(使)结交, (使)交往You can mix blue and yellow paint to make green one. 你可以把蓝色和黄色油漆混合成绿

8、色。Oil and water dont mix. =Oil does not mix with water.油和水不能混合。 mix colors 调配颜色She doesnt mix well. 她不善与人相处。短语：mix something up 弄乱/混淆 Dont mix the two up. 别把二者混为一谈。mix in 或 be/get mixed up in 卷入；参与/与有牵连 The old man decided not to mix in politics. 那位老人决定不参与政治。 get sth./sb. mixed up with sth./sb. 把和搞混

9、淆Id got her mixed up with her sister. 我把她和她的妹妹混淆了。5. stage n. a point, period, or step in a process or development 阶段；时期；步骤；舞台stage of civilization 文明时代 stage scenery舞台布景He was suffering from cancer which had already reached an advanced stage. 癌症已到晚期。There are only two characters on stage. 舞台上面只有两个演

10、员。She has always wanted to be/go on the stage. 我一直想当一名演员。China is playing a positive role on the international stage. 中国正在国际舞台上起着积极的作用。6. conclusion n. 结论/推论/推断/断定；总结/结束/结局；协定/协议 conclusion “结束/结尾”常用单数；作“结论”讲时为可数名词；作“协议，缔结”讲时为不可数名词。logical conclusion符合逻辑的论断 in conclusion最后；总之，总而言之；综上所述come to/arrive

11、 at/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论 bring.to a conclusion 使结束The conclusion is incorrect. 这个结论是错误的。What conclusion do/can you draw from the evidence? 你从证据中得到了什么结论？They drew different conclusions from the facts. 他们根据这些事实得出了不同的结论。You did not base your conclusion on fact. 你没有将你的结论建立在事实的基础之上。In conclusion,

12、 I wish all of you good health and a long life. 最后，我祝大家健康长寿。conclude v. 得出结论；断定；结束 conclude with 以结束，与商谈。 conclude sth. from sth. 从中得出结论 conclude sth.(with) sb. 与某人达成(协定)From what you say I conclude that you are right. 根据你的话我断定你是对的。 The play concluded with the death of the entire cast. 该剧以全体剧中人物之死为结

13、局。 David from the analysis of the traffic accident that it had been caused by human error.A. announced B. acknowledged C. concluded D. considered David从交通事故分析中推断出这次交通事故是人为错误导致的。7. aim n. a purpose or intention; a desired outcome 目标/目的/意愿；所期望的结果He has a high aim in life. 他目标很高。 a sure/clear aim坚定的/明确

14、的目标What is your aim in life? 你的人生目的是什么? v. have the intention of achieving 意在/旨在/以为目标目的 ；(以)瞄准; 针对The programme will aim at deepening understanding. 该计划旨在加深了解。You aim too low. 你志向太低。 I aim to buy a new computer. 我打算去买电脑。Work hard and aim high! 奋发图强！Aim at one bird, dont fire into the brown. 瞄准一只打，不准

15、向成群的鸟开枪。短语： take aim(at) 瞄准，对准 He took aim, then fired. 他瞄准了，然后开枪。8. react vi. （起化学）反应; 起作用/有影响；反/回应；反对/抗 He was slow to react. 他反应迟钝。 be slow to react 反应慢She didnt look up or react in any way. 她既不抬头, 也没有任何反应。How would she react? 她将怎样看待这一决定呢？1) 作出反应，回应(与to连用); 2) 反对，反抗，反动(与against连用);3) (指物质)起化学反应(与

16、with连用); 4) 对某事物有影响/起作用(与介词on连用)。react on对起作用/有影响,对起化学反应 react to对的反应 react with与起化学反应Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person. 恶有恶报。Applause can react greatly on/upon a speaker. 听众的掌声对演讲人有很大影响。How do acids react on metals? 酸对金属会起什么样的化学反应？How did he react to your suggestion/idea? 他如何对待你的建议？Acids

17、 react with bases to form salts. 酸与碱反应形成盐。Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. 铁和水及空气发生反应生成锈。Most people reacted against the passing of the law. 多数人反对通过这项法律。The football player reacted the judges decision by withdrawing from the match.A. on B. to C. against D. by 表示“人对作出反应”用to。reaction n.

18、 反应/回应； (物理/化学) 反应 nuclear reaction核反应 Will there be any reaction?会有什么反应吗? Their reaction to the joke is to laugh. 反应只是笑。9. electricity n. 电(流) Is the electricity on? 电通了吗？This machine goes by electricity. 这台机器靠电力运转。 electrical adj. (用)电的; 电动的；与电有关的, 电学的 He is an electrical engineer 电气工程师electrical

19、work 与电有关的工作 electrical experiments 电气实验 electrical equipment 电气器械 anelectrical fault 电气故障electric adj. 电的；导电的；能发电的 electric railway电气化铁路 electric power电力工业Where is the electric switch? 电灯开关在哪里?区别：* electric 表示“电力的，以电为动力的”。 主要表示由电操纵的、发电的或用于导电的等。an electric fan电扇 an electric bell电铃 an electric lamp电灯

20、 an electric stove电炉 an electric iron电熨斗 an electric plug电插头 an electric motor电动机 anelectric generator 发电机 electric cooker电饭煲* electrical表示“与电有关的”，“电气科学的”。 主要表示与电有关的或研究电气科学的等。The boy is playing an electric train. 那个孩子正在玩电动火车。 Now every room has an electric light. 现在每间屋子都有电灯。 Our classroom are now eq

21、uipped with electric fans. 我们教室现在装上了电扇。 My brother studies electrical engineering. 我兄弟学习电机工程学。10. equipment n. 设备；器具；用具；配备；装备 office/communications equipment办公/通信设备Can I rent the equipment? 我可以租用装备吗?We have a hospital with advanced equipment. 我们有一所设备先进的医院。 (工作必需的)知识, 技能。 He has the equipment for the

22、 job. 他具备这项工作的知识和技能。11. partial adj. 部分的,局部的，不完全的 = not total or incomplete 我们只知该试题部分答案。 The victory is only partial. 胜利只是局部的。 We have only partial answers to the test problems. The play was a partial success. 剧不太成功。I can give you partial support. 部分的支持12. rust n. 铁锈；（比喻因疏忽或不用而致的）衰退状态，退化；迟钝；荒废，荒疏be

23、in rust 生着铁锈 Iron gathers rust easily. 铁易生锈。 Idleness is the rust of mind. 人不勤变笨，刀不磨变钝。vt./vi. (使)生锈 Exposed iron will rust. 露在外面的铁会生锈的。My bike has rusted and needs oil. 自行车生锈了, 需要上油。The rain will rust the iron roof. 雨水会使铁皮屋顶生锈.13. boil vt./vi. (使)沸腾; 烧开；用开水煮, 在沸水中煮 boil in water用水煮Boil some water f

24、or me. 给我烧点开水。 Bring the milk to boil. 把牛奶煮沸。The kettle is boiling. 水壶里的水开了。 The water all boiled dry. 水全部煮干了。Mother is boiling rice. 母亲正在煮饭。 He boiled her an egg. 给她煮了一个鸡蛋。14. ordinary adj. 普通的/平庸的；寻/平常的；平淡的with no special or distinctive features; normalordinary people等闲之辈 ordinary man匹夫 ordinary p

25、ost/work平凡的岗位/工作She seemed very ordinary. 她看上去十分寻常。It was just an ordinary evening. 这只是一个平常的夜晚。That is only an ordinary incident. 这只不过是日常小事。An ordinary cold can lead to a fever. 普通感冒可以引起发烧。15. float vt. & vi. 漂浮；(使)漂浮；(使)在（液体/空气）中浮动，飘动Float a ship; float a navy. 使轮船下水；使舰艇下水 Oil will float on water.

26、油总是浮在水面上They carry logs by floating them down the river. She relaxed, floating gently in the water. 她全身放松，轻轻漂浮在水中。When youre tired of swimming, just float for a while. 你游累了就漂浮一会儿。The boy was floating his boat. 那男孩让他的小船在水上漂着。Clouds floated across a brilliant blue sky. 云朵在灿烂的蓝天上飘动。16. form n. 形状/轮廓；结构

27、/构造；（人/物）形体/体型/身材；（文学/音乐作品）形式/体裁；表格 Ice, snow and steam are different forms of water. 冰、雪、蒸汽是水的不同形式。In the early morning we could just make out the dark forms of the mountains. 在晨曦中我们只能看见群山的黛色轮廓。His eyes scanned her slender form.他双眼扫了一下她苗条的身材。 an application form.申请表vt. & vi. 形成/构成/产生；塑造/养成Steam for

28、ms when water boils. 水煮沸之后就形成蒸汽。The idea formed in her mind. 这个想法在她头脑中形成了。Children should form good habits from the very beginning. 小孩从小就应养成良好的习惯。17. dissolve vt./vi. (使)溶解；融化；分解；分离；解除（婚约等） dissolve in溶解、溶化 dissolve in water用水化开 dissolve salt in water把盐溶解在水里 The sun dissolves snow. 太阳使雪融化。 Sugar dis

29、solves easily in water. 糖在水中易溶解。They dissolved their marriage. 他们结束了他们的婚姻。18. lecture n. 演讲/讲课 attend/have a lecture 听讲座 give a lecture 作讲座The lecture is wonderful. 这个讲座棒极了。 I noted down the lecture. 我记下演讲内容. I take it as a pleasure to attend your lecture. 我很愿意听你讲课。= enjoy your lecture.I am going to

30、 lecture to my students today. 今天我要给学生们讲课. He was asked to lecture in America. 他被邀请到美国讲学。v. 作演讲；(给)讲课 lecture on sth 作关于的演讲He gave a lecture on history. 发表一篇关于历史的演讲。19. astonish vt. 使惊讶，使大为吃惊。The news astonished everybody. 这消息使人人感到惊讶。His words astonished all. 使大家惊讶。 短语： be astonished by/at 对感到惊讶 be

31、astonished to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶 I was astonished by/at the great progress that he had made. 我对他取得的进步感到很惊讶I was astonished at this unexpected statement. 我对这种未预料到的供词感到吃惊。We were astonished to hear what had happened. 我们听到所发生的事感到惊讶。I was astonished to see him here. 看到他在这里我感到很吃惊astonished adj. 惊讶的，吃惊的，惊愕的，感到惊讶的。人作主语。 = surprised , amazed I was astonished. 我很惊讶。 She stared at me, astonished.她两眼望着我，十分惊异。astonishing adj. 使人惊讶的，令人惊讶的。 物作主语。 The new houses have been built with astonishing speed. 这些房子的修建速度快得惊人。astonishment n. 惊讶，惊奇，惊愕，令人惊讶的事物或人。To our astonishment, t