英语四级CET4真题.docx

1、英语四级CET4真题大学英语四级考试模拟题1Part Writing （30 minutes）Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic: ONE OFF CHOPSTICKS. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese：1. 你和你的朋友在餐厅就餐，你的朋友对餐厅提供的非一次性筷子不满。2. 餐厅的负责人解释说，这是为了节约资源， 并保证这

2、些餐具已经严格消毒；3. 你对此事的看法和所采取的做法。 One-off Chopsticks注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Part Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）（15 minutes）Directions： In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the

3、 four choices marked A,B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.考试就注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。 Plastic Bag PollutionThe use of plastic bags has increased at an alarming rate since they became popular in the 1980s. Big black bin liners, plast

4、ic carrier bags carrying advertising logos, clear sandwich bags and a variety of other forms. Theyre lightweight, handy and easily discarded. Too easily discarded. Just take a look around you. Plastic bags can be seen hanging from the branches, flying in the air, settled amongst bushes, and floating

5、 on rivers. They block up drains causing water and sewage to overflow and become the breeding grounds of bacteria that cause diseases.Plastic bags are difficult and costly to recycle and most end up on landfill sites where they take around 300 years to decay. They break down into tiny toxic particle

6、s that pollute the soil and waterways and enter the food chain when animals accidentally consume them. But the problems surrounding waste plastic bags start long before they decay. Our planet is becoming increasingly endangered by our over-use of plastic bags.Production of Plastic BagsPlastic bags a

7、re made from ethylene (乙烯)，a gas that is produced as a by-product of oil, gas and coal production. Ethylene is made into polymers (聚合体)chains of ethylene molecules called polyethylene. This substance, also known as polythene, is used to produce a range of items, including plastic bags. You have prob

8、ably noticed two types of plastic shopping bagsthe lighter, filmy bags you get from supermarkets and food outlets, and the heavier bags from other retail outlets, like clothing stores. The supermarket bags are made from high density polyethylene (HDPE), while the thicker bags are made from low densi

9、ty polyethylene (LDPE). Unlike HDPE, LDPE can not be recycled. While plastic bags may not be the most high tech application of plastics technology, it is certainly one of the most prevalent. According to Clean Up Australia, Australians use in excess of 6 billion plastic bags per year. If tied togeth

10、er these bags would form a chain that is long enough to go around the world 37 times. More than half of these bags (3.6 billion) are made from HDPE.Dangers to Sea LifePlastic bags are now amongst the top 12 items of waste most often found along the coastlines. Animals and sea creatures are hurt and

11、killed every day by discarded plastic bagsa dead turtle with a plastic bag hanging from its mouth isnt a pleasant sight but mistaking plastic bags for food is commonplace amongst marine animals. Plastic blocks their intestines (肠道) and leads to slow starvation. Others become entangled in plastic bag

12、s and drown.Because plastic bags take hundreds of years to break down, every year our seas become “home” to more and more bags that find their way there through our sewers and waterways. Every bag thats washed down a drain during rainfall ends up in the sea; every bag thats flushed down a toilet end

13、s up in the sea; every bag thats blown into a river will most likely end up in the sea. One disquieting fact stemming from this is that plastic bags can become serial killers. Once an animal diet of plastic bags, it decays at a much faster rate than the bag. Once the animal has decomposed, the bag i

14、s released back into the environment more or less intact, ready to be eaten by another misguided organism. The incredibly slow rate of decay of plastic bags also means that each bag we use compounds the problem, because the bags simply accumulate.Pollution Taxes & BansDifferent countries have adopte

15、d a range of approaches to discourage the use of plastic bags in an attempt to cut down on the number of bags finding their way into the environment. In South Africa for instance, where an estimated eight billion plastic bags are used annually, the government has implemented new regulations that wil

16、l see only thicker, more durable plastic bags produced. As well as making them more suitable for reuse, it is hoped that the extra cost associated with their production and supply will prevent retailers giving the higher quality bags away, making their use a more expensive option for consumers.The u

17、se of plastic bags is being discouraged in other places such as Singapore and Tainwan, while the tax imposed on the use of plastic shopping bags in Ireland has resulted in the use of plastic shopping bags being reduced by 90% in just six months. Prior to the 15 euro cent per bag tax, it was estimate

18、d that 1.2 million plastic shopping bags were being handed out in Ireland per year. The money raised from the tax will be used to fund environmental initiatives.While anything that lowers our consumption is good, why wait until were hit financially before we change our habits when changes arent diff

19、icult to make?How about taking previously used bags with you next time you go to the shops? Or even betterturn back time and do as grandma did and take a bamboo basket with you every time you go shopping. Shop-owners would rather you use their bags as theyre a convenient and cheap form of advertisin

20、g, but whats more important, shareholder profits or the environment?Plastic bags can be re-cycled although only about one in every 200 ever finds its way to a recycling unit. Find out if theres a re-cycling bin near you and , if not, ask your local authority for one.Greenhouse GasesSome countries ha

21、ve introduced so called “environmentally friendly plastic bags” that are biodegradable (可生物降解). These bags take about three years to break down into practically nothing and while that sounds like an attractive solution, the truth is that the process of breaking down these petrol-based bags causes ca

22、rbon to become methane (甲烷) which is a greenhouse gas. Its also possible to get “plastic” bags manufactured from corn. These break down very quickly and give off no more methane than another corn product on landfill sites. Unfortunately, theyre more expensive to produce and few shops use them.Garbag

23、e BinsOne question thats often raised in connection with the plastic bag dilemma is what should be used to line bins if not plastic bags?To answer that, lets go back in time to when plastic bags were yet to become commonplace. What did we do?For one, we had far less garbage. Goods had much less pack

24、aging than is the case today so we didnt fill our bins as quickly. Peelings , eggshells, tea bags and coffee grounds were all used as compost (肥料) for crops, as was any paper that wasnt needed for lighting fires. What was left went into an unlined bin with anything dirty or wet being wrapped in news

25、paper first.If we choose carefully when shopping so as not to bring home more packaging than necessarytheres really no point in bring it home just to throw it straight in the bin when we unpack, the amount of waste that goes into the kitchen bin will be halved , at least.Individual EffortBy refusing

26、 to use plastic bags, you can make a huge difference to the pollution problem. Remember that each person uses about 83 bags a year. If there are four people in your family, thats 332 plastic bags less every year. Thats 332 bags less that will:release toxins into the ground water from landfill sitess

27、tay in the environment for hundreds of yearsget into the food chain through animalswaste energy during the manufacturing processkill any of the estimated 100,000 marine animals that die each year of plastic pollutionThese are all-important factors that have a profound affect on our environment and t

28、he creatures we share our planet with. Should we really put our own selfish needs before the needs of everything around us now and the lives of future generations? Thats up to you to decide.1. Many thick, clothing-carrying plastic bags, made from _, can hardly be recycled.A. high density polyethylen

29、e B. low density polyethyleneC. oil and coal D. gas and cola2. The annual use of plastic bags in _ exceeds 6 billion. A. Singapore B. Australia C. Ireland D. Taiwan3. Plastic bags can become a horrible serial killer because of _. A. their toxic particles B. their lightweight C. their incredibly slow

30、 rate of decay D. their overuse by people4. In South Africa, in line with a new government regulation, _ will be banned from production.A. thicker, more durable plastic bags B. plastic bags suitable for reuse C. thinner, short-living plastic bags D. thicker, higher-quality plastic bags5. _ , though

31、friendly to the environment, cost too much in manufacture to widely used. A. The petrol based bags B. The methane-releasing bags C. The carbon-releasing bags D. he corn-based bags6. What is bothering people in connection with plastic bag dilemma? A. The question of what should be used to replace pla

32、stic bags as garbage bin liners. B. The fact that only one in every 200 plastic bags end up being recycled. C. The increasing amount of garbage. D. The high cost involved in producing environmentally friendly bags.7. Its estimated that every year about _ are killed by discarded plastic bags. A. 10,000 animals B. 100,000 sea animals C. 100,000 land animals D. 10,000 wildlife8. The final destination of many carelessly discarded plastic bags is_