七年级英语形容词和副词.docx

1、七年级英语形容词和副词4.形容词和副词形容词及其用法形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙 述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1）直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修 饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如： hot 。2）叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用 程度副词修饰。大多数以 a 开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如： afraid 害怕的。错） He is an ill man.对） The man is ill.错） She is an afraid girl.对）

2、 The girl is afraid.asleep ，这类词还有： well ，unwell ，ill ，faint ，afraid ， alike ，alive ，alone ， awake 等。3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以 -thing 为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后。例如： something nice.以 -ly 结尾的形容词1） 大部分形容词加 -ly 可构成副词。但 friendly ，deadly ， lovely ， lonely ， likely ， lively ，ugly ， brotherly ，仍为形容词。改错： （错） Sh

3、e sang lovely.（错）He spoke to me very friendly.（对）Her singing was lovely.（对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以 -ly 等。例如：结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如 daily ， weekly ，monthly ，yearly ，earlyThe Times is a weekly paper. 时代周刊为周刊。用形容词表示类别和整体1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如 living ， the rich ，the poor ， the bli

4、nd ， the hungry 等。例如：the dead ， theThe poor are losing hope.穷人行将失去希望。2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如 British ， the English ，the French ，the Chinese 等。例如：theThe English have wonderful sense of humor.英国人颇有幽默感。多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词 - 数词- 描绘词- (大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) - 出处 - 材料性质 - 类别- 名词。例如：a

5、small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car典型例题 :1)Tony is going camping with _ boys.other two答案： C。由限定词 - 数词- 描绘词 - （大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色） - 性质-名词 的顺序可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有 C符合答案。2)One day they crossed the bridge behind th

6、e palace.答案 A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小 +颜色+来源 +质地 +用途 +国家 +名词。3) How was your recent visit to Qingdao4)_days at the seaside.It was great. We visited some friends ，and spent the答案： B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名 词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前， 音节多的方在后，在不能确定 时，可参照：限定词 +数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后） +性状形容词

7、 +大小、长短、高低等形体 +新旧 +颜色 +国籍 +材料 +名词，如 those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table 。副词及其基本用法副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。、副词的位置1)在动词之前。2)在 be 动词、助动词之后。3)多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。a.大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。b

8、.方式副词 well ， badly ， hard 等只放在句尾。例如：He speaks English well. 他英语说得好。、副词的排列顺序：1)时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2)方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用 and或 but 等连词连接。例如：Please write slowly and carefully. 请写得慢一些，仔细一些3)多个不同副词排列：程度 +地点 +方式+时间副词。注意：副词 very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。改错：（错） I very like English.对） I like English very much.注意：副词 en

9、ough 要放在形容词的后面，形容词 enough 放在名词前后都可。例如：有足够的食物供每个人吃。There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.兼有两种形式的副词1)close 与 closelyclose 意思是 近 ； closely 意思是 仔细地 。例如：He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。Watch him closely. 盯着他。2)late 与 latelylate 意思是 晚 ； lately 意思是 最近 。例如：3)de

10、ep 与 deeplydeep 意思是 深 ，表示空间深度； deeply 时常表示感情上的深度， 深深地 。例如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud. 他把棍子深深插进泥里。Even father was deeply moved by the film. 老爸也被电影深深打动了。4)high 与 highlyhigh 表示空间高度； highly 表示程度，相当于 much。例如：The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。5)wide 与

11、widelywide 表示空间宽度； widely 意思是 广泛地 ， 在许多地方 。例如：英语在世界范围内广泛使用。English is widely used in the world.6)free 与 freelyfree 的意思是 免费 ；freely 的意思是 无限制地 。例如：无论什么时候，我这饭You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. 铺免费对你开放。形容词与副词的比较级大多数形容词 （性质形容词） 和副词有比较级和最高级的变化， 即原级、 比较级和最高级， 用来表示事物的等级差别。 原级即形容词的原形， 比较级和最

12、高级有规则变化和不规则变化 两种。1） 规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾 -er ， -est 来构成比较级和最高级。构成法 原级比较级最高级一般单音节词未尾加 -er,-esttalltallertallest以不发音的 e 结尾的单音词和少数以 - le 结尾的双音节词只加 -r,-st nicenicernicest-er,-est以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加bigbiggerbiggest 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的双音节词，改 y 为 i ，再加 -er ， -estbusy busierbusiest少数以 -er,-ow 结尾的双音节词未尾加

13、-er,-estclever/narrowcleverer/ narrowercleverest/ narrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加 more， most 来构成比较级和最高级important/ easilymore important/ more easilymost important/ most easily2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级goodbetter bestwell （健康的）worseworstbadill （有病的）oldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittleless leastfar farthe

14、r/furtherfarthest/furthest. as + 形容词或副词原级 + as1）在否定句或疑问句中可用 so as 。例如：He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。2）当 as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式： as +形容词 + a +单数名词 / as + many/much + 名词。例如：This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做

15、修饰语时，放在 as 的前面。例如：This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.4）倍数 + as + adj. + as 倍数 + the + of 。例如：This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。Your room

16、is twice the size of mine.比较级形容词或副词 + than 。例如：You are taller than I. 你比我高。They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine. 你房间的那些灯比我房间里的亮。注意：1）要避免重复使用比较级。错） He is more cleverer than his brother.对） He is more clever than his brother.对） He is clever than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。错） China

17、is larger than any country in Asia.对） China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。比较： Which is larger, Canada or AustraliaWhich is the larger country,

18、Canada or AustraliaShe is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.可修饰比较级的词1)any,a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, still, even 等。2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词（除 by far ）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题：1) Are you feeling Yes ， Im fine now.A. an

19、y well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better答案： B. any 可修饰比较级， quite 修饰原级， well 的比较级为 better.2)The experiment was easier than we had expected.A. more B. much more C. much D. more much答案：C. much可修饰比较级， 因此 B，C 都说得通， 但 easier 本身已是比较级， 不需 more， 因此 C 为正确答案。3)If there were no examinations, we should

20、 have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time答案： D。many, old 和 far1) 如果后接名词时， much more + 不可数名词， many more + 可数名词复数。2)old 有两种比较级和最高级形式 : older/oldest 和 elder/eldest 。 elder ， eldest 只 用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。例如：My elder brother is an engineer. 我哥哥是个工程

21、师。Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 玛丽是三姐妹中最大的。3)far 有两种比较级， farther ， further 。一般 father 表示距离， further 表示进一步。 例如：I have nothing further to say. 我没什么要说了。the + 最高级 + 比较范围1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the ，副词最高级前可不用。例如：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。形容词 most 前面没有 the ，不表示最高级的

22、含义，只表示 非常 。例如：这是个很重It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 要的问题。注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。错） Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.对） Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2) 下列词可修饰最高级， by far, far, much, mostly, almost 。例如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是

23、最大的了。a.very 可修饰最高级，但位置与 much 不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如：非洲是第二大洲。Africa is the second largest continent.3)最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如：Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 马克是班上最聪明的。Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4) 否定词语 +比较级 ， 否定词语 +

24、 so as 结构也可以表示最高级含义。例如：Nothing is so easy as this. 没比这更简单的了。=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.和 more 有关的词组，1) the more the more 越就越。例如：越努力，进步越大。The harder you work ， the greater progress youll make.3) no more than 与一样，不比多。例如：no less than 与一样。例如：4) more than 不只是，非常。例如：典型例题D. tha

25、t in America答案：D. 本题意为 中国的天气比美国热。 比较的是天气而不是国家， C不能选。 A没有名 词，后句成分不全，排除。 B和 D中，B中的 one 常用来代替可数名词，而 that 可车以代替 不可数或抽象名词，所以选 D。tractors in 19882) After the new technique was introduced ，the factory produced as the year before.A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as答案 C. 此句意为

26、这个厂 1988 能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍 。表示倍数用 倍数+ as + 形容词原形 + as + 比较对象 的句型。所以此句答案为 C。形容词和副词练习1.The modern machine proved in heart surgery.a. high valuable b. highly valuable c. valuable high d. valuable highly2.Mr. Johnson and his daughter do not always understand each other.a. older b. the oldest c. eldest d. th

27、e eldest3.They thought that the truth would be finally discovered.a. little b. not c. small d. bit4.They hardly believe that the apartment which costs them $ 4,000 is a. so small b. such little c. so little d. such small5.If a claim is kept , it is more likely to be recognized.a. live b. lived c. al

28、ive d. living6.On his way to school he met , so he sent him to hospital.a. very ill man b. much sick man c. serious ill man d. very sick man7.She was operated a month ago but now she was a. very good b. very well c. healthy d. good conditioned8.What I would do is to go a. really quietly somewhere b.

29、 somewhere quietly reallyc.really quiet somewhere d. somewhere really quiet9.The chairman asked to write their questions on a piece of paper and sendthem to the front.a. the present members b. the members presentlyc.the members present d. the presently members10.The price was very reasonable; I woul

30、d gladly have paid he asked.a. three times much as b. three times as many as c. as three times much as d. three times as much asa. too a little small b. a little too small c. a too little small d. a small too little12.She wore a dress to the party that was far more attractive than a. other girls b.

31、that of other girls c. the other girls d. those of other girls13.he can play tennis better than in the class.a. any boys b. any other boy c. any boy d. any other14.Kasia is taking her tour of the shops in search of bargains.a. daily b. day c. day time d. night15. the child expresses his interest in an a