高考英语语法零冠词用法归纳及六个易错点.docx

1、高考英语语法零冠词用法归纳及六个易错点高考英语语法：零冠词用法归纳及六个易错点一、零冠词的用法归纳1. 用于物质名词前物质名词表示泛指或一般概念时，通常用零冠词：Water boils at 100.水在摄氏100度沸腾。Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水(即亲人总比外人亲)。表示泛指或一般概念的物质名词前，即使有一描绘性修饰语，仍用零冠词：Dont eat rotten food.不要吃腐烂的食物。【注】(1)若特指，物质名词前可用定冠词：Is the water in the well fit to drink?这井里的水能喝吗?(2)表示一种、一杯、一场、一

2、阵、一份等这样的概念时，可用不定冠词：This is a very good wine.这是一种很好的酒。A coffee, please.请给我来杯咖啡。It was very cold and a heavy snow was falling.当时天气很冷，正在下大雪。2. 用于抽象名词前3. 抽象名词表示泛指或一般概念时，通常用零冠词：Do you like music?你喜欢音乐吗?Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。表示泛指或一般概念的抽象名词前，即使有一描绘性修饰语，仍用零冠词：I like light music very much.

3、我非常喜欢轻音乐。【注】(1)若特指，抽象名词前可用定冠词：I like the music of Mozart.我喜欢莫扎特的曲子。(2)若表示一种或一类等概念，可用不定冠词：He lives a happy life.他过着幸福的生活。Physics is a science.物理是一门科学。(3)若表示动作的一次、一例、一番等，可用不定冠词：Let me have a look.让我看一看。(4)若表示与抽象名词意义相关的具体的人或事，可用不定冠词：The book is a delight to read.这书读来很有趣。3. 用于专有名词前4. 在通常情况下，专有名词前用零冠词：Sm

4、ith lives in London.史密斯住在伦敦。【注】(1)若特指，专有名词前有时也可用定冠词：The Smith youre looking for no longer lives here.你找的那个史密斯不住这儿了。(2)专有名词前使用不定冠词和定冠词的其他情况，见本章其他有关内容。5. 用于复数名词前6. 复数名词表示类别时，通常用零冠词：Teachers should be respected.教师应该受到尊重。泛指不定量的人或物，也用零冠词：We are students of Class Five.我们是五班的学生。【注】若特指，复数名词前应用定冠词：The teache

5、rs should attend the meeting教师应参加会议。7. 用于单数可数名词前8. 单数可数名词前用零冠词，主要有以下情况：(1)用于表示家庭成员或nurse, cook, teacher等名词前：Mother is not at home.妈妈不在家。Ask nurse to put the child to bed.叫保姆抱孩子到床上去睡觉。Teacher was satisfied with our work.老师对我们的工作很满意。(2)用于动词turn(变成)，go(变成)后作表语的名词通常用零冠词：He was a teacher before he turned

6、 writer.他在成为作家之前是教师。He has gone socialist.他成了社会主义者。(3)在让步状语从句的倒装句式中，单数可数名词前通常用零冠词：Child as he is, he knows a lot.他虽然是个孩子，但已经很懂事了。Teacher though he is, he cant know everything.他虽然是老师，但也不可能什么都懂。(4)单数可数名词用作呼语，通常用零冠词：How is she, doctor?医生，她怎么样?Can you drive me to the station, driver?司机，请送我去车站，好吗?(5)在某些独

7、立结构中通常用零冠词：The teacher came in, book in hand.老师走了进来，手里拿着书。He was sitting in the chair, pipe in mouth.他坐在椅子上，嘴里叼着烟斗。(6)在“(a) kind sort of名词”这一结构中，名词通常用零冠词：This kind of book is very interesting.这种书很有趣。He is the sort of person I really dislike.他这种人我真不喜欢。【注】注意以下两句在含义上的差别：What kind of car is it?这是什么牌子的车?

8、What kind of a car is it?这种车质量如何?(7)当单数可数名词含义抽象化具有形容词意味时，通常用零冠词：The man was more animal than man.那个人与其说是人，不如说是畜生。I was fool enough to accept his offer.我接受他的提议真是太傻了。Are you man enough for this dangerous job?你有勇气做这项危险的工作吗?9. 其他用零冠词的场合10. (1)节假日、星期、月份、季节等通常用零冠词：We had a good time on Christmas Day.我们在圣诞

9、节过得很愉快。Monday comes before Tuesday.星期二在星期一之后。He was born in September, 1988.他出生在1988年9月。【注】我国用festival构成的传统节日通常用定冠词：the Spring Festival春节/ the Mid-autumn Festival the Moon Festival中秋节若表示特指或心目中的专指，星期、月份、季节等名词前可用定冠词：He went abroad in the September of 1988.他于1988年9月出国。He came on the Sunday and went awa

10、y on the Monday.他星期日来，星期一就走了。表示“某一个”或受描绘性定语修饰表示“某种”这样的意义时，节日、星期、月份、季节等名词也可用不定冠词：My birthday happened to be on a Saturday.我的生日碰巧是星期六。She came round to see me on a sunny Sunday.她在一晴朗的星期日来看了我。We had a nice Christmas.我们过了一个愉快的圣诞节。当季节名词不强调时间而强调季节的内涵时，通常用the：Winter is coming.冬天要来了。(单纯指冬天的时间)The winter is

11、coming.冬天要来了。(暗示寒冷)(2)某些表示自然界时间变化现象的名词，与某些介词(如at, after, before, till, until, towards, from等)构成短语时，通常用零冠词：at day-break在天亮时before dawn在天亮前at dusk在黄昏时 after sunset在日落后after sunrise在日出前towards dark天快黑时at midnight在半夜 from dawn till dusk从早到晚当day, night, evening, morning, afternoon等表示抽象的时间概念时，通常用零冠词：Night

12、 fell.天黑了。Evening came on.夜幕来临。It was late afternoon before he reached home.傍晚时候他才到家。(3)球类、三餐、茶点等名词前，通常用零冠词：We play basketball in the afternoon.我们下午打篮球。What do you have for breakfast?你早餐吃什么?They were at tea when I called.我来访时他们正在喝茶(吃茶点)。【注】球类名词若不是作为一项体育活动看待，而是作为一个实实在在的东西来看待，则可以用冠词：The basketball is

13、mine.这个篮球是我的。He bought a basketball.他买了一个篮球。三餐饭被特指可用定冠词，若受形容词修饰且非特指，可用不定冠词：The supper she cooked was delicious.她做的晚餐很可口。We had a good lunch at Uncles.我们在叔叔家吃了顿丰盛的午餐。(4)当名词后接有数词表示顺序时，名词前通常用零冠词：Lesson 10 is more interesting than Lesson 11.第10课比第11课更有趣。Theres a picture of a ship on page 15.在第15页有张一艘船的照

14、片。(5)公园、广场、学校、语言等名词前通常用零冠词：Hyde Park海德公园Central Park (纽约)中心公园Zhongshan Park中山公园Tian An Men Square天安门广场speak English说英语Beijing University北京大学【注】当语言名词表特指意义或指某一语言中的对应词时，通常用定冠词：the English spoken in America and Canada在美国和加拿大讲的英语Whats the English for this?这个东西用英语怎么说?另外，在语言名词后加上language一词时，也要用冠词：the Engli

15、sh language。(6)表示学习、生活、娱乐等的单数名词，若表示相关的活动时，通常用零冠词：go to school (bed, church, town, class, college, etc)去上学(睡觉，做礼拜，进城，上课，上大学，等)in bed (school, class, college, church, prison, hospital, etc)在睡觉(上学，上课，上大学，做礼拜，坐牢，住院，等)be sent to hospital (prison)被送往医院住院或治疗(关进监狱)School is over at twelve. 12点放学。【注】若不是指活动，而

16、是指具体的实物，则要用冠词。比较：go to the bed到床边去(侧重指“床”这个实体)go to bed上床睡觉(侧重指与“床”有关的活动，即睡觉)be in the school在这所学校里(侧重指“学校”这个地点)be in school在上学(侧重指与“学校”有关的活动，即读书)但是cinema, theatre是例外，它们表示相关活动时，其前要用定冠词：He often goes to the cinema (theatre).他经常去看电影(看戏)。I prefer the cinema to the theatre.我喜欢看电影，不喜欢看戏。有时定冠词和零冠词的选择与英美英语

17、的不同习惯有关：in hospital (英)住院in the hospital (美)住院go to university (英)上大学go to the university (美)上大学at table (英)在吃饭at the table (美)在吃饭(7)某些用介词by构成的表方式的短语通常用零冠词：表示乘坐交通工具：by bus乘公共汽车by bike (bicycle)骑自行车by plane / by air乘飞机by ship (boat)坐船by land走陆路 by sea走海路表示用通讯或通信等方式：by phone用电话 by telegram用电报by letter

18、用信件 by post用邮寄by radio用无线电 by hand用手工(8)表示正式的或独一无二的头衔或职位等，在用作宾语、表语、补语或同位语时，通常用零冠词：John is captain of the team.约翰是足球队的队长。He is head of the foreign languages department.他是外语系主任。【注】尽管有时也有用定冠词的现象，但以零冠词为普通。(9)单数可数名词紧密联系的平行结构，通常用零冠词：They are brother and sister.他们是兄妹。Please pass me pencil and paper.请把纸笔递给我

19、。Boy and girl came up to me together.一个男孩和一个女孩一起向我走来。(10)有些短语用零冠词和定冠词均可，只是含义不同：out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能，不值得考虑的keep house料理家务 keep the house呆在家里不外出in charge of负责，管理，主管in the charge of在的管理(负责)之下(11)许多习语用零冠词：catch fire着火give way让路lose heart灰心move house搬家send word捎信take place发生by chance

20、偶然catch sight of看见make use of利用二、零冠词用法的六个易错点所谓用零冠词，即既不用定冠词，也不用不定冠词。以下几点需注意，不要用错：(1)表泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前Blood circulates in the body. 血液在体内循环。Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. 水由氢和氧组成。Money circulates quickly in times of inflation. 货币在通货膨胀期间流通很快。Trees dont grow in the Antarctic. 南极不长树木。Children are v

21、ery hard on their shoes. 小孩子穿鞋很容易破。比较：Blood is thicker than water. 水浓于水。Dont put the water in the blood. 不要把这些水放到这些血里面去。(2)倒装的让步状语从句中在as(虽然)引导让步状语从句前面的单数可数名词前不用冠词。如：Boy as he is, he likes to play with girls. 他虽是个男孩，但却喜欢与女孩子玩。Big puzzle as it was, it hadnt got the better of Jim. 虽然是个大难题，但仍没有难倒吉姆。(3)某

22、些特殊词前例如在man(人，人类), word(消息)的前面不用冠词。如：How did Man first discover fire? 人类最初是怎样发现火的?Man is a rational animal. 人是有理性的动物。Man is fighting a battle against pollution. 人类正在同污染进行斗争。Word came that he could not come. 消息传来说他不能来了。又如动词 turn(变成)，go(变成)后作表语的名词前通常用不用冠词。如：He turned writer after he graduated from a m

23、edical college. 他从医学院毕业后成了作家。(比较：He became a writer after graduating from college.)(4)独立主格结构中在表示伴随或补充说明用用的独立主格结构中，名词前不用冠词。如：He sat back, glass in hand. 他手里拿着酒杯向后一靠。He stood there, pipe in mouth. 他站在那里，嘴里衔着烟斗。She stood in the doorway, hands on hips. 她双手叉腰站在门口。Sylvia, camera in hand, asked, “Where do

24、we go first?” 西尔维娅手里拿着相机问道：“我们先去哪里？”(5)“(a) kind sort of名词”结构的“名词”前该结构中的“名词”不管是单数还是复数，其前都通常用零冠词。如：Have you dreamt what kind of person you would be? 你曾梦想过自己要成为什么样的人吗？This kind of fish lives in fresh water. 这种鱼生活在淡水中。Not every kind of bird can fly. 不是每一种鸟都能飞。I only like this kind sort of flower (bread

25、). 我只喜欢这种花(面包)。(6)表抽象意义的单数名词前当单数可数名词含义抽象化具有形容词意味时，通常用零冠词。如：He was fool enough to spend all the money at once. 他真傻，把钱一下子全花了。He was not man enough to face up to his responsibility. 他没有足够的勇气去承担责任。I was fool enough to believe him. 我竟然相信他，真够傻的。(=I was so foolish that I believed him. )He was fool enough to tell them everything. 他真傻，把一切事情都告诉他们了。(=He was so foolish that he told them everything.)