高考英语形容词副词.docx

1、高考英语形容词副词 高考形容词和副词形容词和副词 形容词一概念： 形容词是用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。二形容词在句中充当什么成分： 通常作定语，表语，主补，宾补和状语。1. 做定语 一般放在所修饰词的前面 an interesting film good idea 形容词修饰不定代词Some-, any-, no-, every-, 时，形容词一般要后置，做后置定语： everybody clever something important I have _(一些重要的事情）to tell you2做表语 eg. Impossible is nothing.没有不可

2、能。 注: (1) 一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。 常见系动词有：be 变化系词： become, get ,turn, grow, go 保持系词： keep ,remain, stay 感观系词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc. (2) 某些以a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。 afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive 某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语 well, ill faint 3. 做补足语。 eg. We consid

3、er the plan workable. 我们认为该计划可行。 4.做状语 表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。 Eg. 1）He went to bed , cold and hungry. 2） Knowing the truth, the boss stood there, speechless. 得知真相后，老板无言以对。 （speechless为状语，注意形容词作状语，通常用于固定句式，该形容词并非修饰谓语 动词，而是说明前面名词的性质或状态)。例:When it was his turn to deliver his speech，_，he walked towards t

4、he microphone. Anervously and A.embarrassingly Bnervous and embarrassedly Cnervously and embarrassing Dnervous and embarrassed 解析： 该题考查形容词作状语。形容词一般作定语，但也可作状语。如：He lay in bed，awake.再如：Her husband came back，drunk. 答案： D 三形容词的比较级和最高级变化规则 规则变化 1. 一般情况 加er, est smaller,smallest 2. 以e 结尾 加r,st larger,larg

5、est 3. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的词 改y为i，再加er,est busier,busiest 4. 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写末尾辅音字母，加er,est fatter,fattest 5.多数双音节和多音节的词 加more most more beautiful,most important不变化规则 原级 比较级 最高级 good ,well better best bad, ill, badly worse worst many ,much more most little less least far farther, further farthest,furthe

6、r old older, elder oldest, eldest 例：改错 1.Farther explanation is unnecessary 2. Airplanes can fly further and faster than the fastest bird. 四具体用法:1.原级的用法 1) as 原形 as A与B一样 eg. The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train. He has not as much money as his friend. 2) not as(so) 原形 as A与B不一样 eg. She is no

7、t as (so)beautiful as her sister. The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine. 这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。注意 貌似同级比较结构的一些习惯用语as far as词汇意义：“和一样远；一直到”。引申义表程度或范围，作连接词引导 从句，表“尽；就”。as long as词汇意义：“和一样长”。引申义为“只要”，引导条件状语从句，相当于 only if。as well as词汇意义：“和一样好”，可作并列连词，意思是“和；以及”。句尾用as well, 作“也”讲。as soon as词汇意义：“尽快”，引申义为

8、“一就”，作连词引导时间状语从句，相当 于the moment (when)。2.比较级的用法 1) 比较级+ than eg. Health is more important than wealth. 2) 比较级+比较级 “越来越” higher and higher more and more important 3) the +比较级，the+比较级“越，越” eg. The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave. 4) the +比较级+of the two“两者中较 的一个 ” The taller of

9、the two boys is my brother. 两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。 5) 否定+比较级 表示最高级 “最不过” eg. His work couldnt be worse. How beautifully she sings！I have never heard a better voice. Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting? 你对他在会议上说的满意吗？ No.It couldnt have been worse. 不，不能再差了。 6）比较级than any other名词单数、比较级than any

10、of the other名词复数、比较级than anyone else等。补充：senior(年长的，高级的)，junior(年幼的，初级的)， 等词与to连用，表示比较级。superior(优越的)，inferior(下等的，低劣的) eg. He is three years senior to me. He is three years older than me. 3. 最高级的用法 1） the +最高级+of/in+比较范围（之中最） Of all things in the world, people are the precious. 2）the +序数词+最高级四比较级结构

11、的修饰语1用于原级之前：almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc. eg. John is almost as tall as you. The river is three times as long as that one. We have a third as many students as we had last term.2用于比较级前a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rathe

12、r, two years, ten percent,three times etc. eg. The students study even harder than before. 学生们学习比以前更努力了。 A car runs a great deal faster than a bike. 汽车比自行车跑得快得多。 Its cold this year, but its even colder last year. We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.3用于形容词和最高级前the very , much th

13、e ,by far the ,the first/second eg. This hat is by far the largest in the world. Gold is the very most valuable of all materials . The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。 Id like to buy the second most expensive camera. 我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。五 形容词的构

14、成1. 本身为形容词nice, red, glad2. 形容词后缀 -able, -ful, -less, -ous, -al, -ent, -en, -some 名词+y 结尾的形容词3. ly 结尾的形容词 friendly, timely, lovely, deadly, daily, weekly, yearly deadly, costly, likely, lively(, lovely。4. 复合形容词 warm-hearted, good-tempered, easy-going, duty-free六顺序在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）

15、做前置定语的顺序。县官行令杀国才。这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：限（冠词物主代词、指示代词数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等） 龄 （年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等） a small round table a tall gray buildingThis a pretty small round old brown Chinese wooden writing desk补充：can not/never 与enough 或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越越好。 I was riding alone in the street and all of a s

16、udden，a car cut in and knocked me down. 我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了 You can never be too careful in the street. 在大街上你越仔细越好。 考点解析 考点二：倍数表达法 表示倍数的句型： (1)A is倍数比较级thanB(2)A is倍数as原级asB(3)A is倍数the名词(size，length，height 等)ofB (4)A is倍数thatofB (5)A is倍数what 引导的名词性从句 This building is three times higher

17、 than that one. This building is three times as high as that one. This building is three times the height of that one. 这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。 The output of this year is 3 times that of 2012. The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 20012. 今年的产量是2012年的三倍。 1 My uncles house in the downtown area is

18、much smaller than ours，but it is twice_ _expensive. Aas Bso Ctoo Dvery 解析： 答案： A 2 Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks，but it cost_his. Aas much twice as Btwice as much as Cmuch as twice as Das twice much as 解析：答案： B3. When you study the local map，youll find this town is_. Atwice the size of

19、 that one Btwice as a large town as that Ctwice as larger as that one Dtwice as larger a town as that 解析：答案： A 2.拓展：“as形容词(a/an)名词as”表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。 It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 例：1. Believe it or not，swimming is_as any to lose unwanted w

20、eight. Aa way as good Bas a good way Cas a way good Das good a way 解析： 考查固定短语。as.as表示“和一样”，固定表达方式有“asadj./adv.as”“asadj.a/ann.as”等。 答案： D 副词 1副词的主要分类 时间副词：now, then, early, late, lately, recently地点副词：there，here，below，above频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never方式副词：well，slowly，hard，bad

21、ly程度副词：still, even, very, rather，much，hardly, quite疑问副词：how，when，where, why连接副词：when，where，why，whether关系副词：when, where，why其他副词：also，not, only，too2. 副词的语法功能 副词在句中可作状语、表语、宾语补足语和后置定语。（1）作状语，修饰形容词、动词、介词短语和副词，也可修饰整个句子。 I can run very fast.我跑得非常快。 注意： 1. 有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though，(ever)since，in case等

22、He is old.He works hard，though. Though he is old，he works hard. 虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。 2. 有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。 如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等 Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. 幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。（2）其它 作表语，在系动词后。 Class is over.下课了。 Time is up.时间到。 作定语，放在被修饰词之后。 Do you know th

23、e girl upstairs? 你认识楼上的女孩吗？ Soon you will be acquainted with the people around. 不久你就会熟悉这附近的人。 Are you content with the life here? 你对这儿的生活满意吗？ Have you thought of the way out? 你有没有考虑这一出路？ 作补语 We were shown around by the young man Let him in/out. Ill see you off at the station. 作介词宾语 Its a long way fr

24、om here to your school. He has lived here since then.3. 同根副词的区别 有些副词有两种形式，一种与形容词同形，另一种是形容词加后缀-ly构成，这两种副词有时意义相近，但有时含义完全不同，使用时应该注意。1）high和highlyhigh的意思是“高”，表示空间高度；highly的意思是“高度地；非常地”，表示程度。 The bird is flying high up in the sky. 鸟在空中高高地飞。 We spoke highly of her.我们高度赞扬了她。2）wide和widelywide表示空间宽度，意为“充分地；大

25、大地”, widely表示范围，意为“广泛地”。 She opened the door _. 她把门完全打开。 English is_ used. 英语广泛地被应用。3）deep和deeplydeep的意思是“深”,表示空间深度，deeply时常表示感情，意为“深深地”。He went on studying deep into the night. 他继续学习直到深夜。This touched her heart_. 这深深打动了她的心。4）close和closelyclose的意思是“靠近”；closely的意思则是“仔细地；密切地”。 They live_to the museum.

26、他们住在靠近博物馆的地方。 We are _ watching the developments.我们正密切注视情况的发展。5） direct和directlydirect作副词用往往用于表示时间、路程和方式等概念中，表示“直接地；直达地”；directly多用于借喻，表示“坦率地；截然”，有时还可用来表示“立即，马上”的意思。The plane goes _from London to Houston without stopping.飞机由伦敦直达休斯敦，中途不停。His view is _ opposed to mine.他的观点与我的截然相反。6）late和latelylate的意思是

27、“晚”，lately意思是“最近”。 Many people sleep _ on Sunday morning.许多人在星期天早晨睡懒觉。 What have you been doing_? 最近你在干什么？7）near和nearlynear的意思是“在附近”，nearly的意思是 “几乎”。 My aunt lives quite _. 我姑姑住得相当近。 The boy _ fell into the river.那男孩险些跌人河中。8）free和freelyfree是“免费”；freely是“自由地，随意地”。You can eat free in my restaurant.你可以

28、在我的餐馆免费用餐。You may speak freely.你可以直言。9）hard和hardlyhard是“努力地”，hardly是“几乎不”。 I have been working hard all morning.我辛辛苦苦地干了一上午活。 We can hardly believe it.我们简直不能相信。10）most 和mostlymost是“最，非常”，mostly是“主要地”。What interested her most was the longitude line.最让她感兴趣的是经度线。11）firm和firmly二者意思基本相同，都表示“坚定地，牢固地”的意思。根

29、据用法习惯，firm常与hold和stand等搭配，其他情况多用firmly。She holds firm to her principles. 她坚持自己的原则。The concept of “customers first” should be firmly rooted in the mind of every shop assistant. “顾客第一”的概念应牢牢地树立在每个营业员的心中。The audience consisted mostly of women.观众主要是妇女。12）dead和deadlydead作副词时表“完全地；绝对地”；deadly一般作形容词用，意为“致命的”，作副词表“死一般地；极度地”。The man lay on the ground, dead drunk.那个人躺在地上，喝得烂醉。His face was deadly pale.他的脸死一般地苍白。I need it deadly.我好需要它！