最新最全面英国文学史知识点总结.docx

1、最新最全面英国文学史知识点总结 英国文学史I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. Artistic features: 1. Using allitera

2、tion Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵） Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishme

3、n to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里 乔叟13401400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。)The father of English poetry. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet(双韵体) by middle English特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 声誉之宫Medieval Ages popular Literar

4、y form: Romance(传奇故事) Famous three：King Arthur Sir Gawain and the Green Knight BeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and

5、 learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events of the Renaissance rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expa

6、nsion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists: Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯宾塞15521599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets poet. The first to be buried in the Poets corner of Westerminster Abbey 仙后(for Queen Elizabeth) The theme is

7、not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1. Using Spenserian Stanza Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. 牧人日历 The theme is to lament over t

8、he loss of Rosalind. 爱情小唱? 2. Thomas? More托马斯?莫尔14781535 One of the greatest English humanists乌托邦 3. Francis? Bacon弗兰西斯培根15611626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.?Writing style:brevit

9、y, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason.学术的推进随笔(famous quotas: )?The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies. 4. Ben Jonson狐狸 5. Christopher? Marl

10、owe柯里斯托弗马洛15641595 “University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。）Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成） 帖木耳大帝? 马耳他的犹太人 6. William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚15641616? Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIIIFour Comedies四

11、大喜剧: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人Four Tragedies四大悲剧: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李尔王; 麦克白Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme. III The 17th Century 1. John Milton约翰弥尔顿1608167

12、4（诗人、政论家;失明后写 失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。）Epics: 失乐园 复乐园 Dramatic poem: 力士参孙 论出版自由?为英国人民声辩 我的失明 This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best. 2. John B

13、unyan约翰班扬16281688（代表作天路历程，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)Religionary Allegory:天路历程 3. John Donne the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an arg

14、ument with the poets beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）Artistic features:1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻2. syllogism三段论 Meditations 沉思录The Flea 虱子 Songs And SonnetsHoly SonnetsValediction: IV The 18th Century A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, re

15、strained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern En

16、glish novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century) 1. Alexander? Pope亚历山大蒲柏16881744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）One of the first to introduce rationalism to England.批评论 Artistic features: 1.Usin

17、g “heroic couplets” 卷发遇劫记 道德论 人论愚人记 2. Samuel Johnson塞缪尔约翰逊17091784 Dictionary =英语大词典 3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森斯威夫特16671745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。） 格列佛游记(fictional work) Four parts: Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国 Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛一个小小的建议 书战 木桶的故事 一个麻布商的书信 4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔笛福1660173

18、1小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。He is the first writer study of the lower-class people,hislanguage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel. 鲁宾逊漂流记It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan. Robinson grew from a naive and artless yo

19、uth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. 5. Henry Fiel

20、ding亨利菲尔丁17071754（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父” 。） He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. novels:弃婴汤姆琼斯约瑟夫安德鲁大诗人江奈生威尔德爱米利亚 plays:一七三六年历史记事堂吉柯德在英国 6. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗格尔德斯密斯17301774 po

21、ems: 旅游人 荒村 novel: 威克菲尔德牧师传 7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德布林斯利施莱登17511816 情敌 造谣学校 8. William Blake威廉布莱克17571827 天真之歌 A happy and innocent world from childrens eye. 经验之歌 A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.Include: Lamb is a symbol of peace and

22、 purity Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence 天堂与地狱的婚姻 9. Robert Burns罗伯特彭斯17591796 The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 约翰安德生，我的爱人 一朵红红的玫瑰 往昔时光 不管那一套 我的心在那高原上 V The Romantic Period The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of

23、 Wordsworth and Coleridges , and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scotts death. Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individuals mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体) In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit,

24、 poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district. William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey 1. William Words

25、worth威廉华兹华斯17701850（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。 The Lake Poets） 抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge) Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge fullof peace” 2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in

26、 solitude. Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts. Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 序曲 2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔泰勒科尔律治17721834