英语高一句子成分.docx

1、英语高一句子成分 句子成分英语 高一 句子成分Lesson 1 1. 【教学目标】复习语法句子成分，掌握句子成分的构成，为长难句的理解 打基础。2. 新题型讲解语法填空技巧【教学重点】在不断巩固练习的基础上熟练掌握语学会判断句子的各个成分； 法填空的技巧。 PART 1 语法讲解 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分主要有主语，谓语，宾语， 定义表语，定语，状语，补足语，同位语等。 1、主 语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，通常位于句首。 Jane is good at playing the piano. I need a book. To s

2、ee is to believe. Seeing is believing. Smoking is bad for health. 找出下列句子中的主语 1. She went out in a hurry. Have A Try 2. Tom is very tall. 3. Pride goes before a fall. 4. Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time. 2、谓语：描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。由动词，动词短语或系动词加表语担任，常置于 主语 后。谓语动词有人称，数，时态

3、和语态的变化。 The train leaves at 6 oclock. She is reading. This song sounds wonderful. I worked out this problem under the help of my math teacher. 动词分类： 动词的分类： 行为动词： 及物动词 不及物动词 系动词：be动词和感官动词 情态动词 助动词 谓语： 简单谓语 复合谓语 助动词+主要动词 情态动词+主要动词 找出下列句子中的谓语 Have A Try 1. His writing is very beautiful. just about anyt

4、hing to save money. will do2. Some people 句子成分英语 高一 . should try 3. You your best to fulfill your tasks. 表示动作的对象。一般由名词（短语）, 代词，宾语：数词，动名词3（短语）、，动词不定式（短语），从句等充当，常置于谓语后。 He won the game. He likes playing computer. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Do you know that

5、there will be a concert of Eason in Chongqing next week. 找出下列句子中的宾语 1. Show your passport, please. Have A Try anything.2. She didnt say the way to the nearest hospital. me 3. Can you tell ，代词，名词短语()4、表语：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。一般由名词数词，动名词（短语），不定式（短语）或形容词担任，置于系动词 之后。. He is a student We are tired. today. Yo

6、u look happy be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，注意：除了 等。 1)表感官的动词: sound, look, smell, taste, touch,feel, 等。 2)表转变变化的动词: go, become, turn, grow, get 等。 3)表延续的动词: keep, stay, remain 找出下列句子中的表语over. 1. The war was Have A Try the truth. to know2. They seem in autumn. 3. Leaves turn yellow easily in summer. 4. Food

7、 goes bad、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。形容词，代词，5介词短语，不定式（短语），动名词（短语），分词，从句等均可做定语。单个词作定语通常置于被修饰词的前面；短语或从句作定语通常置于被修饰词的后 面。 作定语）blackThe black bike is mine.（ 作定语）The boy in blue is Jim.（in blue （nothing作定语）I have nothing to do today.nothing , anything , everything , something, 1、当定语修饰不定代词如：注意： 等时，定语要放在其后作后

8、置定语。anyone, everyone, someone I tell him something interesting. 2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。The boys who are in the room are playing games. I have something important to tell you now. 找出下列句子中的定语Have A Try 高一英语 句子成分1. He is a clever boy. 2. His spoken language is good. 3. Is there anyone else who wan

9、ts to go with me? ，位置灵活。它可以表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结、状语：用以修饰动词6 果、条件、方式、程度、和让步等。副词，介词短语，不定式，分词均可做状语。 1)、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； I am very sorry. 2)、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。 In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3)、一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常

10、位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。 We often help him. He is always late for class. 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six? ( 时间 状语) Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. （ 原因 状语） I shall go there if it doesnt rain. （ 条件 状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor. （ 地点 状语） She put the eggs

11、into the basket with great care. （ 伴随 状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand. （ 伴随 状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （ 目的 状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. （ 结果 状语） She works very hard though she is old.（ 让步 状语） 找出下列句子中的状语 1. I will be back in a

12、while. Have A Try 2. They are playing on the playground. 3. Only in this way, can you make a success.、补语： 补充说明主语和宾语 的情况。补语分为主语补足语和宾语补足语两种，可由名词，形容词，介词短语，分词和不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。 He made me sad.（形容词） She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式） The war made him a soldier.（名词） I find him at home.（介词短语） I saw a cat r

13、unning along the wall.（分词） 找出下列句子中的补语 Have A Try 1. They called him the prince of gymnasts. 2. I arrived at home very late, tired and hungry. angry. 3. His words made us 高一 句子成分英语 、同位语：在句中对某一成分作进一步的解释，说明，并且与其在语法上处于8同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语，它通常位于名词、代词后面, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。 Tom, our monitor, is a handsome bo

14、y. I myself will do the experiment. The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. Have A Try 找出下列句子中的同位语is so exciting. that he won the match The news 1. They expressed the wish that she accept the award2. does not mean it was stolen. The fact that the money has gone3. 主谓宾表定状补

15、Review 复习 Keep this in mind 七种成分记清楚 一强化训练 We are fami 主谓宾表是主干 挑出下列句中的宾语一) ( his homework. 1. My brother hasnt done 辅助成分定状补English. 2. People all over the world speak 挑出下列句中的表语二) ( 定语修饰名或代tired. 1. The old man felt very . 2. The leaves have turned yellow 状语修饰动形副 ) 挑出下列句中的定语(三 name? 1. What is your gi

16、ven people forgot to sweep the floor. careless2. I am afraid some 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(四) s in the reading-room. to read newspapers and book1. She likes the children . to take the boy out of school2. He asked her ) 挑出下列句中的状语(五 1. There was a big smile on her face.t he heard the noise upstairs. Every nigh2.

17、语法填新题型讲PART 2个单词的正确形式填阅读下面材料，用不多于Yangshuo,China as raining lightly when I_1_(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt It wcare. A few hours_2_, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with _3_(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain. lace for tourists seeking the limes

18、tone mountain Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream ptops and dark waters of the Li River_4_are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _5_(painting). Instead, I d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, 英语 高一 句子成分 its only an hour away_6_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-kno

19、wn city. Yangshuo_7_(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers_8_(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, say

20、s it_9_(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people_10_(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. Keys: 1. arrived 2. before 3. its 4. which 5. paintings 6. by 7. is 8. conducted 9. regularly 10. living 总结：新题型技巧语法填空 题型特征 语法填空题是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，每空1.5分，共15分。部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写其正确形式。不给出提示词的包

21、括：根据上下文的语境填入冠词，连词，代词以及副词或名词等。不给提示词的，词数有限制，只填写1个单词。一般来说，给出的提示词较多（57个）；考查词形变化的偏多，并且未给出提示词的空处（35个）有填实词的考点；挖空一般比较均，所要填空的地方一般不会影响学生对短文的理解。 能力要求 该题型是考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法和语用知识的掌握情况，着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力。 技巧点拨 1.把握篇章理解。用约一分钟浏览全文，明确大意及整个语境，明确人称和主体时态，此乃做语法填空题的前提。 2.处理好两类词的填空。填实词时，先要根据改词在句中的语法成分，确定好词性(名词，动词，形容词，副词等)，再考虑

22、其词形。根据前后意思，还可能填所给词的反义词；填功能词时，要根据上下文之间的联系，空格前后词语的支配关系，词语搭配，以及句子结构的要求，填上所需的功能词。 考点设置 一有提示词 1. 动词（谓语非谓语）。给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要填其适当的形式。填动词形式，首先抓住主谓结构，确定主句，剩下的部分，如有连词，则是句子，仍有主谓结构，否则就用非谓语。 常考点1.谓语：时态，语态，主谓一致 2.非谓语：to do, doing, done (1). Ms Chen _(teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation

23、I decided to get her a present. (2). I was certain she would like it because I _(tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. (3). An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that _(encourage) students to study abroad. (4). A transit spokesman said the

24、 driver should_(make) radio call to the control center for help. (5). We must also consider the reaction of the person _(receive) the gift. (6). With the problem_(solve), I felt proud of my achievement. 英语 高一 句子成分 (7). I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_(complete) the rest. (8). _(compar

25、e) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15,000, or a rise of 13. (9). We must practice speaking and_(write) the language whenever we can. (10). But it is not enough only _(memorize) rules from a grammar book. Keys: (1). have taught (2). was told (

26、3). encourages (4). make (5). receiving (6). solved (7). to complete (8). compared (9). writing (10). to memorize 2. 名词。给出名词，主要考查名词的单复数变化，名词的可数与不可数。掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。 常考点名词的单复数 (1). For most of us the _(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work. (2). But a good teacher shows how to fin

27、d_(answer). (3). Think of a computer: it stores a lot of _(information). (4). It is another book of my _(brother). Keys: changes answers information brothers 3. 形容词，副词。给出形容词副词，首先要考虑形副之间的转换，形容词修饰名词和代词，或与系动词连用；副词主要修饰动词，形容词，副词及整个句子。其次，形容词和副词有比较等级的变化（包括比较级和最高级）。 常考点1.形容词和副词的词性转换 2.比较等级 (1). _(fortunate)

28、, David passed the final exam. (2). “ Thirty-five cents,” she said_(rude). (3). Nothing could be_(sweet). (4). One of the_(bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school. Keys: Fortunately rudely sweeter worst 4. 词形转换。给出提示词原形，通过句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式补充完整。如名词变形容词，动词变形容词，形容词变副词，动词变名词等。这属于比较基础的单词拼

29、写方面的能力要求。（注意：分析句意，注意单词否定意义的考查，即需要加词缀） 常考点 词形转换 (1). Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit _(patience). (2). You have done well and made great achievement in the _(entertain) field. (3). These people have made great _(contribute) to China with their work. (4). The t

30、ornadoes damaged several_(new) built buildings. (5). Numerous studies have shown that free play is very_(benefit). It can help children become creative. Keys: patient entertainment contribution newly beneficial 二无提示词 1. 冠词。名词前无限定词修饰，可考虑用冠词。有时也会出现在序数词，最高级或一些固定搭配中。注意不定冠词a, an和定冠词the 的区别。 的用法a, an不定冠词1.常考点英语 高一 句子成分 2. 定冠词the的用法 (1). Then I went to the department store and bought her_ expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. (2). But my mood quickly changed when I saw_ first question. (3). Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but als