常用有机溶剂共沸点.docx

1、常用有机溶剂共沸点常用有机溶剂共沸点 乙醚的性质 1. 乙醚为无色、透明、易流动的液体，挥发性极大，它的蒸气有芳香味，但有麻醉性。沸点34.6、凝固点116，所以能耐剧冷而不凝冻。比重很轻，在15时为0.720。微溶于水，能溶于乙醇、苯、氯仿等有机溶剂中。 常用有机溶剂共沸点 溶剂沸点/共沸点/含水量/% 氯仿61.2 56.1 2.5 甲苯110.5 85.0 20 四氯化碳77.0 66.0 4.0 正丙醇97.2 87.7 28.8 苯80.4 69.2 8.8 异丁醇108.4 89.9 88.2 丙稀腈78.0 70.0 13.0 二甲苯137-40.5 92.0 37.5 二氯乙烷

2、83.7 72.0 19.5 正丁醇117.7 92.2 37.5 乙睛82.0 76.0 16.0 吡啶115.5 94.0 42 乙醇78.3 78.1 4.4 异戊醇131.0 95.1 49.6 乙酸乙酯77.1 70.4 8.0 正戊醇138.3 95.4 44.7 异丙醇82.4 80.4 12.1 氯乙醇129.0 97.8 59.0 乙醚35 34 1.0 二硫化碳46 44 2.0 甲酸101 107 26 溶剂mp bp D420 nD20 Acetic acid 乙酸 17 118 1.049 1.3716 6.15 12.9 1.68 Acetone 丙酮 -95 56

3、 0.788 1.3587 20.7 16.2 2.85 Acetonitrile 乙腈 -44 82 0.782 1.3441 37.5 11.1 3.45 Anisole 苯甲醚 -3 154 0.994 1.5170 4.33 33 1.38 Benzene 苯 5 80 0.879 1.5011 2.27 26.2 0.00 Bromobenzene 溴苯 -31 156 1.495 1.5580 5.17 33.7 1.55 Carbon disulfide 二硫化碳 -112 46 1.274 1.6295 2.6 21.3 0.00 Carbon tetrachloride 四氯

4、化碳 -23 77 1.594 1.4601 2.24 25.8 0.00 Chlorobenzene 氯苯 -46 132 1.106 1.5248 5.62 31.2 1.54 Chloroform 氯仿 -64 61 1.489 1.4458 4.81 21 1.15 Cyclohexane 环己烷 6 81 0.778 1.4262 2.02 27. 7 0.00 Dibutyl ether 丁醚 -98 142 0.769 1.3992 3.1 40.8 1.18 o Dichlorobenzene 邻二氯苯 -17 181 1.306 1.5514 9.93 35.9 2.27 1

5、,2-Dichloroethane 1，2-二氯乙烷 -36 84 1.253 1.4448 10.36 21 1.86 Dichloromethane 二氯乙烷 -95 40 1.326 1.4241 8.93 16 1.55 Diethylamine 二乙胺 -50 56 0.707 1.3864 3.6 24.3 0.92 Diethyl ether 乙醚 -117 35 0.713 1.3524 4.33 22.1 1.30 1,2-Dimethoxyethane 1，2-二甲氧基乙烷 -68 85 0.863 1.3796 7.2 24.1 1.71 N,N Dimethylacet

6、amide N，N-二甲基乙酰胺 -20 166 0.937 1.4384 37.8 24.2 3.72 N,N Dimethylformamide N，N-二甲基甲酰胺 -60 152 0.945 1.4305 36.7 19.9 3.86 Dimethyl sulfoxide二甲基亚砜 19 189 1.096 1.4783 46.7 20.1 3.90 1,4-Dioxane 1，4-二氧六环 12 101 1.034 1.4224 2.25 21.6 0.45 Ethanol 乙醇 -114 78 0.789 1.3614 24.5 12.8 1.69 Ethyl acetate 乙酸

7、乙酯 -84 77 0.901 1.3724 6.02 22.3 1.88 Ethyl benzoate 苯甲酸乙酯 -35 213 1.050 1.5052 6.02 42.5 2.00 Formamide 甲酰胺 3 211 1.133 1.4475 111.0 10.6 3.37 Hexamethylphosphoramide 7 235 1.027 1.4588 30.0 47.7 5.54 Isopropyl alcohol 异丙醇 -90 82 0.786 1.3772 17.9 17.5 1.66 isopropyl ether 异丙醚 -60 68 1.36 Methanol

8、甲醇 -98 65 0.791 1.3284 32.7 8.2 1.70 2-Methyl-2-propanol 2-甲基-2-丙醇 26 82 0.786 1.3877 10.9 22.2 1.66 Nitrobenzene 硝基苯 6 211 1.204 1.5562 34.82 32. 7 4.02 Nitromethane 硝基甲烷 -28 101 1.137 1.3817 35.87 12.5 3.54 Pyridine 吡啶 -42 115 0.983 1.5102 12.4 24.1 2.37 tert-butyl alcohol 叔丁醇 25.5 82.5 1.3878 Tet

9、rahydrofuran 四氢呋喃 -109 66 0.888 1.4072 7.58 19.9 1.75 Toluene 甲苯 -95 111 0.867 1.4969 2.38 31.1 0.43 Trichloroethylene 三氯乙烯 -86 87 1.465 1.4767 3.4 25.5 0.81 Triethylamine 三乙胺 -115 90 0.726 1.4010 2.42 33.1 0.87 Trifluoroacetic acid 三氟乙酸 -15 72 1.489 1.2850 8.55 13.7 2.26 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol 2，2，

10、2-三氟乙醇 -44 77 1.384 1.2910 8.55 12.4 2.52 Water 水 0 100 0.998 1.3330 80.1 3.7 1.82 o -Xylene 邻二甲苯 -25 144 0.880 1.5054 2.57 35.8 0.62 Common Organic Solvents: Table of Properties 1,2,3 acetic acid C 2H 4O 2 60.05 118 16.6 1.049 Miscible 6.15 39 acetone C 3H 6O 58.08 56.2 -94.3 0.786 Miscible 20.7(25

11、) -18 acetonitrile C 2H 3N 41.05 81.6 -46 0.786 Miscible 37.5 6 1-butanol C 4H 10 O 74.12 117.6 -89.5 0.81 6.3 17.8 35 2-butanol C 4H 10 O 74.12 98 -115 0.808 15 15.8(25) 26 2-butanone C 4H 8 O 72.11 79.6 -86.3 0.805 25.6 18.5 -7 t-butyl alcohol C 4H 10 O 74.12 82.2 25.5 0.786 Miscible 12.5 11 carbo

12、n tetrachloride CCl 4 153.82 76.7 -22.4 1.594 0.08 2.24 - chlorobenzene C 6H 5 Cl 112.56 131.7 -45.6 1.1066 0.05 2.71 29 chloroform CHCl 3 119.38 61.7 -63.7 1.498 0.795 4.81 - cyclohexane C 6H 12 84.16 80.7 6.6 0.779 0.1 2.02 -20 1,2-dichloroethane C 2H 4 Cl 2 98.96 83.5 -35.3 1.245 0.861 10.42 13 d

13、iethyl ether C 4H 10 O 74.12 34.6 -116.3 0.713 7.5 4.34 -45 diethylene glycol C 4H 10 O 3 106.12 245 -10 1.118 10 31.7 143 diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether) C 6 H 14 O 3 134.17 162 -68 0.943 Miscible 7.23 67 1,2-dimethoxy- ethane (glyme, DME) C 4 H 10 O 2 90.12 85 -58 0.868 Miscible 7.2 -6

14、dimethylether C 2H 6 O 46.07 -22 -138.5 NA NA NA -41 dimethyl- formamide (DMF) C 3 H 7 NO 73.09 153 -61 0.944 Miscible 36.7 58 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) C 2H 6 OS 78.13 189 18.4 1.092 25.3 47 95 dioxane C 4H 8 O 2 88.11 101.1 11.8 1.033 Miscible 2.21(25) 12 ethanol C 2H 6 O 46.07 78.5 -114.1 0.789 M

15、iscible 24.6 13 ethyl acetate C 4H 8 O 2 88.11 77 -83.6 0.895 8.7 6(25) -4 ethylene glycol C 2H 6 O 2 62.07 195 -13 1.115 Miscible 37.7 111 glycerin C 3H 8 O 3 92.09 290 17.8 1.261 Miscible 42.5 160 heptane C 7H 16 100.20 98 -90.6 0.684 0.01 1.92 -4 Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) C 6 H 18 N 3 OP 179

16、.20 232.5 7.2 1.03 Miscible 31.3 105 Hexamethylphosphorous C 6H 18 N 3 P 163.20 150 -44 0.898 Miscible ? 26 triamide (HMPT) hexane C 6H 14 86.18 69 -95 0.659 0.014 1.89 -22 methanol CH 4O 32.04 64.6 -98 0.791 Miscible 32.6(25) 12 methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) C 5H 12O 88.15 55.2 -109 0.741 5.1 ? -28 m

17、ethylene chloride CH 2Cl 2 84.93 39.8 -96.7 1.326 1.32 9.08 1.6 N -methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) CH 5H 9NO 99.13 202 -24 1.033 10 32 91 nitromethane CH 3NO 2 61.04 101.2 -29 1.382 9.50 35.9 35 pentane C 5H 12 72.15 36.1 -129.7 0.626 0.04 1.84 -49 Petroleum ether (ligroine) - - 30-60 -40 0.656 - - -30

18、 1-propanol C 3H 8O 88.15 97 -126 0.803 Miscible 20.1(25) 15 2-propanol C 3H 8O 88.15 82.4 -88.5 0.785 Miscible 18.3(25) 12 pyridine C 5H 5N 79.10 115.2 -41.6 0.982 Miscible 12.3(25) 17 tetrahydrofuran (THF) C 4H 8O 72.11 66 -108.4 0.886 30 7.6 -21 toluene C 7H 8 92.14 110.6 -93 0.867 0.05 2.38(25)

19、4 triethyl amine C 6H 15N 101.19 88.9 -114.7 0.728 0.02 2.4 -11 water H 2O 18.02 100.00 0.00 0.998 - 78.54 - water, heavy D 2O 20.03 101.3 4 1.107 Miscible ? - o -xylene C 8H 10 106.17 144 -25.2 0.897 Insoluble 2.57 32 m -xylene C 8H 10 106.17 139.1 -47.8 0.868 Insoluble 2.37 27 p -xylene C 8H 10 106.17 138.4 13.3 0.861 Insoluble 2.27 27