岩土工程英语词汇.docx

1、岩土工程英语词汇A. abrasion action 磨蚀作用abrasives 研磨料；研磨物absolute age 绝对年龄absorbed layer 吸附层absorbed water 吸(附)水absorption limit 吸附界限absorption loss 吸附损失abutment 桥台；坝肩；墩栓；支座abutment wall 桥台翼墙abysmal deposit 深海沉积Accelerated Landslip Preventive Measures Project 加速防止山泥倾泻计划acceptable wave condition 容许波浪条件accepta

2、nce of tender 采纳投标书accident investigation 意外调查，事故调查accident loading condition 意外荷载条件accident report 意外事件故报告accident statistics 意外事故统计(数字) accredited private laboratory 认可私营实验所accumulated deformation 累积变形accuracy 准确度；精度acidic corrosion 酸性侵腐蚀acidic igneous rock 酸性火成岩acidity and alkalinity test 酸碱度试验ac

3、idity test 酸度试验acid-pickling 酸洗；酸浸Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, ADCP 声波多普勒水流测剖机仪 acoustic emission monitoring 声辐射监测acoustic exploration 声波勘探acoustic frequency geo-electric field method 声频大地电场法acoustic piezometer 声辐射测压计acoustic prospecting 声波勘探acquisition (土地) 收购；征用acrylamide grouting 丙凝灌浆active

4、 clay 活性黏土active earth pressure, pa 主动土压力active fault 活断层；活动断裂active intensity forecasting 活动烈度预测active isolation 积极隔振离 active mitigation strategies 主动缓解策略active period 活动期，活跃期active pile 主动桩active stabilizer 活性加固剂active state 主动状态active state of plastic equilibrium 主动塑性平衡状态active water (有侵蚀性)活性水act

5、ive zone 活动层，膨胀土层activity 活性activity index, A 活性指数additional stress 附加应力additive constant 加常数adhesion 黏着力；黏著作用；内聚力adhesive 胶黏剂，黏结剂adjusted value 平差值，调整值adjustment 调整；调节；调校；(测量) 平差adjustment item 调整项目administrative procedure 行政程序Admiralty Chart 海军图表，航海图admissible load 容许荷载admixture 搀和剂，混合物，搀合物advance

6、 works 前期工程adverse geological condition 不良地质情况条件 Advisory Council on the Environment 环境咨询委员会Advisory Letter (on slope maintenance) (斜坡维修) 劝喻信aeolian soil 风积土aeration zone 通气带aeration zone water 通气带水aerated water 饱气水aerial camera/air camera 航空摄影机；空中摄影机aerial mapping 航空填图航空测绘aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影

7、测量学，空中摄影测量学aerial photograph interpretation, API 航空照片判释解译 aerial photograph (vertical or oblique) ( 垂直或倾斜) 航空照片，航摄照片aerial photographic survey 航空摄影测量aerial survey/air survey 航空测量，空中测量aerobe 需氧菌，喜氧菌；需氧生物age-dating (of rock) ( 岩石) 测年，测定年代ageing 老化agglomerate 集块岩aggregate ( 土壤) 团粒；(混凝土) 骨料aggregate abr

8、asion value 石料耐磨值aggregate impact value 石料冲击强度值agitator 搅拌器A-horizon A层；淋溶层AIEG (Association of International Engineering Geology) 国际工程地质学会air compressor 空气压缩机air content, ac 含气率air jet 喷射气流；喷嘴air permeability 透气性率 air permeability test 透气性率试验air space ratio, Ga 排水气隙比air test 气密试验air void ratio, Gv

9、气隙比air voids (of a soil) ( 土的)气隙，(土的)空气孔隙air-curtain method 气幕法air-dried soil 风干土air-lift equipment 压缩空气扬水泵air-lock 气闸Airport Core Programme, ACP 机场核心计划air-water 气水面alert criteria 警戒准则alert level 预警水平alignment (pipe alignment) ( 管线)定线；线向；路线alignment survey 定线测量A-line (塑性图) A线all round pressure 周围压应力

10、allocation condition 批地条款；分配条件；分配规定allocation plan 批地图allowable amplitude 容许振幅allowable bearing capacity 容许承载能力allowable bearing pressure 容许承载力allowable bearing value 容许承载值allowable deformation 容许变形allowable error 容许误差allowable load 容许荷载allowable movement 容许位移allowable pile bearing load 单桩容许荷载allowa

11、ble settlement 容许沉降量allowable soil pressure 容许土压力allowable vibration acceleration 容许振动加速度allowance for corrosion loss 预留锈蚀量alluvial (clay, silt, sand) 冲积(黏土、粉土、砂) alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial soil 冲积土alluvial terrace 冲积阶地alluvium 冲积物；冲积层all-weather 全天候alternating load 交变荷载alternating strain 交变应变alter

12、nating stress 交变应力alternation 更改；改建；后补；替代alternative design 替代设计altimeter 测高仪altitude 高程，海拔aluminum octahedron 铝八面体ambient pressure 环境压应力ambient temperature 环境介质温度amendment 修正；改正Amenity (城市规划) 环境美化带区 amenity area 美化市容地带；市容地带American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

13、Standard 美国公路及交通正式标准协会American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards 美国试验及材料学会标准amplification factor 放大因子amplitude magnification factor 振幅放大因子amplitude of vibration 振幅amplitude ratio 振幅比anaerobe 厌氧菌；厌氧生物anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria 厌氧抗硫酸盐细菌anchor (in slope works) (边坡工程) 锚杆， 锚；锚杆

14、支撑anchor block 锚块anchor bolt 锚栓，螺栓anchor cable 锚索anchor pile 锚桩anchor plate 锚板anchor rod 锚杆anchor wall 锚定固墙anchorage 锚定固作用；地锚anchorage area 锚地；碇泊区anchorage force 锚固力anchorage shear test 锚固剪切试验anchored bulkhead 锚定固岸壁；锚定固挡壁anchored sheet piling 锚定固板桩墙anchoring 锚固ancillary works 附属工程andesite 安山岩andesit

15、e tuff 安山凝灰岩anemometer 风速仪；风速表ANFO blasting agent 硝酸铵油渣混合炸药angle of contact ( 弯液面) 接触角angle of dilatancy 剪胀角，扩容角angle of external friction 外摩擦角angle of inclination 倾角angle of internal friction, 内摩擦角angle of obliquity 倾斜角angle of reach 触及坡角angle of repose 休止角angle of rupture 破裂角angle of shearing resi

16、stance 抗剪角，剪切角angle of shearing strength 剪切强度角angle of skin friction 表面摩擦角angle of slope 斜坡坡角，斜坡角度angle of true internal friction 真内摩擦角angle of wall friction, 墙摩擦角angular 棱角状的angularity chart 棱角度对比图angularity factor 棱角度因子anidrite 硬石膏anion adsorption 阴离子吸附anion exchange 阴离子交换anisotropic consolidation

17、 各向不等压固结；各向异性固结anisotropic hardening 各向异性硬化anisotropic medium 各向异性介质anisotropic soil 各向异性土anisotropy 各向异性anthropogenic 受人类影 的anticline 背斜anti-flocculation 反絮凝作用anti-slide pile 抗滑桩anvil 砧A-parameter 孔隙压力系数A aperture size 缝隙尺寸aplite 细晶岩apparent angle of internal friction 表观内摩擦角apparent cohesion 表观黏聚力，

18、似黏聚力apparent preconsolidation pressure 表观先期固结压力apparent shearing strength 表观抗剪强度apparent velocity 表观流速approach channel 进出港航道；进出口航道approach road 引路approach velocity 行近流速approved concrete mix 认可混凝土混合料approved contractor 认可承建商approved plan 批准的计划；认可的设计：认可图则approved project estimate 核准工程预算approved suppli

19、ers of materials 认可物料供货商apron 护坦，挡板aquiclude 阻水层aquifer 含水层aquitard 弱透水层arch action (in soil) ( 土中)成拱作用Archaeozoic 太古代Archean (年代) 太古代的；(地层) 太古界的arching 拱作用Area Committee 分区委员会area load 面荷载area ratio (取样器) 面积比argillaceous rock 泥质岩；黏土(质)岩arid region 干旱区arithmetical check 运算核对armour (防波堤) 护面；护面块体armou

20、r layer 护面层armour rock 护面块石artesian aquifer 承压含水层artesian basin 自流盆地artesian ground water 承压地下水artesian water 承压水；自流水artesian well 自流井articles of agreement 合约细则， 协议条款， 合约条款artificial ground 人工地基as-constructed drawing 竣工图as-constructed plan 竣工图则aseismatic design 抗震设计aseismic region 无震区asphalt 沥青，柏油as

21、phalt mix design 沥青混凝土配方asphalt paver 沥青摊铺机aspirator 流水抽气器assembly 装置Assessment Panel 评估小组Association of Consulting Engineers of Hong Kong, ACEHK 香港顾问工程师协会Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (Hong Kong) Ltd. 香港岩土及岩土环境工程专业协会Association of Government Land and Engineering Surve

22、ying Officers, AGLESO 政府土地工程测量主任协会Association of Government Local Land Surveyors, AGLLS 政府本地土地测量师协会Association of Government Technical and Survey Officers, AGTSO 政府工程技术及测量主任协会associative flow rule 相关流动法则astronomical tide 天文潮atmospheric water 大气水attenuation 衰减Atterberg Limits 阿太堡界限attitude (地质) 产状，构造

23、面位置auger 螺旋钻auger bit 螺旋钻头auger boring 螺旋钻探auger drill 螺旋钻auger pile 螺旋桩Authorized Person, AP 认可人士；获授权人士authority 当局；权力；主管机构authority concerned 有关当局；有关主管机构authority for approval 授权当局；批核当局authorization 批核Authorized Land Surveyor 认可土地测量师authorized marine borrow area 认可挖砂区，已批准的挖砂区autograph 自动缯图仪autogra

24、phic record 自动记录automatic raingauge 自动雨量计automatic ram pile driver 自动冲锤打桩机auto-telemetering 自动遥测availability of land 可用土地avalanche 山崩；雪崩average maximum wave height 平均最大波高average stress 平均应力axial 轴向axial bearing capacity 轴向承载压力axial compression 轴向压缩axial extension test 轴向拉伸试验axial load 轴向荷载；轴压axial p

25、ressure 轴向压力axial strain 轴向应变axial stress 轴向应力axial symmetry 轴对称azimuth 极方位；极方位角B. back analysis 反演分析back drain 墙背排水设施back osmotic pressure 反渗压力back pressure 反压(力)，倒压back-calculation 反算法，反推法backfill 回填土，回泥；回填backfilling 回填background noise level 背景音量backing concrete 堤背混凝土back-up area 后勤区；后勤用地backward

26、 erosion 向源侵蚀，逆向侵蚀backwater effect 回水作用bad land 劣地bagged concrete 袋装混凝土bailer 抽泥筒balance cone (稠度试验) 平衡锥balance in water quantity 水量平衡ballast 道碴；压载balloon densimeter 囊式密度计balloon volumeter 囊式体积仪band drain 排水板，排水肩带banded clay 带状黏土band-shaped prefabricated drain 带状预制排水板bank (of channel) 堤岸；河畔；(航道)边坡ba

27、nquette 填土；扩坡道barge 卸泥船；趸船；驳船；平底船barging point 趸船转运站barium sulphate test 硫酸钡试验barrel 钻探取样器，(惯称) 巴鲁；桶barrette 方形桩，矩形桩barrier effect ( 桩工) 遮帘作用Barrons consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论basal conglomerate 底砾岩basalt 玄武岩basalt dyke 玄武岩岩墙base course (路工) 基层base exchange capacity 盐基交换容量base exchange 盐基交换base heav

28、e failure 基底隆起破坏base level 基准面base shearing resistance 基底抗剪强度base tilt factor (地基承载力) 基底倾斜因子baseline 基数；基线basement wall 地下室墙basic igneous rock 基性火成岩basic intensity 基本烈度basin 水槽；港池；盆地； 峡basin-range landform 盆峡岭地貌batching and mixing plant(concrete) ( 混凝土)配料及搅拌设备batching plant 混凝土配料机batholith 岩基bathyal

29、 deposit 次深海沉积bathymetric survey 海深测量bathymetry 海深，海底深度batter leader pile driver 斜导架打桩机batter pile 斜桩batter 倾斜Baumehydrometer 波美比重计beach sand 海滩砂beacon 航标；浮标；灯塔；讯标；立标beam under foundation 地基梁bearing 方位；方向角；支承(座架) bearing capacity 承载力bearing capacity factor ( 地基) 承载力因子，承载力系数bearing course 承压垫层bearing

30、 graph ( 桩工) 反应曲线bearing layer 持力层bearing pile 承重桩，支承桩bearing plate 载荷板bearing stratum 持力层，支承层bearing test 载荷试验bedded rock slope 层状岩石斜坡bedding 层理bedding error ( 试验) 端垫误差bedding layer 垫层bedding plane 层理面bedrock 基岩belled pile 扩底桩belling bucket 扩底挖斗benched foundation 台阶式基础benchmark 水平点bending moment 弯矩bending schedule 弯钢筋表bending strength 抗弯强度benefit analysis 效益分析benthic seabed grab survey 海底抓斗勘测benthic 海底的bentonite 膨润土，膨土岩bentonite liner 膨润土衬垫bentonite slurry 膨润土泥浆berm (on a slope) ( 斜坡)坡