高考英语二轮复习专题江苏专用任务型阅读.docx

1、高考英语二轮复习专题江苏专用任务型阅读第四部分 任务型阅读任务型阅读阅读量较大，但阅读难度适中，一般原词与推理、归纳词的比例是55。2013年能在文中找到原词的共5题，需要对原文词性、词形变换的共1题，归纳总结得出答案的共4题。2014年推理、归纳题考查比例较大，共6题。能在原文中找到原词和需要对原文词性、词形变换的各2题。2015年有7题可在原文中找到原词或相对应的词形、词性。任务型阅读将会继续在江苏高考试题中占有较大比重，考题形式还是主要以表格形和树状形为主，文章体裁主要以议论文为主，阅读量大，要求考生具有捕捉信息、组织信息和综合概括信息的能力。(一)(2015江苏)People sele

2、ct news in expectation of a reward.This reward may be either of two kinds.One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle，the other to what he calls the Reality Principle.For want of better names，we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.In general，the kind of new

3、s which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption，accidents and disasters，sports，social events，and human interest.Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs，economic matters，social problems，science，education，and health.News of the first kind pays its r

4、ewards at once.A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.He can tremble wildly at an axemurder，shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane，identify himself with the winning team，laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or d

5、ogs.News of the second kind，however，pays its rewards later.It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyanceas，for example，when he reads of the threatening foreign situation，the mounting national debt，rising taxes，falling market，scarce housing，and cancer.It has a kind of “thre

6、at value”It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.When a reader selects delayed reward news，he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.When he selects news of the other kind，he usually withdraws from the world of threateni

7、ng reality toward the dream world.For any individual，of course，the boundaries of these two classes are not stable.For example，a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem，rather than for its immediate reward.A coach may read a sports story for its threat value：he may have to play that te

8、am next week.A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting，not for its delayed reward，but very much as his wife reads an account of a party.In any given story of corruption or disaster，a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience，but

9、 also the delayed reward of information and preparedness.Therefore，while the division of categories holds in general，an individuals tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another，or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.What news stories do you read？Division of n

10、ews storiesPeople expect to get 71._ from reading news.News stories are roughly divided into two classes.Some news will excite their readers instantly while others wont.72._ of the two classesNews of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual 73._

11、.Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and 74._ similar feelings with those involved.News of delayed reward will make readers suffer，or present a 75._ to them.News of delayed reward will induce the reader to 76._ for the reality while news of immediate rewar

12、d will lead the reader to 77._ from the reality.Unstable boundaries of the two classesWhat readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their 78._.Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and 79._ themselves to the reality.Thus，the division，on the whole，

13、80._ on the reader.(二)(2014江苏)The expression，“everybodys doing it，” is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure.It is a strong influence of a group，especially of children，on members of that group to behave as everybody else does.It can be positive or negative.Most people experience it

14、 in some way during their lives.People are social creatures by nature，and so it is hardly surprising that part of their selfrespect comes from the approval of others.This instinct(天性) is why the approval of peers，or the fear of disapproval，is such a powerful force in many peoples lives.It is the sam

15、e instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work，or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you？” even if it is not necessarily true.There is a practical aspect to this：it helps society to function efficiently，and encourages a general level of selfdiscipline that

16、 simplifies daytoday interaction.For certain individuals，seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction；in order to satisfy the desire，they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong.Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs，or join gangs that e

17、ncourage criminal behavior.Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work，or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they cant afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.”However，peer pres

18、sure is not always negative.A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades.Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs，or to help an adult take up a good h

19、abit or drop a bad one.Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure.They teach kids to stand up and be themselves，and encourage them to politely decline to do thin

20、gs that they believe are wrong.Similarly，it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.(三)(2013江苏)Quiet Virtue：The ConscientiousThe everyday signs of conscientiousness(认真尽责)being punctual，careful in doing work，selfdisciplined，and scrupulous(一丝不苟的)

21、in attending to responsibilitiesare typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen，the people who keep things running as they should.They follow the rules，help out，and are concerned about the people they work with.Its the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who re

22、turn after an absence，who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves，who always gets things done on deadline.Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field.In studies of job performance，outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs，from semiskilled labor to sales and management，depends on

23、 conscientiousness.It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization：the secretary whose message taking is perfect，the delivery truck driver who is always on time.Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer，those who were mo

24、st conscientious had the largest volume of sales.Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(缓冲)against the threat of job loss in todays constantly changing market，because employees with this quality are among the most valued.For the sales representatives，their level of conscientiousness mattered almost

25、as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are.Their reputation for dependability influences managers evaluations of their work，giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of th

26、eir performance would predict.But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems.Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves，they can hold other people to their own standards，and so be overly judgmental when others dont show the same high levels of model behavior.

27、Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious，for example，tended to criticize coworkers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized，which damaged their relationships.When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations，

28、it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising，openness to wild ideas and spontaneity(自发性)are scarce and in demand.Success in such occupations calls for a balance，however；without enough conscientiousness to follow through，people become mere dreamers，with nothing to sho

29、w for their imaginativeness.一、任务型阅读的解题步骤1略读。快速浏览全文，理清文章基本结构，了解文章的框架及每段大意。2扫读。扫读图表，分析表格结构和内容，准确定位填空的要求，以便带着问题寻找答案。3细读。深入理解文章内容，分析整合信息，准确表达。归纳概括，转换信息正确表述。4复查。通观全篇，复读检查。二、复习中应注意培养解题能力1培养词形转换能力，如：用所给词语的适当形式填空。(1)The car rushed down the road at astonishing speed.(astonish)(2)The postal service here is ve

30、ry unreliable.(serve)(3)The exam was relatively easy.(relative)常见的词性转换有：说明举例动词转化为名词，这类动词变为名词后，常跟have，make，take等词搭配表示一个动作have a look(talk，wash，swim，rest，dream，laugh，ride，dance，interview，etc.)make a study(guess，visit，call，change，answer，reply，promise，request，etc.)take a seat(drive，look，bath，etc.)表具体实物的

31、名词可转化为动词a drop of water(水)，water the flowers(浇)；a map of Europe(地图)，map the South Pole(绘制地图)；a bicycle chain(链条)，chain a boat to a tree(拴住)表身体部位或某类人的名词可转化为动词The stone hit him on the head.(头)Head straight for the factory.(朝向)The nurse on duty is nursing the patient.(护理)表抽象概念的名词可转化为动词Time is a bird fo

32、r ever on the wing.(时间)Take a deep breath and Ill time you.(计时)有些形容词可作动词用Your watch is five minutes slow.(慢的)Slow down your car in the crowded streets.(放慢)Lets sit in the shade and get cool.(凉爽的)Open the windows to cool the room.(使凉爽)2.培养英语释义与概括能力，如：根据提示用意义相同的词完成各句，每空一词。(1)The boy felt uncomfortable with his new classmates.(not comfortable)(2)If you ignore your diet，trouble will follow.(pay no attent