08动词动词短语冲刺中考英语小题精练解析版.docx

1、08动词动词短语冲刺中考英语小题精练解析版08动词和动词短语-冲刺2020年中考英语小题精练序号内容第一部分语法讲解第二部分一、两年年真题、新题精练二、2018年中考各地真题第一部分:语法讲解动词-ing形式的构成规则：1. 一般在情况下，在动词词尾加-ing。gogoing playplaying knowknowing2. 以不发音的字母e结尾动词，先去e再加-ing。makemaking arrivearriving comecoming3. 以重读闭音节结尾，且动词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。runrunning stopstopping swimswim

2、mingrunrunningputputtingsitsitting beginbeginning planplanning cutcutting getgettingshopshopping chatchatting regretregretting digdigging4. 以-ie结尾，先将-ie改成y，再加-ing。tietying diedying lielying动词的第三人称单数构成规则：1.一般动词词尾加-s likelikes write-writes work-works2.以ch，sh，s，o，x结尾,词尾加-es,teachteaches dodoes washwash

3、es3.以y结尾:辅音字母+y，变y为i，加-es,studystudies carrycarries trytries4.元音字母+y，直接加-s,playplays staystays saysays5.havehas be is动词的过去式和过去分词构成规则： 一般情况直接在词尾加+ ed，如：cook-cooked wash-washed 以不发音的e 结尾的动词，在词尾+ d如：like-liked live-lived 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，双写最后一个字母再在词尾+ed如stop-stopped shop-shopped plan-planned 计划 以辅音字母+y 结尾的动

4、词，要改y 为 i 再加 ed如：study-studied carry- carried 运送，搬运中考动词辨析：(1)“Why not+动词原形+?”(干嘛不?)是简略句,完全形式是：Why dont you+动词原形+?如：Why not go and have a look?(干嘛不去看看？)Why not try it once again?(为什么不再试试？)(2) seem(好像)的用法：记住几个结构sb./sth. + seem + (to be+)形容词+；sb./sth. + seem + like +；sb/sth + seem + to(do)；Itseems that

5、 + 从句。如：He seemed (to be) very happy when he was called by the headmaster.(被校长叫到名字时他好像很开心)It seems that nobody else could do such a foolish thing except Jim.(除了吉姆好像没有什么人会做出如此愚蠢的事情来)(3)be afraid(害怕)的用法：记住几个结构be afraid of sth; be afraid of (doing)be afraid to (do);be afraid that+从句。如：She is a little a

6、fraid of snakes.(她有点怕蛇)Dont be so afraid to stay at home alone at night.(别害怕晚上一个人在家)Im afraid that somebody will take he is place because of his serious mistakes.(恐怕有人要取代他了,因为他犯了那么大的错误)(4) be sorry(抱歉)的用法：记住几个结构be sorry for (sth);be sorry for (doing sth);be sorry to (do);be sorry that+从句。如：I am very

7、 sorry for keeping you waiting so long.(不好意思让你久等了)I am sorry to trouble you.(对不起,麻烦你了)I am sorry (that) he isnt here at the moment.(恐怕他现在不在)(5)be sure (确信)的用法：记住几个结构be sure of (sth);be sure to(do);be sure that+从句。如：She told me many times that she was sureto come.(她给我讲过多次她一定会来的)/ Are you sure of your

8、 answer? Maybe its wrong.(你对你的答案有把握吗？也许是错的。)I am sure that Dad will help me with the job.(我确信爸爸会帮着我做这件事情的)(6) make与do的用法：一般情况下表示进行活动或者做工作用do,表示创造建构某事物用make. 如：I dont know what to do.(我不知道该干什么)Im not going to do any work.(我不准备做什么)/My father and I once made a boat.(我和我爸曾经做过一只船)此外还要记住一些固定说法：do good/ ha

9、rm / business / ones best / a favourmake a decision / an effort / a mistake / a noise / a phone call /money / war / the bed / sure,.(7)put on、wear、haveon、be in、try on、dress的用法：put on强调“穿、戴”这个动作过程,wear则表示“穿着、戴着”这一状态,have+衣物+on主要表示状态,be in(+颜色/衣物)也是表示一个状况,dress(+人)表示“给人穿衣”。如：Please put on your new sho

10、es.(请穿上你的新鞋)The twins are wearing the same clothes.(双胞胎穿着相同的衣服)Today she has an overcoat on.(今天她穿着一件大衣)Do you know the woman whois in black?(你认识那个身穿黑衣的女人吗？)Dad is dressing Tom now.(爹正在给汤姆穿衣)注意dress与wear或put on的区别：wear或put on常用衣物作宾语,而dress常用人作宾语。表示给自己穿衣时常用“get dressed”或“dress oneself”表达。be dressed in

11、与wear基本同义。dress up意为“穿上盛装、乔装打扮”。如：Could you dress the baby for me?(你能替我给宝宝穿衣吗？)He is eight but cant dress himself.(他八岁了,还不会穿衣服)She was dressed in a red coat.(她穿着一件红上衣)Do I have to dress up to go to Jims party?(我得穿上好衣服去参加吉姆的聚会吗？)(8)like、love与enjoy的用法：三个词都含有“喜欢”的意思,但是,like和enjoy后面跟动名词,love后面一般跟动词不定式。l

12、ike后面有时跟动词不定式,表示一种习惯或嗜好(往往与具体的时间或地点有关)。enjoy后面还可以加名词、反身代词,表示“享受乐趣；玩得开心”。如：Do you likes hopping?(你喜欢购物吗？)He likes to have a swim when he gets home every afternoon.(每天下午放学后他总爱游个泳)They love to sing foreign songs.(他们喜爱唱外国歌曲)Did you enjoy yourself at the party?(在聚会上你玩得开心吗？)He enjoys living in China.(他喜欢在

13、中国生活)(9)study、learn的用法：study主要表示“学习、研究”,指过程；而learn主要表示“学会”,指结果。表示“学”时可以互换。如：How many subjects do you study?(你学多少门课程？)Have you learned it yet?(这个你学过了吗？)How long have you studied/learned English?(你学英语多久了？)learn还可以表示“听说”如He learned the musician himself was in town.(他听说音乐家本人就在城里)(10)think、want、would lik

14、e的用法：三个词都含有“想”的意思,但think指“思考、考虑”,want指“想要、愿望、企图”,would like指“想要”,think后面一般跟介词短语或从句,want和would like后面跟名词或动词不定式。如：Do you think that China will become a developed country in 40 years?(你认为中国会在40年后成为发达国家吗？)I am thinking of the money I once lent to Li Min.(我正在想着以前借给黎敏的钱)What do you really want to say?(你到底

15、想干什么？)Which of these cakes would you like(to have)?(这些饼子中你想吃哪些？)(11)look for、searchfor、find、find out的用法：前面两个词语表示动作过程,后面两个表示结果,look for指“寻找”不见的或丢失的东西,但还没有找到；searchfor指“为找而搜寻”；find指“找到”了东西；find out主要指“查明一个事实真相”。如：Hey,Monkey, what are you looking for in the cupboard?(嘿,猴儿！你在厨子里面找什么呢？)Have you found the

16、 lost key to your car?(你找着丢失的车钥匙了吗？)The soldiers were searching the room for the spy when they heard a loud noise.(士兵们正在房间里面搜寻间谍突然间他们听到了一声巨响)Lets try to find out who broke the window.(让我们查查谁把窗子打破了)注解find的几个结构：find sb. sth“为某人找到”,find sth./sb. + adj./n.“发觉某人是”,find it +adj.+ to do(或+宾语从句)“发现(做)如何”。如：

17、His mother found her daughter a very clever girl.(他母亲发现她女儿是个聪明的女孩)(名词作补语补足语)You can easily find it not good for your health to eat cold food.(你很容易就会发现吃冷食对你的身体是不利的)(12)listen to、hear的用法：两个词与听觉有关,listen to指“听”这一过程,hear指“听到”这一结果。如：Are you listening to me, Jim? Yes, I have heard your words.(吉姆,你在听我说吗？是的

18、,你的话我全听见了)(13)look、see、watch、read的用法：四个词均与眼睛有关look指放眼去“看”(不管是否看得到),指“看”的过程；see指“看见”这一结果,有时see还引申为“明白”,表示“看”时后面加“电影”等词；watch指专注的看,含有“注视、监视”之义,后面常跟“电视、比赛”等词；read限制为看书面材料,译为“看、阅读”,后面跟“书、报纸、杂志”等词如：What are you looking at?(你在看什么？)Please look at the blackboard.(请看黑板Let me go to see the film, mum, will you

19、?(妈妈,让我去看电影吧,好吗？)He wont feel well until he finishes watching the football match.(要看完了足球赛他才会感觉好些)/Reading gives us knowledge.(阅读给我们知识)(14)hear、hear of、hear from、learn的用法：hear“听说”,后面可以跟名词、代词、从句表示听见的内容,hear of“听说”,后面跟人,指对某人有耳闻但没有见过面；hear from“收到 的来信”,后面加人；learn“听说、得知”,后面跟从句,含义与hear相似。如：I hear Mr Green

20、 is coming to see us tonight.(我听说格林先生今晚要来看望我们)/Have you ever heard of the man who once went to the Himalaya Mountains?(你是否听说过那个去过喜马拉雅山的人？)How often do you hear from your father?(隔多久你收到你父亲的信？)He learned the musician himself was in town.(他听说音乐家本人就在城里)(15)speak、talk、say、tell的用法：四个词与“说”有关。speak“讲话、发言、演说

21、”,是不及物动词,涉及人时要加介词to, speak作及物动词时后面跟语言名称；talk“谈话、闲谈”,是不及物动词,涉及人时用介词with、to等,涉及事情时后面跟介词about等；say 是及物动词,后面跟名词、代词、从句等,表示说的内容；tell是及物动词,后面首先要跟人,然后再跟从句或者介词短语等。如：Do you speak English?(你讲英语吗？)Who spoke at the meeting?(谁在会上发了言？)/Our teacher is talking to Lin Taos parent.(我们的老师正在跟林涛的家长讲话)Can you say it inEng

22、lish?(你能用英语说出它吗？)Please tell me something about the strange flying object.(请跟我讲讲那个奇怪的飞行物的事情吧)(16)be able to(do)、can的用法：can是情态动词,有许多含义,表示“可能、可以、会”等意思,只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式；be able to表示能力上“会”,有多种时态形式,to后面跟动词原形,有时可以与can/could互换。如：Can you speak English?(你会说英语吗？)He couldnt(wasnt ableto) swim when he was

23、12.(他十二岁时不会游泳)(17)there be、have的用法：两个词都可以译为“有”,但have表示的是“拥有”,主语必须是人或者物。there be表示“存在”的概念,主语在there be之后。如：How many brothers and sisters do you have? I have only one brother.(你有多少兄弟？我只有一个兄弟。)How many chairs and desks are there in their classroom? There is none.(他们教室有多少张桌椅？一张也没有。)注解there be sb./sth doi

24、ng与there be sb./sth to do 有所不同：用doing表示一个正在发生的事情,而用to do 则表示一个滞后或迟于there be的动作。如：Look! There is a dog lying on the stairway. /Take your time. There is nothing for you to do tonight.(18)borrow、lend、keep的用法：表示“借”的三个词,borrow“借进”、lend“借出”都是一次性动作,不可以和表示一段的时间状语连用；keep“保存”用来表示借一段时间。如I have lost the book I

25、borrowed from my teacher. What can I do?(我丢了从老师那里借来的书。我该怎么呢？)How long have you kept my dictionary, eh? For more than two months!(呃,我的字典你借了多久了？两多月了！)(19)bring、take、carry、send、lift的用法：bring指从远处“拿来”；take指从面前“拿走”；carry指一般的搬运,不涉及方向；send主要指“送、派遣、寄”；lift指把东西由低向高“提起、拎起”。例略。(20)hope、wish的用法：两个词都表示“希望”,但是,hop

26、e表达有把握或信心实现的事情,后面直接跟动词不定式或者宾语从句,不可以跟动名词或作宾语补足语的不定式；wish表达实现的可能性不大的事情,后面跟名词、宾语从句(用过去时)或者作宾语补足语的不定式。如：We all hope to see him very soon.(我们全都希望尽快见到他)I hope it will be fine tomorrow so that we can go out.(我希望明天天好,这样我们就能出去了。)How I wish it was not raining at the moment!(我多么希望此刻不在下雨！)(事实上天正在下雨)(21)take、spe

27、nd、pay、cost的用法：spend的宾语通常是金钱或时间,句型：sb.+(spend)+时间/金钱+on sth / (in) doing sth. ；take的主语通常是事情,句型：sth./It+ (take)+sb.+时间+to do 。(如果是动作则常用it作形式主语将动词不定式后移)；cost的宾语通常是时间、金钱、力气,句型：sth.+(cost)+sb.+时间/金钱/力气. ；pay的宾语通常是金钱,句型：sb.+(pay)+金钱+for+事物.如：She spent the whole night reading the novel.(她花了一个晚上看那本小说)This

28、job will take me two days.=It will take me two days to do the job.(做这件事情要花我两天的时间)How much does a house like this cost?(像这样的房子要花多少钱？)I paid him twenty dollars for the book.(我花了20元从他那儿买了书)(22)begin、start的用法：begin在大多数情况下可以替代start,(反义词是end),后面接不定式或动名词时区别不大,但是start还可以表示“开始、出发、启动”反义词是stop；某事停止后再重新开始一般用sta

29、rt.如：When did you begin/start to learn English?(你什么时候开始学英语的？)They started getting in the crops after the rain stopped.(雨停后他们开始收割庄稼)This time he could not start his car.(这次他没法启动他的汽车)(23)arrive in/at、reach、get to的用法：arrive是不及物动词,到达具体地点时后面加介词at,到达一个大的地方(国家、城市)时后面加介词in, arrive后面可以直接跟地点副词here/there/home等

30、；get表示“到达”时是不及物动词,涉及地点(无论大小)时后面加to, get后面可以直接跟地点副词here等reach是及物动词,后面直接跟地点名词。如：He arrived in San Francisco last Sunday.(上个星期天他抵达旧金山)How did you get therein the night?(你是怎样在夜间到达那里的？)We hurried all the way and reachedthe station just five minutes before the train left. (我们一路狂奔在火车启动前5分钟到达车站)(24)be made

31、of、be made from、be made into、be made in、be made by、be made for的区别：be made of指从制成品中可以看得出原材料be made from则指从制成品中看不出原材料,口语中都可以换成be made out of。be made into表示“被制成”be made in表达被制造的地点be made by表达制造的人be made for表达被制造的目的。如：This kind of paper is made from bamboo.(这种纸是由竹子生产的The desk is made of wood and metal.(桌子是铁和木头打的)A lot of paperhas been made into paper birds.(许多纸被折叠成了小鸟)