初中英语语法汇总.docx

1、初中英语语法汇总初中英语语法汇总系列（一）1. think/ think/about/ think of(1) think 单独使用时表示思考， 接that 宾语从句时意为认为，觉得。 I am thinking how to work out the problem. I think she is a good student. 当宾语从句含有否定概念时，通常形式上否定think ，但意义上却是否定宾语从句。I dont think he can come.I dont think it will be windy.(2)think about 可接一个名词，动词-ing 形式或由疑问词引导

2、的不定式或宾语从句，意思是考虑。 I have thought about it for a long time. Please think about how to tell her the bad news. (3)think of 表示认为， 一般用于疑问句中，与what 连用。 What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like the TV play?2. big/ large/ great上述形容词都表示大，但侧重点及程度不同。 (1) big指具体事物的大小，强调比正常形体的标准大，既可用在普通场合， 也可用在正式场合。它可用来

3、指人的身材高大或长大了，还可表示伟大，重要之意。如： Can you lift up this big stone?On the last day I made a big decision.(2) large特别强调远远超过标准的大，指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。如：A whale is a large animal.A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.(3) great除了表示数量体积之大外，又指抽象的程度，意味着伟大性，重要性， 优越性；常用于抽象或无形的东西；用于有形的东西时，常带有伟大，大得令人吃惊等意思，含有一定的感

4、情色彩。如：China is a great country with a long history. He was one of the greatest scientists.3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay (1) cost表示花钱，花费，付出（只能用于钱、精力、生命等；主语必须是物。） The book cost me five yuan. (2) take的主语是动词不定式, 通常用it做形式主语。It took me five yuan to buy the book. (3) spend，在主动语句中主语是人I spent five yuan on (for)

5、the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book. (4) pay的主语是人。I paid five yuan for the book. 4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low 这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时，要注意使用。expensive与high涉及到价格高，而cheap 与low涉及到价格低。 (1) expensive昂贵的，花钱多的。这个单词若谈到价格高，货贵时，其主语不能是价格，必须是货物、物品本身。如： This watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。 These glass-products a

6、re not expensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。注意：cheap表示价廉，便宜的，其主语也不能是价格，必须是物品本身。如：The cheap table was bought from him. 这张便宜的桌子是他卖给我们的。This cloth doll is very cheap. 这只布娃娃很便宜。(2)high在表示价格时，含义是高，low在表示价格时，含义是低，这两个词不能用于物品本身，只能用在价格上。如：The price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格太高了。The price of this book is not low fo

7、r me. 这本书的价格对我来说是不低。下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照：The price of this computer is expensive.(宜改为：This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.(宜改为：This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )5. alone/ lonel

8、y lonely 与alone的意思比较接近，但在使用时有所区别：(1)lonely用作形容词，意思是孤单的；寂寞的。可指心灵上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地点。在句中既可作表语，也可作定语。(2)alone 可作形容词和副词，意思是单独；独自，不指心理上寂寞的感觉。She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.她被带到一个荒岛上，自己居住，但她从不感到寂寞。6. before long/ long before(1)before long 作“不久以后”讲，切不要按字面译为“长时间以前”或“好久以前”

9、。如：We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我们希望不久（以后）就把实验做完。(2)long before 作很久以前讲。原意为以前很久，故也可译为老早。long before 跟before long 不同，前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句；当上下文明确时，名词或从句还可以省略。Before long 则没有上述搭配用法。 They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before. 我们昨天开始做实验，但我们在那以前很久就已经做准备了。7. as/ when

10、/ while(1)as 是连词，意思是当的时候，一面一面，（强调同时，一般连续时间不长），如：As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in. 正当我们谈论泰坦尼克号这部电影时，教师进来了。The students sing as they go along. 学生们边走边唱。(2)When和as一样都是连词，注意它们的不同。如when当的时候（一般表示动作紧接着发生）；那时（等立连词，前有逗号分开）I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太阳下山，那时天开始下雨了。(3)

11、while是当时候；和同时（强调同时发生，一般连续时间较长）While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当我在看电视的时候，他正在看书。While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。 8. beat/win/ hit (1)beat 是动词，意思是连续地打; 打败; 敲打。beat后可接人或队名。意思是击败对手。如：I can beat you at swimming. (2)win意思是赢得某个项目，后面常接match, game。如：He won a game. 他胜一局。We won a match. 我们比

12、赛得胜。(3)hit意思是击中（有时可表示打一下）。如：The mother hit her child out of anger. 妈妈生气，打了她孩子一下。9. keep doing/keep on doing(1)keep doing侧重表示持续不停地做某事或持续某种状态。如： The girl kept crying all the time. 那个女孩一直在哭。 The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 这个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时。(2)keep on doing 表示总不断做某事，不表示静止状态。不能与sitting, sleeping,

13、lying, standing这类词连用。如：It kept on raining for seven days. Dont keep on asking such silly questions. 10. get/ turn/ become这三个词都可作系动词用，表示状态的变化，后跟表语，但三个词的用法稍有不同。get强调情感、气候和环境的变化；turn强调色彩的变化；而become则强调职务、职称等的变化。如： The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter冬天的白天越来越短。She couldnt answer the questio

14、n and her face turned red她回答不出问题，脸红了。When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么时候当的老师？十年前。11. steal / rob从意思上讲steal表示偷窃的意思。而rob表示抢劫的意思；从搭配上来讲，steal sth from sb/sth ;而rob则用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如：He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.They robbed the bank of one million dollars.12.

15、 see/look/watch/notice在英语中，see，look，watch，notice都有“看”的意思，要注意他们的区别。see意为“看到”，表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体，强调“看到”的结果。look意为“看”，表示有意识地观看，强调“看”的动作。watch意为“观看，注视”，指以较大的注意力观看。notice意为“看到，注意到”，指有意识的注意，含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。例如：What can you see in the picture？在图画中你能看到什么？Look! How happily they are playing！看！他们玩得多高兴啊！Hes watc

16、hed TV for over two hours他看了两个多小时的电视。He noticed a purse lying on the road他注意到地上有个钱包。13. Shoot/ shoot atshoot是及物动词，意思是“射中，射死”，宾语多为人或动物等。而shoot at是一个动词词组，意为“向射击”，至于射中或射死与否不得而知。如：The man shot five birds in the forest那个人在森林里射死（中）了五只鸟。The hunter shot at the bear猎人朝熊射击了。They shot at the shewolf， but didnt

17、 shoot her他们向那只母狼射击，但是没有射中死。14. escape/ run away(1)escape作“逃跑”、“逃脱”或“逃避”讲时，往往会有成功之意。如：The old man escaped death那个老人死里逃生。The thief escaped from prison那个小偷越狱了。 (2)run away作“逃跑”、“跑走”讲时，往往强调动作。如：Dont let him run away 别让他跑了。口语中escape和run away可以互用。15. so that./ so. that.(1) so that.为了，以便 。引导一个目的状语从句，从句中往往

18、有情态动词。也可引导一个结果状语从句。如：I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus.Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say. He didnt study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.(2) so. that.既可引导一个结果状语从句，也可引导一个目的状语从句。如：The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study.I got u

19、p so early in the morning that I could catch the train.【中考范例】1. (2004年济宁市中考试题) He wanted to know _. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start C. what hes going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。因为主句的时态是一般过去时，所以从句应用过去将来时，这就排除了A和

20、B。宾语从句的时态应该是陈述句的语序，所以只有B是对的。2. (2004年烟台市中考试题) -Why didnt you go to the movie yesterday? -Because I _ it before.A. had watched B. have seen C. have watched D. had seen【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是动词的搭配以及现在完成时和过去完成时的用法区别。看电影习惯商用see a movie, 又因为说的昨天以前发生的事情，应该用过去完成时。只有D正确。3. (2004年重庆市中考试题) -Did you win the football g

21、ame? -Bad luck. Our team _ in the final one.A. won B. beat C. was won D. was beaten【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是动词搭配和动词的语态。动词win通常和比赛一类的词连用，不与人或队连用，因此可以排除A和C。beat是个及物动词，既然我们的运气不好，就是输了，应该用被动语态。4. (2004年广州市中考试题) -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A. he B. that

22、 C. whom D. which【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句关系代词的选择。由于先行词是人，可以排除A和D。而该词在定语从句中作主语，只有B合适。 词类。 词类 英语名称 意 义 例 词 名词 The Noun (缩写为n) 表示人或事物的名称 Basket, mouth, hospital, year, train 冠词 The Article (art) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 a, an, the 代词 The Pronoun (pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或数词 They, his, him, mine, which, all 形容词 The Adje

23、ctive (adj) 用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征 Long, empty, heavy, different, cheap, hungry 数词 The Numeral (num) 表示数量或顺序 Three, thirteen, twenty, second 动词 The Verb (v) 表示动作或状态 Hear, write, swim, eat, borrow, sing 副词 The Adverb (adv) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词 Quickly, early, out, soon, then, sometimes 介词 The Preposition (prep) 表

24、示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系 From, with, at, into, behind, between, for 连词 The Conjunction (conj) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句 And, or, but, so, because 感叹词 The Interjection (interj) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感 Oh, hey, ouch, well, there, dear （一） 名词： 专有名词：表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如 China, John, London, the USA, Harbin . 1名词 个体名词：表示单个的人或事物。如 bo

25、at, chair, desk, apple . 可数名词 集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如 family, people, class, police . 普通名词 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质。如 water, air, tea, sea, money, cotton . 抽象名词：表示抽象概念的词。如 health, help, work, friendship . 不可数名词 2名词的数。可数名词有单复数，不可数名词没有单复数。 3名词的格：名词有三个格：主格（作主语）、宾格（作宾语）、和所有格。其中只有名词的所有格有形式变化。 （二）冠词 1定冠词the . 1 特指某（

26、些）人或某（些）事物。The students are very good. 2 说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物。Where is the toilet ? 3 重复提到上文的人或事物。I have a cat , the cat is white and black . 4 表示世界上独一无二的事物。The moon moves around the earth . 5 形容词最高级和序数词前和表示方位的名词前。I am the oldest . He is the first to school . I live in the south . 6 洋乐器的名称前常用定冠词the 。I li

27、ke playing the piano / violin . 7 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表某一类人。We should help the poor . 但play Erhu. 8 放在某些专有名词前。We will go to visit the Great Wall next week . the Peoples Republic of China . 9 放在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇两人。The Whites are watching TV . 10 固定词组中。In the morning / afternoon / evening . 2不定冠词a / an

28、. 1 指人或事物的某一种类。A horse is a useful animal. A table has four legs. 2 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。Pass me a pencil, please. We write with a pen. 3 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。The book was written by a peasant. Last month we were working in a factory. 4 不定冠词还可以指“事物的单位”，如“每日”、“每斤”等。 Here is a letter for you . The meat is 18

29、yuan a kilo. 3零冠词。 1 泛指人类或男女。Man will conquer nature . 2 抽象名词在用来表示它的一般概念时，通常不加冠词。Knowledge begins with practice . 3 有些个体名词有时可以转化成具有抽象意义，其前面也常不加冠词。We had better send him to hospital at once. 4 在专有名词前一般不用冠词。China is a great country. Mr Smith is an artist. 5 在三餐饭、球棋类运动名称之前不用冠词。He often goes out for a w

30、alk after supper. Sometimes I play basketball. 6 在节假日、星期几、月份、季节等名词前。September 10th is Teachers Day. 7 称呼语或表示头衔、职务的名词前不用冠词。Granny is sleeping now. We call him monitor. 8 在语言名词前，名词前有指示代词、物主代词或数词时，不用冠词。This is his book. I can speak English . 9 不用冠词的惯用语。At night / on food / go to town / at home / in class / at work 等。 初中英语语法汇总系列（二）（三）形容词 1形容词的构成。 1 简单形容词由一个单词构成。Good, long, green, large, bright, interesting, surprised, learned, developing, sleeping . 2 复合形容词由一个以上的词构成。20-minute, second-hand, 500-word, 8-year-old, three-legged, round-trip, part-time, good-looking. 2形容词的用法。 1 修饰名词作定语。She i