1、高考英语浙江选考二轮增分策略讲义专题一 第一部分题型解读第一部分题型解读语法填空这个题型得分的高低完全取决于对语法知识的掌握程度以及对语篇情景的理解。本部分旨在通过对真题的分析,总结语法填空的命题特点,点拨解题技巧,明晰高分策略,剖析失分点,从而帮助考生利用二轮有效的时间高效复习,精准备考,达到一种语法融会贯通的效果。命题特点 1篇幅稳定,题材多样,体裁以记叙文和说明文为主,选材体现了“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”的宗旨。 2加大了国际视野下的文化考查,对中国文化和中国成就选材力度加大。 3命题中规中矩,语法点分布均匀,综合能力强,动词占多数,谓语和非谓语所占比重最大。4难点:长难句较多,容
2、易干扰理解。把脉近三年浙江卷语法填空的考点备注:上表中谓语动词、主谓一致含有情态动词和系动词。通过上表可总结为:1四个必考点谓语动词(动词的时态和语态)、非谓语动词、词形转换以及从句连接词。(1)谓语动词必考一题,一般考查基础时态,如:一般过去时、一般现在时,或者是该时态的被动语态,有时会有两题。(2)非谓语动词考一至两个题,但不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词各自最多只考一题。(3)词形转换:形容词和副词的转换、动词和名词、名词与形容词的转换以及名词复数、反义词的转换等等。(4)连接词从句引导词指的是定语从句的关系代词和关系副词,名词性从句的从属连接词、连接代词和连接副词以及状语从句的连词。
3、但是考查得比较简单,只要搞清从句的基本用法大体都能做对。前三个考点语法填空以给出提示词的形式进行考查。2四个常考点冠词(a/an,the)、介词、代词以及形容词和副词的比较等级。3五个可考点助动词、并列连词、名词的格、特殊句式(倒装、强调和省略)以及语境填词(根据逻辑关系判断答案)。1通读全文,了解大意,把握情节,理清逻辑快速浏览全文,尤其要认真阅读文章首句,把握文章大意和作者的写作意图并确定总体时态。2分析成分,边读边填,看句答题,避难就易(1)据搭配,知答案熟记词语的搭配。根据搭配,可以比较容易地在文章中找出隐藏的提示。此外,一些固定的句式结构也可以帮助考生直接锁定答案。(2)析成分,定词
4、性作表语(系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或补语(表性质状态)时,通常用形容词。修饰形容词或动词,作状语,用副词。提示词是形容词或副词,空前或空后若是有表示比较等级的标志词,则用所给词的比较级或最高级形式。在指示代词、形容词性物主代词或者“冠词(形容词)”后,用名词。作主语,或在及物动词、介词后作宾语,前面有形容词修饰,通常填名词,并注意单复数形式。需要根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系判断的,有可能是词义转换题。词性不一定要变,有可能考查与词根意义相反的派生词,需要在词根前加un-,im-,in-等前缀,或在词根后加-less等后缀。(3)依语法,定答案由特殊的句式结构来判断空白处应填的词。A若结构较
5、完整,并且空白后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,则很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do,does,did等)。B由倒装句式判断,可能填构成倒装条件的only,so,neither,no,never,hardly,seldom,not until,had等。由it is.that/who.强调结构判断,可能填that或who。C由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断空白处是否填it。D由“the比较级.,the比较级.”结构判断是否填比较级。如果句子不缺主语或表语,动词后又不缺宾语,则在名词或代词前面填介词。若空白后为形容词的最高级,则很可能是填定冠词。名词前
6、面若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词),则很可能是填限定词。如果空白处所在的句子是一个主从复合句,可能需要填关联词。3首尾兼顾,上下通气,分析语境,攻克难题该步骤主要解决第二步中遗留的问题,比如根据上下文逻辑填连词、用所给动词的正确形式填空等。4重读全文,仔细核查,语法正确,语意贯通做完题后,将全文仔细审读一遍,在确保文章意义通顺的前提下,检查所填词语的形式是否正确,复查:拼写、书写、大小写。1 (20186月浙江)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese 56. (dish)
7、 is seen as especially troublesome.Many westerners 57. come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58. can be to eat out.I still remember 59. (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I 60. (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that tim
8、e.While regularly eating out seems to 61. (become) common for many young people in recent years,its not without a cost.The obvious one is money;eating out once or twice a week may be 62. (afford) but doing this most days adds up.There could be an even 63. (high) cost on your health.Researchers have
9、found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64. (weigh) problems.If you are not going to suffer this problem,then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home 65. dinner,get a few cooking tips from her.Cooking food can be fun.You mig
10、ht also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,其主题是“人与社会”。做中式菜肴很麻烦,出去吃是一种选择,但出去吃有代价:一是花费增多;二是面临体重增加的问题。作者建议我们要尝试自己做饭,这样做不仅对自身健康有好处还能节约开销。素材的选择旨在让考生锻炼动手能力,形成健康的生活方式,培养考生正确的消费观。56答案dishes解析考查名词复数。中式菜肴有很多种,故此处用dish的复数形式。57答案who/that解析考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是westerner
11、s(西方人),用who或that引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语。58答案it解析考查代词。it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to eat out。59答案visiting解析考查动名词作宾语。remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事”。60答案was shocked解析考查时态和语态。根据后面的learnt可知,此处说的是过去的事,故用一般过去时;而I与shock是被动关系,故用被动语态。61答案have become解析考查时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知,用现在完成时,说明造成的结果或影响。62答案affordable解析考查词形转换。根据
12、前面的be可知,此处是系表结构,应用形容词;根据“eating out once or twice a week”并结合常识可知应是“付得起(affordable)”。63答案higher解析考查形容词的比较级。“副词even比较级”表示“更”,强调程度。64答案weight解析考查词形转换。此处应用名词作定语修饰problems,weight problems意为“体重问题”。65答案for解析考查介词。go to your mums home for dinner去你妈妈家吃饭。for表示目的,意为“为了要,为了得到”。2 (20176月浙江)Last October,while tend
13、ing her garden in Mora,Sweden,Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56. (carrot) and was about to throw them away.But something made her look closer,and she noticed a 57. (shine) object.Yes,there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.Pahlsson screamed 58. loud
14、ly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt 59. (I),” says Pahlsson.Sixteen years 60. (early),Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61. (cook) a meal.When she wanted to put the ring back on later,it was gone.She suspected that one of her three daughtersthen ten,eight,and
15、 sixhad picked it up,but the girls said they hadnt.Pahlsson and her husband 62. (search) the kitchen,checking every corner,but turned up nothing.“I gave up hope of finding my ring again,” she says.She never replaced it.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63. (sweep) into a pile
16、of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,64. it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.For Pahlsson,its return was 65. wonder.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。丢失多年的钻戒竟然在主人打理花园时不经意地出现了。这多么令人激动啊!56答案carrots解析考查名词的复数形式。a handful of一把,几个,后接可数名词的复数形式。a handful of carrots几个胡萝卜。57答案
17、shiny/shining解析考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。空格处修饰名词object,故用形容词。shine的形容词形式为shiny或shining,意为“闪闪发光的”。58答案so解析考查副词。分析句子结构可知,so与后面的that构成句型so.that.,意为“如此以至于”。so修饰副词loudly。59答案myself解析考查反身代词。句意为:她原本以为我伤到了自己。60答案earlier解析考查副词的比较级。sixteen years earlier意为“早在16年前”。61答案to cook解析考查动词不定式。莉娜当时摘掉钻戒的目的是为了做饭,故用动词不定式表目的。62答案sear
18、ched解析考查时态。该句中but后的turned up使用了过去式,search是与之并列的谓语动词,故也应使用过去式。63答案swept解析考查get done结构。get swept被扫掉。64答案where解析考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,空格处所在的句子是定语从句,修饰前面的先行词the garden,且从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导该定语从句。65答案a解析考查冠词。a wonder一个奇迹。考向一有提示词考点一提示词为动词动词在7个提示词中所占的比重最大,一般4个;以考查动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词以及词形转换为主。 .动词的时态和语态若句中没有别的谓语动词,或
19、者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词,就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致,有时还需考虑虚拟语气。(一)四步巧定考点: 名师点津:1考生往往因不能判定是填谓语动词还是非谓语动词而失分。2动词的时态和语态是考查谓语动词时的必考点,考生在答题时如果分析不到位或相关知识欠缺,则容易误填答案。3非谓语动词因其蕴含形式多变、用法繁杂等特征,考生容易出现理解失误而造成失分。 (二)高分五技巧: 1慧眼锁定标志词典例1The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government (sta
20、rt) a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.(2018全国)started考查时态。由2005可知事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时,故谓语动词用start的过去式started。2上下文中找线索典例2While running regularly cant make you live forever,the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling o
21、r swimming.(2018全国)is本文讲述跑步的好处,用的是现在时态,再根据空白处前面的cant make和says可知,此处讲述的是客观事实,因此用is。典例3Pahlsson and her husband (search) the kitchen,checking every corner,but turned up nothing.(20176月浙江)searched该句的主语为“Pahlsson and her husband”,宾语为“the kitchen”,也就是说,提示词在句中作谓语。but后的turned up使用了一般过去时,search是与之并列的谓语动词,所以
22、也应使用一般过去时。句意为:Pahlsson和她丈夫找遍了厨房,查找了每一个角落,但是什么也没找到。3固定句式巧利用,主从一致要留意典例4It was the first time in a year and a half that I (see) the night face to face.had seenThis/It/That was the first/second/third/.time that.表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that从句中要用过去完成时。名师点津:熟记固定句型中的时态1be doing.when.,主句用过去进行时,从句常用一般过去时。2It is (h
23、igh/about) time that sb.did/should do sth.到某人该做某事的时候了。3It is/has been一段时间since.did sth.自从做某事已经一段时间了。4would/had rather sb.did sth.宁愿某人做某事。4巧辨逻辑定语态典例5So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.I (allow) to get up close to
24、 these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.was allowed分析句子结构可知,空格所在句中没有谓语动词,故空处应填谓语动词。前句的谓语动词是was,根据时态一致的原则,后句的时态也应用一般过去时,I与allow之间为动宾关系,即“我被允许接近这些可爱的动物”,应用一般过去时的被动语态。 名师点津:辨清动作执行者,语态不出错无论作谓语动词还是非谓语动词,我们都需要辨清句子的主语或逻辑主语和动词之间的关系。一般来讲,对于句子来说,我们主要看主语或逻辑主语是动作的执行者还是承受者。如果是执行者,我们就应该用主动形式;如果是承受者,则用被动形式。5主语细
25、分辨,一致不再难典例6Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.is分析句子结构可知,该句中的主语为动名词短语“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”,所给动词作谓语。动名词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,且根据句意可知,这是在陈述客观事实,故时态为一般现在时。故填is。不要受things的影响而误填are。名师点津:辨清主语和附加成分,解决主谓一致问题,主语的确认并不难,一般来讲谓语动词前的名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或句子均
26、可以作主语。但是,一定要注意排除附加成分的干扰。.非谓语动词1若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,则要考虑作非谓语动词,此时需要注意三点:一是需要哪一种非谓语动词(一般来说,v.-ing形式表示主动、进行;v.-ed形式表示被动和完成;不定式表示尚未发生的动作);二是提示词和逻辑主语的关系;三是一些和非谓语动词相关的固定结构,比如include doing.;be about to do.;be likely to do.等等。典例7Soon after,I was on my way to the show, (carry) a fancy black handbag and a happ
27、y smile.carrying“I was on my way to the show”是一个完整的句子,也就是说carry在句中作非谓语动词,此外 carry和其逻辑主语“I(也就是句子的主语)”是主动关系,所以用现在分词,作“I was on my way.”的伴随状语,表主动。变式训练Soon after,I was on my way to the show and (carry) a fancy black handbag and a happy smile.carried由空格前的and可知,该空和主语“I”之后的“was”是并列关系,作I的谓语,时态与was保持一致,所以应该用
28、一般过去时。典例8Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs.to create分析句子结构可知,空格所在句已有谓语动词combine,且不与combine作并列谓语,故填非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语,故填to create。2要注意掌握常见句式,记准、用对句中的动词形式典例9When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house
29、 during the hot day;at the same time,they warm up again for the night.to cool考查动词不定式的用法。beadj.enoughto do sth.是固定结构,意为“足够,能够做某事”。结合空格前的cold enough可知后面应使用动词不定式。故填to cool。知识链接:部分常见的常考句型,要特别注意其中的动词形式:1.There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事。2.It is no use doing sth.做某事没用。3.be busy doing sth.忙于做某事4.spend.do
30、ing sth.花费做某事.词形转换典例10Magically,that show remains the Great Jasons best (perform) to this day.(201610月浙江)performance前有名词所有格和形容词修饰,所以用名词形式,和前面的“that show”在数上保持一致,所以用单数形式。典例11 I gave him a quick hug and went back into the seating area,leaving him with a (surprise) smile.I settled down in the darkness,
31、and the curtains opened.(201610月浙江)surprised由语境可知,他不知道我来看他,所以感到很惊讶,所以用surprised描述父亲的感受,surprised smile意为“惊讶的笑容”。考生很容易写成surprising,认为其修饰的词smile为表示物的名词。变式训练While there are (amaze) stories of instant transformation,for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.amazing此处修饰sto
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